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Mercury and Cyanide Contaminations in Gold Mine Environment and Possible Solution of Cleaning Up by Using Phytoextraction NURIL HIDAYATI; TITI JUHAETI; FAUZIA SYARIF
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 16 No. 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Water contamination with heavy metals, mainly mercury and cyanide (CN) due to small scale of public mines and large scale of industrial mines have been in concern to residents around the area. Surveys of heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments, such as rivers and paddy fields over two gold mine areas in West Jawa were conducted and possible solution of using indigenous plants for phytoremediation was studied. The results showed that most of the rivers and other aquatic environments were affected by gold mine activities. Rivers, ponds, and paddy fields around illegal public mines were mostly contaminated by mercury in considerably high levels, such as paddy fields in two locations (Nunggul and Leuwijamang, Pongkor) were contaminated up to 22.68 and 7.73 ppm of Hg, respectively. Whereas rivers located around large scale industrial mines were contaminated by CN. Possible solution of cleaning up by using green technology of phytoremediation was examined. Some plant species grew in the contaminated sites showed high tolerance and potentially effective in accumulating cyanide or mercury in their roots and above ground portions. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.M., Digitaria radicosa (Presl) Miq, Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia accumulated 89.13, 50.93, 1.78, and 0.77 ppm of Hg, respectively. Whereas, Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia accumulated 16.52 and 33. 16 ppm of CN respectively. Key words: phytoextraction, contaminants, cyanide, mercury

Fitoekstraksi Sianida pada Centrosema pubescens Benth yang Tumbuh di Limbah Tailing Terkontaminasi Sianida Fauzia Syarif; Nuril Hidayati; Titi Juhaeti
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 1 (2009): February 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i1.2626

Contamination of mined soil and water affects not only to agriculture system but alsofood chains and epidemiological problems. As soil metal can not be biodegraded,remediation of soil heavy metal risks has been a difficult and expensive goal. Presentlythere are several different strategies available for the clean up and restoration ofcontaminated soils. One approach to minimize risks from some toxic pollutants isphytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants, known as phytoremediation. In thisresearch Centrosema pubescens was studied to examine its potency ashyperaccumulator against cyanide. Although cyanide is not categorized as heavymetal, its presence is considered as one of important toxic pollutants in theenvironments. Detoxification of cyanide (CN) contaminated soils and waters withplants seems to be a feasible option. Centrosema pubescens which proven tolerant anddominant in the CN contaminated environment was used in this research. The plantswere grown in tailing waste media added by 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm CN. Different pHlevels were applied, i.e.+ 6 and +5. The results showed that the plants were capable ofgrowing under high level of CN. The results indicated that Centrosema pubescens canbe considered as high tolerance and potentially effective in accumulating CN, i.e up to3.564 ppm in roots and up to 3.564 ppm in shoot with concentration ratio (shoot/root)up to 1.13. The plants also indicated high tolerance by producing high biomass underhigh level of CN, i.e up to 36.517 g (under 20 ppm CN).

Potensi Hiperakumulasi Saccharum spontaneum pada Medium Limbah Tailing Terkontaminasi Sianida Nuril Hidayati; Titi Juhaeti; Fauzia Syarif
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 13, No 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v13i2.2677

One approach to minimize risks from some toxic pollutants is phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants. These remarkable plant species accumulate appreciable high concentration of pollutants, including cyanide than normal plants. Although cyanide is not categorized as heavy metal, its presence is considered as one of important toxic pollutants in the environment. Detoxification of cyanide contaminated soils and waters with plants seems to be a feasible option. Since plants vary in their ability to accumulate specific contaminants, it is necessary to select plant species that can both accumulate and tolerate the contaminants. This study aims to characterized plants that grow under extreme contaminated media of gold mined tailing belongs to PT ANTAM Cikotok and to analyse their potencies as hyperaccumulators. Saccharum spontaneum which was proven tolerant and dominant in the contaminated site as well as potential in producing high biomass was used in this research. The plants were grown in tailing waste media added by 0, 5 and 10 mg kg-1 CN. Organic fertilizers i.e. manure and compost were applied to increase CN uptake. The results showed that the plants were capable of growing under the highest level of CN. Application of organic fertilizer increased plant uptake. The results indicated that Saccharum spontaneum can be considered as high tolerance and potentially effective in accumulating CN in their roots and above ground portions.

