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Journal : Agrointek

Optimasi microwave-assisted pretreatment dalam delignifikasi asam oksalat pada kulit kakao menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM) Ahmad Fadhlul Kamal; Efri Mardawati; Eko Heri Purwanto; S. Rosalinda
AGROINTEK Vol 17, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v17i4.15471

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk is a solid waste originating from the cocoa beans processing industry in very abundant quantities. The components that make up the cocoa pod husk include cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cocoa pod husk has a large cellulose content, so it has the potential to be used as cellulose-based bioproducts such as bioethanol. This study aimed to determine the optimum power, irradiation time, and concentration of oxalic acid in the cocoa pod husk microwave-pre-treatment delignification process. The cacao pod husk used in this study is a forastero variety from Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Cocoa pod husk raw material contains lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, respectively 15.73%, 40.14%, and 19.33%. The optimal conditions obtained using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model with factors that affect the process are power, irradiation time, and concentration of oxalic acid with response levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin after microwave pre-treatment. The results of the optimum conditions of power, irradiation time, and concentration of oxalic acid in the microwave assisted-pre-treatment process were 450 Watt, 10 minutes, dan 1%, respectively. The optimum conditions in the delignification process resulted in the levels of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, respectively, which were 8.10%, 39.37%, dan 21.40%. Based on the lignocellulosic test at optimum conditions, the lignin decreased by 48.506%, cellulose decreased by 1.918%, and hemicellulose content increased by 10.709%. The results indicated optimum conditions could be applied in bioethanol and xylitol production
Aplikasi proses dan formulasi face mist dengan penambahan ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai sediaan antijerawat Asri Widyasanti; Rizka Fauziyah; S Rosalinda
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i1.18007

Abstract

Face mist preparations are liquid preparations that are sprayed on the face. A natural ingredient that can be added to the anti-acne face mist preparation is butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) because it contains flavonoid which has the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of butterfly pea extract in an anti-acne face mist preparation. The research method used was laboratory experimental with data analysis using ANOVA, Duncan's test, and descriptive analysis. This study consisted of 4 treatments with varying concentrations of butterfly pea extract namely: treatment A (0%%) treatment B (2%), treatment C (4%) and treatment D (6%). The results showed that all treatments met the quality parameters of appearance, viscosity, spray conditions, inherent resistance properties, and drying time. It did not irritate as well. The best concentration of butterfly pea extract in an anti-acne face mist preparation was 4% because it complied with the requirements for appearance, viscosity, spray conditions, inherent resistance properties, no irritation, stability for 28 days of storage, and had the highest antibacterial activity.     
Perbandingan antara metode hydrodistilation dan hydro steam distilation terhadap jumlah rendemen dan karakteristik aroma minyak terbang kulit jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L) Abil Fadila; Sarifah Nurjanah; S.Rosalinda Rosalinda
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i4.18294

Abstract

Lemon contains essential oil compounds found in the peel, namely the flavedo. This section can produce essential oils by various methods, including the distillation method. Differences in distillation methods can affect the quality of essential oils. In the essential oil production process, paying attention to the distillation method and the samples of raw materials used is necessary. This study compares the process of extracting lemon peel oil using hydrodistillation and hydro-steam distillation methods.This research has enormous benefits for obtaining the best essential oils using a method that has stable quality and at a not too high cost. The process conditions are carried out by applying the influence factors of temperature, distillation time, and the ratio of raw materials to yield and aroma characteristics. The heating temperature is 100 oC, the distillation time is 4 hours, the raw material ratio is 1:5, as well as the pretreatment process of raw materials. The resulting steam is condensed, and the distillate, a mixture of oil and water, is separated using a separatory funnel. The oil is purified with anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) to separate the oil from the remaining water. The best results were obtained from the research results in the hydrodistillation method with a heating temperature of 100 oC, a distillation time of 4 hours, and a raw material size of 1 cm with a % yield of 0.99%. As well as, the aroma produced is not too strong to get a value of 1 for the hydrodistillation method, and the aroma characteristics are quite strong with a scale of 3 produced by the hydro-steam distillation method. As well as the % yield value generated is 0.495%.
Efek pra-perlakuan menggunakan microwave terhadap kandungan lignoselulosa kulit ari jagung Tasyabilla Attaya; S. Rosalinda
AGROINTEK Vol 19, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v19i3.21581

Abstract

Corn is one of the abundant agricultural commodities in Indonesia. This abundant production of corn leaves considerable waste. One of the wastes produced is corn pericarps. Corn pericarps contain lignocellulose, whose utilization has not been studied much. This study aims to determine changes in the lignocellulosic content of corn pericarps in the physico-chemical delignification pre-treatment using electromagnetic waves with microwaves with various solvents NaOH 4% and distilled water. The lignocellulose content was tested using the Van Soest method. The results showed that the raw material for corn pericarps contained 50.4% hemicellulose, 14.6% cellulose, and 0.98% lignin. The results of pre-treatment using a microwave with NaOH 4% solvent produced 14.6% hemicellulose, 33.98% cellulose, and 0.6% lignin, and distilled water yielded as much as 50% hemicellulose, 15.58% cellulose, and 0.8% lignin. The pre-treatment method using microwave can reduce lignin levels by up to 38.78% with NaOH solvent and 18.37% with distilled water. In addition, this pretreatment method can also degrade hemicellulose as much as 71.03% with NaOH solvent and 0.8% with aquadest solvent. Thus, the use of NaOH as a solvent showed a much better ability to delignify and degrade hemicellulose than distilled water.