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All Journal Agroland : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Agrin : Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian
Bambang Hadisutrisno
Jurusan Perlindungan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Sebaran Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri di Beberapa Sentra Produksi Bawang Merah di Indonesia Asrul Asrul; Triwidodo Arwiyanto; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Jaka Widada
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 18, No 1 (2013): February 2013
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v18i1.261

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui daerah sebaran penyakit hawar daun bakteri di beberapa sentra pertanaman bawang merah di Indonesia dan kultivar bawang merah yang dapat diinfeksi, serta mengidentifikasi patogen penyebabnya. Penentuan lokasi pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara stratified purpossive random sampling. Survei dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan pengamatan di lapangan (observasi) terhadap kultivar bawang dan gejala penyakit yang terinfeksi oleh bakteri patogen. Sampel diidentifikasi melalui pengamatan morfologi koloni, uji postulat Koch, uji reaksi hipersensitif dan pengujian sifat-sifat biokimia dan fisiologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit hawar daun bakteri telah tersebar secara merata di seluruh daerah pertanaman bawang merah di Indonesia, yang meliputi Kabupaten Cirebon, Tegal, Nganjuk, Bantul, dan Sigi, dengan tingkat serangan mencapai 62,5–100%. Penyakit ini menginfeksi bawang merah kultivar Bima curut, Bauji, Biru-sawah, dan Palasa. Gejala hawar daun bakteri yang dijumpai berupa water soaking, terjadi lekukan daun, pengerutan daun,  klorosis, nekrosis, mati pucuk, pertumbuhan kerdil, dan kematian. Isolat bakteri yang ditemukan mempunyai bentuk koloni bulat, cembung, berlendir, dan berwarna kuning. Ciri morfologi koloni, gejala dan karakteristik isolat bakteri mirip dengan sifat-sifat bakteri Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii penyebab penyakit hawar daun pada bawang bombay.Kata kunci: Sebaran, bawang merah hawar daun bakteri, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii
MEKANISME ANTIBIOSIS BACILLUS SUBTILIS B315 UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI KENTANG Nur Prihatiningsih; Triwidodo Arwiyanto; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Jaka Widada
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 15 No. 1 (2015): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (147.855 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.11564-71

Abstract

Antibiosis mechanism of Bacillus subtilis B315 for controlling potato bacterial wilt disease. Bacillus subtilis B315 isolated from rhizospheric potato has antibiosis mechanism against Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro and become potentially used as controlling method of bacterial wilt in the field. The objectives of this research were to study the mechanism of B.subtilis B315 in controlling bacterial wilt disease, to study of B. subtilis B315 potency as both biocontrol and plant growth promoter, and to evaluate the mechanism as biocontrol agent. This green house experiment used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments were control (without B. subtilis B315), B. subtilis B315 wild type, antibiosis mutant M16, antibiosis mutant M4, and antibiosis mutant M14. Variables observed were incubation period, disease index, infection rate, effectiveness of control, and growth components (i.e number of bud, plant height, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight). The result of this research showed that B. subtilis B315 could delay incubation period, suppressed the disease index up to 64,9% and could promote the plant growth (leaf area). B. subtilis B315 had the antibiosis and other mechanisms that induced sistemic resistance. The implication of this research was that B. subtilis B315 could be used for biocontrol the bacterial wilt and promoted the potato growth.
EPIDEMI PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA PADA KONDISI LINGKUNGAN YANG BERVARIASI La Ode Santiaji Bande; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Susamto Somowiyarjo; Bambang Hendro Sunarminto
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 15 No. 1 (2015): MARET, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (150.335 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.11595-103

Abstract

Foot rot disease epidemic on black pepper in variety of environmental conditions. The foot rot disease on black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is often destructive to farmers of black pepper. This research aims to study the infection rate and the pattern of development of the black pepper foot rot disease in various condition of the environment. The research was conducted in the areas of black pepper cultivation in the Ultisol and Entisol soils. In each location plots were set with few (<25%) and abundant (>75%) weeds. Variable observed was disease incidence. The data were used to analyze model of development of the black pepper foot rot disease and infection rate. Results of the research showed that the model of development of the black pepper foot rot disease was not affected by soil type, but the type of soil affected the infection rate. At the pepper plantation with abundance of weeds, the disease development followes Gompertz model. At the plantation with few weeds, however the disease developed in a logistic model. The rate of disease infection on the black pepper plant with abundant weeds lower compared with those with few weeds.
KARAKTERISASI PATOGEN HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI SECARA FENOTIPIK PADA BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM CEPA L. KELOMPOK AGGREGATUM) Asrul Asrul; Triwidodo Arwiyanto; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Jaka Widada
Agroland: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian Vol 26, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (479.313 KB)

