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Perbedaan Botol Kul tur terhadap Pertumbuhan Eksplan Anyelir Hiperhidrisitas Budi Winarto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 15, No 1 (2005): Maret 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v15n1.2005.p%p

Hiperhidrisitas merupakan masalah penting dalam kul tur jaringan anyelir. Kegagalan dalam mengatasimasalah ini akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan aklimatisasi. Plantlet yang dihasilkan sulit diaklimatisasi, plantletmudah layu, dan mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan botol kul tur yang berbedajenis dan ukurannya dalam mengatasi hiperhidrisitas. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kul tur Jaringan, IPPT,Fakultas Pertanian, Universiti Putra Ma lay sia dari bulan Juni hingga No vem ber 2002. Enam jenis botol kul tur yangberbeda ukuran yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah tabung, erlenmeyer 100, 150, 250, 500 ml, dan tabungGA7. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tabung kul tur merupakan botol kul tur yang pal ing sesuai untuk menumbuhkan eksplanhiperhidrisitas kembali ke pertumbuhan yang lebih nor mal. Pertumbuhan nor mal eksplan hiperhidrisitas yangdikultur dalam botol tersebut ditunjukkan melalui persentase hiperhidrisitas terendah (42%), kandungan klorofil yangtertinggi (0,1377 mg/mg), kandungan air terendah (89%), dan bobot kering biomasa tertinggi (11%) dengan kualitastu nas yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan yang lain.Cul ture ves sels ef fect on growth of car na tion hyperhydritizy explant.Hyperhydricity is an im por tant prob lem in car na tion tis sue cul ture. Fail in over com ing the prob lem can in flu ence thesuccessful of plantlet acclimatization. Hyperhydritized-plantlets are normally difficult to be acclimatized and easy tobe come wilt ing and die. The aim of this study was to know the ef fect of dif fer ent types and sizes of cul ture ves sel in re -duc ing hyperhydricity. The ex per i ment was con ducted at Tis sue Cul ture Lab o ra tory, IPPT, Fac ulty of Ag ri cul ture,Universiti Putra Ma lay sia from June to No vem ber 2002. Six types dif fer ent in sizes used in the study are tube ves sel,erlenmeyer 100, 150, 250, 500 ml, and GA7 ves sel. Com pletely ran dom ized de sign with four rep li ca tions was ap pliedin this re search. Re sults of this study showed that tube ves sel was the most ap pro pri ate cul ture ves sel to growhyperhydritized-explants re vert ing to nor mal growth. The nor mal growth of them was in di cated by the low est per cent -age of hyperhydricity (42%), the high est leaf chlo ro phyll con tent (0.1377 mg/mg), the low est wa ter con tent (89%),and the high est dry weight of bio mass (11%) with good qual ity of shoots com pared to oth ers.

Aplikasi 2,4-D dan TDZ dalam Pembentukan dan Regenerasi Kalus pada Kultur Anther Anthurium Budi Winarto; N A Mattjik; A Purwito; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n1.2010.p%p

ABSTRAK. Studi kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ dalam pembentukan kalus dan regenerasinya pada kultur anther Anthurium dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias sejak bulan November 2007 hingga Agustus 2008. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ terhadap pembentukan dan regenerasi kalus. Spadik Anthurium andraeanum kultivar Tropical yang 50% stigmanya berada dalam kondisi reseptif optimal, kalus hasil regenerasi, dan medium MWR-3 yang mengandung BAP 0,75 mg/l, NAA 0,02 mg/l, sukrosa 30 g/l, dan gelrit 2,0 g/l digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ yang diuji ialah 0, 0,5, 1,0, dan 2,0 mg/l. Rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D dan TDZ berpengaruh nyata terhadap pembentukan dan regenerasi kalus. Aplikasi 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l yang dikombinasikan dengan TDZ 2,0 mg/l merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk pembentukan kalus dengan potensi tumbuh anther mencapai 58%, 38% anther beregenerasi dan rerata 2,3 anther membentuk kalus tiap perlakuan. Kombinasi 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l dengan TDZ 0,5 mg/l merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk regenerasi kalus dengan 5,3 tunas per eksplan. ABSTRACT. Winarto, B., N.A. Mattjik, A. Purwito, and B. Marwoto. 2010. Application of 2.4-D and TDZ on Callus Formation and Its Regeneration of Anthurium Anther Culture. Study of 2.4-D and TDZ concentration combination in callus formation and its regeneration on anther culture of Anthurium was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from November 2007 to August 2008. This study was aimed to determine the effect of concentration combination of 2.4-D and TDZ on callus formation, growth, and its regeneration. Spadix of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical which 50% of its stigma was in optimum receptive, MWR-3 medium containing BAP 0.75 mg/l, NAA 0.02 mg/l, sucrose 30 g/l, and gelrite 2.0 g/l and callus derived from the anthers were used in the experiments. Concentrations of 2.4-D and TDZ tested in the experiment for callus formation and its regeneration were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l. Factorial experiment with four replications was arranged in a completely randomized design. The results of the study indicated that combination of 2.4-D and TDZ gave significant effect on callus induction and its regeneration. In callus formation, 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l combined with TDZ 2.0 mg/l was the most suitable treatment with potential anther growth up to 58%; and 38% of anther regenerated with average 2.3 of anthers produced callus per treatment. 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l combined with TDZ 0.5 mg/l was the most appropriate treatment for callus regeneration into shoots with 5.3 shoots/explant.

Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Regenerasi Eksplan Hasil Kultur Anther Anthurium Melalui Perbaikan Media Kultur Budi Winarto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n4.2010.p%p

ABSTRAK. Regenerasi kalus merupakan bagian yang paling sulit dalam kultur anther anthurium (Anthuriumandraeanum), karena respons pembentukan tunas yang lambat. Studi pertumbuhan dan regenerasi eksplan hasil kulturanther anthurium pada media regenerasi yang berbeda dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Hias dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2008. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui respons pertumbuhandan regenerasi variasi eksplan hasil kultur anther anthurium pada media regenerasi yang berbeda. Penelitian inimenggunakan kalus tumbuh lambat, kalus haploid, daun, dan petiol muda tanaman haploid sebagai eksplan. MediumWinarto (MW) dan Winarto-Rachmawati (MWR) merupakan media dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.Penelitian terdiri atas tiga percobaan untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan dan regenerasi, yaitu (1) kalus tumbuh lambat,(2) kalus haploid pada media regenerasi yang berbeda (MR-1 s/d MR-6), dan (3) daun dan petiol muda dari tanamanhaploid menggunakan medium regenerasi terseleksi. Percobaan pertama dan kedua disusun menggunakan rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), sementara percobaan ketiga disusun menggunakan RAL pola faktorial masing-masing denganempat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan kemampuan regenerasi eksplan hasil kulturanther anthurium berhasil ditingkatkan melalui perbaikan media kultur. Pertumbuhan kalus terbaik dari eksplan kalustumbuh lambat ditemukan pada MR-4, sedang kalus haploid pada MR-1. Jumlah bakal tunas per eksplan mencapaisekitar 20 bakal tunas, tetapi pembentukan tunas tertinggi yaitu 4,8 tunas per eksplan ditemukan pada MR-6. Daunmuda tanaman haploid no. 400 merupakan jenis eksplan dan tanaman haploid dengan respons pembentukan tunastertinggi yang mencapai 6,0 tunas per eksplan dibandingkan eksplan dan tanaman haploid yang lain. Media terseleksihasil penelitian dapat diaplikasikan untuk menyelesaikan masalah regenerasi eksplan pada kultur in vitro anthuriumyang lain.ABSTRACT. Winarto, B. 2010. Increase of Growth and Explants Regeneration Derived from Anther Cultureof Anthurium via the Improvement of Culture Medium. Callus regeneration was an important problem in antherculture of anthurium due to slow response in shoot regeneration. A study of growth and regeneration of explantsderived from anther culture of anthurium in different regeneration media were conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratoryof Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from January to December 2008. The objective of the researchwas to determine the growth and regeneration of explants on different regeneration media. Slow growth, haploidcallus, young leaf, and petiole of different haploid plants were used in the study, while media of MW and MWRwere two basic media applied in the experiment. There were three experiments in the research i.e. to study thegrowth and regeneration of (1) slow growth, (2) haploid callus on different regeneration media, and (3) young leafand petiole of different haploid plants on selected regeneration medium. The experiment I and II were arranged witha completely randomized design (CRD) and the experiment III used factorial CRD with four replications. Resultsof the studies indicated that growth and regeneration capacity of explants derived from anther culture of anthuriumwere successfully increased via culture medium improvement. The best growth response of slow growth callus wasdetermined on MR-4, while haploid callus was on MR-1. Initial shoots produced per explant were up to ± 20 initialshoots, but the highest shoot number up to 4.8 shoots produced per explant was established on MR-6. Young leavesof haploid plant no. 400 were the appropriate explant and the donor plant in obtaining the highest callus formation,growth and regeneration with 6.0 shoots per explant. The selected media established in the study can be applied toovercome explant regeneration problems in in vitro culture of other anthuriums.

