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Speed analysis of motorcycle's wheel drive in various road conditions Wan Muhd Syarifuddin Wan Bukhar; Siti Fauziah Toha; Rabiatuladawiah Abu Hanifah; Nor Azam Kamisan
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 13, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp30-38

Abstract

The usage of the motorcycle as a mode of transportation has led to increased energy consumption in the transportation sector and high emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, the rapid development of electric motorcycles through the advancement of technology provides the possibility to address the issues of high energy consumption and the emission of pollutants. Despite its convenience in accommodating mobility in an urban area, statistical data show that road accidents involving the motorcyclist in Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries are very high. The contributing factor to the worrying situation is the failure in controlling the motorcycle speed. One of the solutions is by adjusting the motorcycle speed according to different road conditions. However, a shortcoming is identified based on the numerous studies conducted relating to the electric motorcycle where the studies exclude an analysis of electric motorcycle speed when travelling on different road conditions. Therefore, the slip ratio on the front and the rear wheel has been studied to analyze the suitable electric motorcycle speed when driven on different road conditions. An emphasis is made on two road conditions: dry and wet, and the simulation reveals the suitable speed range for the motorcycle under both road conditions.
Methodologies and evaluation of electronic travel aids for the visually impaired people: a review Muhammad Rabani Mohd Romlay; Siti Fauziah Toha; Azhar Mohd Ibrahim; Ibrahim Venkat
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 3: June 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i3.3055

Abstract

Technological advancements have widely contributed to navigation aids. However, their large-scale adaptation for navigation solutions for visually impaired people haven’t been realized yet. Less participation of the visually impaired subject produces a designer-oriented navigation system which overshadows consumer necessity. The outcome results in trust and safety issues, hindering the navigation aids from really contribute to the safety of the targeted end user. This study categorizes electronic travel aids (ETAs) based on experimental evaluations, highlights the designer-centred development of navigation aids with insufficient participation of the visual impaired community. First the research breaks down the methodologies to achieve navigation, followed by categorization of the test and experimentation done to evaluate the systems and ranks it by maturity order. From 70 selected research articles, 51.4% accounts for simulation evaluation, 24.3% involve blindfolded-sighted humans, 22.9% involve visually impaired people and only 1.4% makes it into production and commercialization. Our systematic review offers a bird’s eye view on ETA development and evaluation and contributes to construction of navigational aids which really impact the target group of visually impaired people.
Intelligent read-out circuit for space radiation detection 'Umar Abdul Aziz; Siti Fauziah Toha; Rabiatuladawiah Abu Hanifah; Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 22, No 3: June 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1411-1418

Abstract

In the design of the satellite system, space radiation is among the important factors that need to be taken care of as it may contribute to system failure. This research aims to design and implement an intelligent read-out circuit to detect the level of radiation. It has the capability to measure the level of radiation. The capability of the designed device to measure the level of radiation and also the type of radiation exposure are the key components to be considered in the design of the system.  In this research, the intelligent read-out circuit has been successfully designed and tested to detect the level of radiation. The results show the capability of the system to measure the level of radiation and determine the status of radiation level using both visual and sound indicators. The designed system is able to determine the level of radiation in a short time and strengthen by the danger-alert mechanism present in the system.
A hybrid simulation and hardware approach for a regenerative braking system in an electric motorcycle Faris Anwar Amir Faisal; Siti Fauziah Toha; Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor; Ahmad Syahrin Idris; Mohamad Osman Tokhi
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1265-1278

Abstract

Conventional electric motorcycles mostly depend on mechanical braking systems that dissipate kinetic energy as heat, resulting in significant energy losses, frequent battery recharging, and reduced operational efficiency. To address these limitations, a regenerative braking system (RBS) is designed and developed to recover and store kinetic energy during braking phases. The proposed RBS integrates a brushless DC (BLDC) motor that serves as a propulsion and energy regenerative unit, a lithium-ion battery for energy storage, and an Arduino microcontroller for real-time control and seamless system integration. A hybrid methodology combining MATLAB/Simulink simulations and hardware prototyping was adopted to evaluate system performance under various operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrated effective braking torque generation and back electromotive force (EMF) recovery to validate the system’s ability to convert kinetic energy into storable electrical energy. The proposed RBS achieved a theoretical energy recovery efficiency of approximately 70%, attributed to internal resistance and motor back EMF variations. These findings demonstrates the potential of regenerative braking in improving the energy efficiency of electric motorcycles, extending battery life, and reducing dependency on external charging. Furthermore, this study establishes a foundation for future RBS development incorporating lightweight materials, cost-effective components, and intelligent control strategies that can contribute to advancing sustainable and energy-efficient urban mobility solutions.
A Data-Centric Approach to HEK Cell Microscopic Image Segmentation using Multi-Scaling U-Net Syiham Fakhrulradzi Abdul Aziz; Ahmad Syahrin Idris; Siti Fauziah Toha; Izyan Mohd Idris; Muhammad Fauzi Daud; Azam Ahmad Bakir; Low Siow Yong
Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Science (JHBS)
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/jhbs.v4i2.4402

Abstract

Accurate and reproducible cell culture monitoring is important in biomedical research and regenerative medicine, yet manual assessment of cell confluency and morphology remains subjective and prone to inter-observer variability. Although deep learning approaches have been widely applied to cell segmentation, their systematic application to Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cells using data-centric methodologies remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by implementing a Multi-Scaling U-Net (MSUNet) architecture combined with a data-centric workflow that emphasizes improving data quality through Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) preprocessing, Total Variation Denoising (TVD), and iterative expert-guided annotation refinement. The scope of analysis was limited to HEK293T cell images captured at 10x magnification using phase-contrast microscopy. The optimized model achieved an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.8980 after applying the data-centric approach, representing a 15.1% relative improvement over the baseline model trained without preprocessing or annotation refinement. These findings provide empirical evidence that systematic data quality improvement constitutes a key contributing factor to segmentation performance, offering a reproducible methodology for automated cell confluency measurement in resource-constrained laboratory settings.