KEBIJAKAN DAN POLA KONSERVASI CENDANA PADA MASA MENDATANG DI PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR Albert H Wawo; BP Naiola; Fauzia Syarif
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 5 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v5i5.1472

Cendana (Santalum album L.) adalah tumbuhan yang memiliki potensi ekonomi tinggi karena penggunaannya di berbagai bidang seperti bahan kosraetika, obat-obatan, kayu ukiran dan bahan kerajinan rumah tangga (home industry). Oleh karena potensinya yang tinggi itu maka eksploitasi dari habitat aslinya dilakukan secara terus-menerus tanpa memperhatikan upaya konservasinya, sehingga populasi cendana dalam habitat aslinya telah sampai pada kondisi yang memprihatinkan. Cendana merupakan salah satu komoditi unggulan di propinsi NTT yang mampu memberikan andil sebesar 22,08% untuk pendapatan asli daerah (PAD). Dalam rangka Otonomisasi Daerah sesuai dengan UU Nomor 22 tahun 1999 maka perhatian khusus untuk konservasi dan pengembangan cendana adalah salah satu prioritas yang tidak dapat dielakkan oleh masyarakat dan PEMDA NTT. Model agroforestry cendana merupakan salah satu pola konservasi dan pengembangan cendana di masa mendatang dengan melibatkan masyarakat lokal untuk menanam cendana di ladang atau tegalannya. Dengan menerapkan pola ini dalam periode jangka panjang (lebih dari 20 tahun) ke depan masyarakat secara berangsur-angsur mengurangi tekanan terhadap pengambilan cendana dari habitat aslinya di alammkarena cendana telah dapat dipanen dari ladang dan tegalannya. Tulisan ini akan membahas pula penyebab kegagalan konservasi cendana, dan beberapa pemikiran tentang kebijakan dasar untuk konservasi cendana pada masa mendatang.

TOLERANSI BEBERAPA GENOTIPE Vigna umbellata (THUMB.) TERHADAP SUHU TINGGI PADA BERBAGAI TAHAP PERTUMBUHAN Yuyu Suryasari Poerba; Fauzia Syarif
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 4, No 5 (1999)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v4i5.1243

Degree of electrolyte leakage (EL) from leaf tissue after exposure to high temperature has been used as an indicator of heat tolerance. Inthe present study, EL was measured in an attempt to estimate heat tolerance of Viana umbellata (Thumb.) genotypes at three different growth phases. The degree of heat injury is significantly different among the three growth phases and among the genotypes as well as their interaction. However, the degree of heat injury tends to increase over the plant growth. The 18 genotypes of V. umbellata shows moderate genetic variability as shown by its value of genetic variance (46,25 Â±16,35), phenotypic variance (85,37 Â±27,60), and coefficient of genetic variation (26,36%).

POTENSI RUMPUT-RUMPUTAN UNTUK FITOREMEDIASI LAHAN TERDEGRADASI PENAMBANGAN EMAS Fauzia Syarif; Titi Juhaeti
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i6.1206

Phytoremediation is defined as a clean up of pollutants primarily mediated by pliotosynthetic plants so its could be used as an alternative technique to overcome contaminated soil and water such an mining ecosystems. These plants have several beneficial characteristics; they have ability to accumulate metals in their shoots and especially high tolerance to heavy metals.Since Indonesia has abundant plant diversity, it is believed that some of them are potential to be used as phytoremediator.This research was carried out to study the potential of three species of grasses in accumulating Pb and Cn. The treatments were arranged on Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial design). The first treatment are species of grass: 1) Cynodon dactylon Pers., 2)Cyperus sp. and 3) Ischaemum timorense Kith.; the second treatment is planting media i.e. 1) tailing soil, 2) soil from wildmining (mining activities run by unexpected miners) and 3) top soil and the third is organic fertilizer: 1) manure, 2) compost and 3) no fertilizer.The resultsshowed that all of the three grasses are potential to accumulate Pb and Cn. Organic fertilizer mixed on planting media is significantly affected the growth of grasses and increasing the accumulation of Cn on leaf of Cyperus sp. and I.timorense. While no evidence in increasing Pb accumulation on all of those three grasses species

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