Pengaruh Glutamin dan Serin terhadap Kultur Anter Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical Budi Winarto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n4.2011.p293-305

Kultur anter merupakan salah satu teknologi haploid penting dalam produksi tanaman haploid ganda dan berhasil diaplikasikan pada berbagai jenis tanaman, namun aplikasi pada Anthurium belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian dan pengembangan kultur anter Anthurium yang difokuskan untuk mempelajari pengaruh glutamin dan serin terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Januari sampai dengan September 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi glutamin dan serin terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus pada kultur anter Anthurium. Spadik Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical, kalus hasil kultur anter serta medium Winarto dan Teixeira digunakan dalam studi ini. Glutamin dan serin pada konsentrasi 0, 250, 500, dan 750 mg/l diuji dalam percobaan ini. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan glutamin dan serin pada medium terseleksi belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus. Glutamin pada konsentrasi 250 mg/l menginduksi potensi tumbuh anter hingga 48% dengan 21% anter beregenerasi dan 1,3 anter per perlakuan membentuk kalus. Sementara serin pada 500 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi yang paling potensial dalam induksi kalus dengan 55% potensi tumbuh anter, 24% anter beregenerasi, dan 1,4 anter per perlakuan membentuk kalus. Glutamin 250 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi terbaik dibanding konsentrasi yang lain dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan regenerasi kalus. Perlakuan tersebut tanpa serin mampu menginduksi potensi pertumbuhan kalus hingga 77% dengan volume kalus mencapai 237 mm3 dan empat tunas dihasilkan per eksplan. Sementara perlakuan serin justru mereduksi pertumbuhan dan regenerasi kalus dan menstimulasi senesensi kalus yang berdampak pada pencoklatan dan kematiannya. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan penggunaan glutamin dibanding serin dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan kultur anter Anthurium.Anther culture is one of important haploid technologies in producing double haploid lines and successfully applied in many plants, while the application in Anthurium is not reported yet. Research and development in anther culture of Anthurium focusing on studying the effect of glutamine and serine on callus induction, growth, and its regeneration was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from January untill September 2008. Objective of this study was to know the effect of glutamine and serine on callus induction, growth, and its regeneration in anther culture of Anthurium. Spadix of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical, callus derived from anther and Winarto and Teixeira medium were utilized in the study. Glutamine and serine of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/l were tested in the experiments. Factorial experiment was arranged by completely randomized design with four replications. Results of the study indicate that addition of glutamine and serine in selected culture medium gave moderate significant effect on induction, growth, and regeneration of callus. Glutamine in 250 mg/l induced potential growth of anther up to 48% with 21% regenerated anthers and 1.3 anthers per treatment producing calli, while 500 mg/l of serine was better concentration in callus formation with 55% potential growth of callus, 24% regenerated anthers and 1.4 anthers per treatment producing calli. In growth and regeneration of callus, supplementation of serine reduced callus capacity in growth and production of shoots and stimulated callus senescence causing browning and death of it, while 250 mg/l glutamine exhibited positive effect on them. The treatment without serine was able to induce potential growth of callus up to 77% with 237 mm3 per callus and four shoots produced per explants. Results of the study suggest application of glutamine rather than serine in improving anther culture of Anthurium.