Abstract

The research aimed at determining the types of pathogen associated with bacterial leaf blight diseases of shallots. The bacteria were isolated and characterized based on the  morphological, biochemical and physiological morphology of their colony and cell.  There were eight isolates of pathogenic bacteria from pure culture.  Generally, the isolates have Gram-negative characters, short rod-shaped cells, have peritrikus flagellum and mucoid, yellow or beige colonies, round, convex or flat forms, and is shiny. The isolates react positively to catalase, urease, levan, indole production, and tween 8 tests. They also can live at temperature between 20 – 370C, pH 5 – 7 and tolerant to NaCl content ranging from 0 – 8.5%. The isolates react negatively to oxidases, reduce nitrates, fluorescent pigments, arginine, gelatin and starch.  Based on these characteristics, the isolates found generally have a closer resemblance to the properties of P. ananatis with a similarity coefficient of 88%  than bacteria X. axonopodis pv. allii with a similarity coefficient of 78%.  The symptoms appeared in the plant leaves were wilted (water soaked), shrinking, curving down, chlorosis, necrosis, and dieback.
SELEKSI MUTAN ANTIBIOSIS Bacillus subtilis B315 UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Ralstonia solanacearum Pr7 Nur Prihatiningsih; Triwidodo Arwiyanto; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Jaka Widada
Agrin Vol 18, No 1 (2014): Agrin
Publisher : Jenderal Soedirman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.agrin.2014.18.1.213

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis B315 adalah bakteri antagonis terhadap patogen tanaman seperti Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu bakteri.  Salah satu mekanisme antagonisme adalah antibiosis.  Mutan antibiosis dibuat untuk membuktikan bahwa B. subtilis B315 mempunyai mekanisme antibiosis dalam mengendalikan R. solanacearum.  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menyeleksi mutan antibiosis B. subtilis B315 dibandingkan dengan B. subtilis B315 tipe alaminya, 2) mendeteksi sifat antibiosis dari  B. subtilis B315.  Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen melalui mutagenesis dengan EMS, seleksi mutan berdasarkan pengujian antibiosis, waktu generasi, pola nutrisi dan konsistensi koloni.  Sifat antibiosis dideteksi dengan ekstraksi metabolit sekunder.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutagenesis dengan EMS yang optimum adalah pada waktu 274,7 menit dengan kematian maksimum 81,7%, Terdapat tiga kelompok mutan antibiosis yaitu yang tidak menghambat R. solanacearum, menghambat dengan zona hambatan 1-3 mm dan menghambat  dengan zona hambatan >3 mm. Mutan antibiosis terpilih yang kehilangan sifat  menghambat, namun waktu generasi dan pola nutrisi serta konsistensi koloni sama dengan B. subtilis B315 tipe alami adalah mutan M16.  Sifat antibiosis B. subtilis B315 ditunjukkan dengan metabolit sekunder yang diekstrak dengan metanol, menghasilkan puncak spot yang berbeda dengan mutan antibiosis M16. Kata kunci: Bacillus subtilis B315, mutan antibiosis, pengendalian, Ralstonia solanacearum  Pr7 ABSTRACT            Bacillus subtilis B315 is an antagonistic bacterium against plant pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum that causes bacterial wilt disease.  One of the antagonistic mechanisms is antibiosis. Antibiosis mutant is made to prove that B. subtilis B315 has an antibiosis mechanism in controlling R. solanacearum.  Aims of the research were 1) to select the B. subtilis B315 antibiosis mutant compared with B. subtilis B315 wild type, and  2) to detect antibiosis characters owned by B. subtilis B315.  The method used was an experiment through mutagenesis with EMS, mutant selection based on antibiosis test, generation time, nutrition pattern and colony consistency.  Antibiosis characters were detected by extraction of secondary metabolites.  Results of the research performed that optimal mutagenesis with EMS was at 274.7 minutes by maximum lethality of 81,7%.  There were 3 groups of antibiosis mutants i.e. not inhibiting R. solanacearum, inhibition with 1-3 mm of inhibiting zone, and inhibition with >3 mm of inhibiting zone.  The selected antibiosis mutant lost its inhibiting character, but the generation time and the nutrition pattern  and the colony consistency similar to B. subtilis B315 wild type was the M16 mutant.  Antibiosis characters of B. subtilis B315 were shown by secondary metabolites extracted with methanol to produce the peak spot that was different from the M16 antibiosis mutant. Key words: Bacillus subtilis B315, antibiosis mutant, control, Ralstonia solanacearum  Pr7 
Co-Authors Asrul Asrul Bambang Hendro sunarminto Jaka Widada JAKA WIDADA La Ode Santiaji Bande Nur Prihatiningsih SUSAMTO SOMOWIYARJO Triwidodo Arwiyanto