Pewarnaan Kromosom dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Penentuan Tingkat Ploidi Eksplan Hasil Kultur Anter Anthurium Budi Winarto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p113-123

Metode pewarnaan Kromosom yang optimal merupakan prasarat penting dalam penentuan level ploidi tanaman hasil kultur anter, termasuk variasi eksplan hasil kultur anter Anthurium. Aplikasi dan modifikasi metode pewarnaan kromosom pada berbagai eksplan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2009 untuk mengetahui keragaman dan tingkat ploidi regeneran hasil kultur anter Anthurium. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan metode pewarnaan kromosom dan modifikasinya, jenis eksplan dan akar yang sesuai untuk mempelajari tingkat ploidi regeneran hasil kultur anter Anthurium. Bahan yang digunakan ialah kalus, pucuk tunas, dan ujung akar udara. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga kegiatan, yaitu (1) modifikasi metode pewarnaan kromosom, (2) seleksi eksplan yang sesuai untuk pewarnaan kromosom, dan (3) optimasi metode pewarnaan kromosom terseleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ujung akar dan akar yang ditumbuhkan pada medium yang mengandung 1% arang aktif merupakan jenis eksplan dan akar yang sesuai untuk mendapatkan hasil pewarnaan kromosom yang baik. Modifikasi metode pewarnaan kromosom dengan pemanasan ujung akar pada 1N HCl : asam asetat glasial 45% (3:1, v/v) selama 10 menit pada suhu 60oC dan perlakuan aseto-orcein selama 15 menit merupakan metode pewarnaan kromosom yang lebih baik dalam menghasilkan obyek kromosom yang mudah dihitung. Penerapan metode pewarnaan kromosom pada kultur anter Anthurium dapat memisahkan tingkat ploidi regeneran. Pada penelitian ini rasio ploidi regeneran kultur anter ialah 33,5% haploid, 62,7% diploid, dan 5,7% triploid. Metode pewarnaan kromosom yang berhasil dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat dalam pengembangan teknologi haploid pada jenis Araceae yang lain.Optimal chromosome staining method is important pre-requisite in determination of plant ploidy level derived from anther culture, involving varied explants regenerated from Anthurium anther culture. Application and modification of chromosome staining methods on different explants were conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from February to August 2009 for determination of the ploidy level of regenerants derived from anther culture of Anthurium. The aim of this research was to determine the chromosome staining method and its modifications, type of explant and root suitable to study the ploidy level of explants derived from anther culture of Anthurium. Callus, shoot tips, and root tips were utilized in the experiment. The research was consisted of three experiments, i.e. (1) modification of chromosome staining methods (2) selection of explants suitable for chromosome staining, and (3) improvement of the selected chromosome staining method. Results of the study indicated that root tips and roots cultured on medium containing 1% active carchoal were the most appropriate explants and the root type in obtaining better chromosome staining results. The modification method with root tip boiled in 1N HCl : 45% of acetic acid glacial (3:1, v/v) for 10 minutes in 60ºC and aceto-orcein treatment for 15 minutes gave appropriate chromosome staining results exhibited clearer chromosome pictures and was easy to be counted. The application of chromosome staining on anther culture of Anthurium was able to distinguish the ploidy level of regenerants. Ploidy ratio of regenerants derived from anther culture was 33.5% of haploid, 62.7% of diploid, and 5.7% of triploid. Chromosome staining method resulted from the study give high benefit in developing haploid technologies on other Araceae plants.

Teknik Kultur Anther pada Pemuliaan anthurium Budi Winarto; Fitri Rachmawati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 2 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n2.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Kultur anther merupakan teknik baru yang telah dikembangkan pada beberapa tanaman untuk mendapatkan galur murni melalui produksi tanaman haploid ganda. Keberadaan tanaman ini berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbaikan dan peningkatan efisiensi program pemuliaan dan perbenihan tanaman. Pada anthurium, teknik ini belum pernah dikembangkan dan dilaporkan, sehingga studi awal kultur anther bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan dan perbenihan tanaman ini. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui tahap perkembangan spadik, rasio tahap perkembangan mikrospora dan viabilitasnya, mendapatkan teknik isolasi anther dan medium inisiasinya yang potensial untuk kultur anther. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dan Plant Research International, Wageningen-Belanda dari bulan Juni 2003 hingga Agustus 2005. Anthurium yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah anthurium andreanum Linden ex André. cv. Amigo, Carnaval, dan Tropical. Pengamatan secara periodik, pengecatan menggunakan DAPI dan FDA, pengembangan 4 teknik isolasi (T-1 s/d T-4), dan seleksi medium inisiasi dilakukan dalam percobaan ini. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 3 kultivar anthurium yang diuji memiliki karakter yang berbeda dalam hal waktu munculnya kepala putik, pemunculan putik tercepat terdapat pada kultivar Amigo, sedangkan waktu muncul serbuk sari relatif sama. Jumlah mikrospora per kotak spora terbanyak ditemukan pada kultivar Carnaval. Rasio tahap perkembangan mikrospora berubah seiring perubahan tahap perkembangan spadik dengan persentase late-uninucleate tertinggi (76%) tercatat saat spadik berada pada masa transisi. Viabilitas mikrospora berkisar antara 40-70% dengan persentase tertinggi (70%) ditunjukkan oleh kultivar Amigo. T-1 merupakan teknik isolasi yang potensial digunakan dalam mengembangkan kultur anther pada anthurium. Medium MMS merupakan medium yang paling potensial digunakan dalam kultur anther anthurium. Kultivar Tropical merupakan kultivar yang potensial digunakan sebagai tanaman model dalam kultur anther anthurium. Hasil-hasil tersebut bermanfaat dalam membuat protokol kultur anther pada anthurium.ABSTRACT. Winarto, B. and F. Rachmawati. 2007. Development of anther culture technique on anthurium. Anther culture is a new technique developed on several plants in obtaining pure line of plant via double haploid plant production. The existence of such plant has significantly increased and improved plant breeding and seed production programs efficiency. In anthurium so far the techniques have not developed and reported yet, therefore this study is important and benefit for the plant in relation with improving the plant breeding and seed production programs. The research objectives were too find out the development stage of spadix, ratio of microspore development stages and their viability, to findout potential isolation technique and initiation medium for anther and/or microspore culture of anthurium. The study was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute and Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands, from June 2003 till August 2005. Anthurium used in the study was anthurium andreanum Linden ex André. cv. Amigo, Carnaval, and Tropical. Periodical observation, DAPI and FDA staining, developing 4 isolation techniques (T-1 to T-4), and selection of initiation media were carried out during this research. Results of this study indicated that 3 anthurium cultivars had different characters with the fastest noticeable time of stigma observed in Amigo, while visible time of pollen was relatively similar. Higher number of microspore was recorded in Carnaval. Ratio of microspore development stages changed gradually dealing with alteration of spadix growth and high percentage of late-uninucleate stage (76%) was observed on spadix in transition stage of its growth that was characterized with color alteration area of scale like corola. Microspore viability was between 40-70% with the highest percentage (70%) obtained by Amigo. T-1 was a prospective technique developed for anthurium anther culture, while MMS was a potential initiation medium for the technique. Anthurium cv. Tropical was potentially used as a plant model for anther culture of anthurium. Results of this study can give benefit in establishing anther culture protocol for anthurium.

Potensi Beberapa Fungisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Karat Putih (Puccinia horiana Henn.) dan Perbaikan Mutu Krisan Evi Silvia Yusuf; Waqiah Nuryani; Ika Djatnika; Hanudin -; Suhardi -; Budi Winarto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n4.2012.p385-391

Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan patogen penting penyebab penyakit karat putih yang menimbulkan kerugian signifikan dalam budidaya krisan, baik bunga potong atau tanaman pot. Aplikasi fungisida sintetik yang sering diandalkan oleh petani dan pengusaha tidak hanya memerlukan biaya yang lebih mahal, namun juga berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan fungisida nabati yang lebih murah dan ramah terhadap lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif pemecahannya. Beberapa fungisida nabati seperti Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E berbahan aktif minyak atsiri cengkih, nimba, kayu manis, serai wangi, dan asam salisilat telah diproduksi dan dikomersialisasikan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Aplikasi fungisida tersebut diduga berpengaruh positif dalam menekan penyakit karat putih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keefektifan empat produk fungisida nabati tersebut dalam mengendalikan penyakit karat putih dan meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Plastik di Poncokusumo, Malang, Jawa Timur sejak Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 3 ml/l untuk Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E, serta 1,5 ml/l Amistartop 35 EC sebagai kontrol positif dan air sebagai kontrol negatif. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua fungisida nabati yang diuji efektif mengendalikan penyakit karat pada krisan. Perlakuan tersebut menurut uji statistik memiliki kemampuan yang sebanding dengan Amistartop. Penurunan intensitas karat putih oleh perlakuan Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, dan Amistartop berturut-turut sebesar 49; 37,74; 32,43; 29,78; dan 48,33%. Aplikasi Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter bunga, dan vaselife bunga. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi manfaat untuk petani dan pengusaha dalam menurunkan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan pengusaha karena harga keempat biofungisida murah dan tanpa dampak negatif terhadap kelestarian lingkungan. Controlling white rust disease (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum with some biofungicides P. horiana Henn. is important pathogen causing white rust disease that may lead to a significant lost in chrysanthemum cultivation (both for cut flower and pot plant). Synthetic fungicide commonly applied by farmers are causing not only high production costs, but also endangering the environment. Confronting to this situation, the use of biofungicide that are considered cheaper and more environmental friendly has become a relevant and promising alternative. Several biofungicides such as Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E with active ingredient of clove oil, neem, cinnamon, citronella, and salicylic acid have been commersialized by the Indonesian Medical and Spice Crops Research Institute. In this study those biofungicides were hypothesized to have great potential in control the white rust disease. The main objective of this study was to obtain information regarding the efficacy of four biofungicides in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted at Plastichouse in Poncokusumo, Malang, East Java from January to December 2010 by using Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana as planting materials. The treatments were consisted of 3 ml/l application of Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E 1.5 ml/l application of difenokonazol + azoxistrobin (Amistartop 35 EC) as a positive control and water as negative control. The experiment was set up using a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that all tested biofungicides were quite effective in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum and had similar effectiveness in reducing disease intensity compared to Amistartop. Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, and Amistartop had been able to reduce the white rust disease intensity by 49; 37.74; 32.43; 29.78; and 48.33% respectively. In the meantime, those biofungicides did not show significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, flower diameter, and flower vaselife. The use of biofungicides seems potentially promising to increase farmers income because the price of biofungicides were cheap and maintain environmental sustainability.

Pengaruh Media Regenerasi terhadap Pembentukan Tunas Aksiler dan Adventif pada Philodendron c.v. Moon Light Budi Winarto; S Rianawati; Deborah Herlina
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n1.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Philodendron merupakan tanaman hias daun yang menarik dan banyak digemari oleh konsumen, tetapi pengembangan tanaman ini secara komersial masih dihadapkan pada masalah perbanyakan benih. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh beberapa media regenerasi terhadap induksi tunas aksiler dan adventif, penyiapan plantlet, dan aklimatisasinya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Segunung dari bulan November 2004 hingga Mei 2005. Bahan tanaman adalah philodendron c.v. Moon Light. Sebagian percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MR-2 yang mengandung 0,2 mg/l BAP + 0,01 mg/l NAA + 15 g/l sukrosa dan 15 g/l glukosa merupakan media regenerasi yang terbaik pada perbanyakan philodendron cv. Moon Light secara in vitro. Media ini mampu menginduksi penggandaan tunas aksiler dan tunas adventif terbaik dibanding media regenerasi yang lain dengan persentase regenerasi mencapai 90% untuk tunas aksiler dan 50% untuk tunas adventif. Produksi tunas mencapai 6,2 tunas per eksplan untuk tunas aksiler dan 3,1 tunas per eksplan untuk tunas adventif. Dengan mengganti agar Swallow dengan gelrite, media ini juga menjadi media terbaik untuk penyiapan plantlet untuk tujuan aklimatisasi, terutama pada tunas yang telah mengalami 4-5 subkultur. Plantlet yang dihasilkan juga mudah diaklimatisasi pada media arang sekam dengan keberhasilan mencapai 94%.ABSTRACT. Winarto, B., S. Rianawati, and D. Herlina. 2007. Effect of Regeneration Media on Axillary and Adventitious Shoot Formation of Philodendron c.v Moon Light. Philodendron is one of fascinating ornamental foliage plants which has high preference from user, but for commercial development of the plant is still faced by big problem on its propagation. The study aimed to find out the effect of regeneration media on axillary and adventitious shoot induction, plantlet preparation, and its acclimatization. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory and Glass-house of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute from November 2004 till May 2005. Philodendron cv. Moon Light was used as a donor plant. A part of the experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results of this study indicated that MR-2 medium was the appropriate medium for in vitro propagation of the plant. The medium was able to induce the highest axillary and adventitious shoot multiplication compared to others with high percentage of shoot regeneration up to 90% for axillary shoots and 50% for adventitious shoots. Shoot production was up to 6.2 per explant for axillary shoot and 3.1 per explant for adventitious shoot. By changing Swallow agar with gelrite was the best medium for plantlet preparation, especially in 4-5 subcultured-shoots for acclimatization purposes. Plantlets resulted from this experiment were easily acclimatized on burn-rice husk with 94% survivability.

Studi Kultur Anther pada Aksesi Anthurium Lokal Budi Winarto; N A Mattji
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v19n4.2009.p%p

Kultur anther merupakan salah satu terobosan teknologi dalam kultur jaringan untuk menyediakantanaman homozigot dalam waktu yang singkat. Aplikasi kultur anther pada aksesi Anthurium lokal dapat dilakukanuntuk menyediakan tetua homozigot yang tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun. Penelitian bertujuan menguji responsbeberapa aksesi Anthurium lokal terseleksi dalam kultur anther dan kemampuan regenerasi kalus pada berbagai mediaregenerasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Januarihingga Desember 2006. Anther diisolasi dari aksesi Anthurium lokal Cipanas Merah, Cipanas Putih, Cihideung-Lembang Merah, Sukabumi Putih, dan Salatiga Putih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa aksesi Anthuriumlokal memberikan respons yang berbeda terhadap kemampuan induksi kalus. Aksesi Cipanas Putih merupakan aksesiyang paling responsif dibandingkan aksesi lainnya dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi (5,2%). Kalus yangterbentuk dalam kultur anther memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang baik terhadap inkubasi terang dan tumbuh lebihcepat dibandingkan dengan aksesi yang lain. Kalus hasil kultur anther aksesi Cipanas Putih memiliki kemampuanregenerasi yang tercepat (1,5-2,5 bulan) dan jumlah bakal tunas terbanyak (2,2-5,7 tunas). Media MMS-IIIR danMMS-TBN merupakan media yang sesuai untuk regenerasi tunas dari kalus hasil kultur anther aksesi Cipanas Putih.Media tersebut juga sesuai untuk inisiasi kalusABSTRACT. Winarto, B. and N.A. Mattjik. 2009. Studies on Anther Culture of Local Accessions of Anthurium.Anther culture is a technological breakthrough in tissue culture to provide homozygot plants in a shorter periodcompared to conventional method. Anther culture applied for local Anthurium accession for getting desistant motherplant against light blight. Anther culture application aimed to evaluate responses of anther culture of local accessionof Anthurium and capacity of callus regeneration derived from it, in different regeneration media. The study wasconducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute fromJanuary to December 2006. Anthers of local accession of Cipanas Merah, Cipanas Putih, Cihideung-Lembang Merah,Sukabumi Putih, and Salatiga Putih were used in this research. The results indicated that among local accessions ofAnthurium tested had different responses in their capacity to produce callus. Cipanas Putih accession was the mostresponsive accession in callus formation (5.2%). Callus derived from this accession grew better and faster than otheraccessions and easily adapted under light incubation. Callus resulted from anther culture of Cipanas Putih accessionexhibited faster regeneration (1.5-2.5 months) and produced highest number of shoots per callus (2.2-5.7 shoots).The MMS-IIIR and MMS-TBN media were the appropriate media for shoot regeneration of callus produced fromanther culture of Cipanas Putih accession. The media was also suitable for callus initiation.

Growth of Various Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) Cultivars Cuttings on Different Auxin Type Agus Rahman; Setyono Setyono; Budi Winarto
JURNAL AGRONIDA Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda Bogor

This study aims to obtain qualified seedlings, and speed up the rooting of some varieties ofchrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) cuttings use synthetic and naturally plant growthregulator (auxin). Research results are expected to be an alternative method of application effectiveand environmentally friendly plant growth regulator. The research was conducted from March toApril 2013 at the Research Institute of Ornamental Plants (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias). Theexperimental design used is completely randomized design (CRD) factorial. The first factor is thetype of auxin which consists of four levels ie control, indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene aceticacid (NAA), pregnant cow urine, and not pregnant cow urine. The second factor is the type ofchrysanthemum varieties which consists of four levels ie spray type of Puspita Pelangi, spray typeof Puspita Nusantara, standard type of Sakuntala, and standard type of Pasopati. The resultsshowed that type of chrysanthemum cultivars and type of auxin not affected the percentage of livecuttings, percentage of rooted cuttings and percentage of sprouted cuttings. The cuttings root ofplant that given by pregnant cow urine is better than other treatments. Cuttings root length, andnumber of primary root of Pasopati is better than other cultivars. The interaction influence betweenthe type of auxin and chrysanthemum cultivars found only in the number of secondary roots,diameter of root and length of the shoot cuttings at 12 DAP.Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium R., cow urine, NAA, spray type

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