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Inorganic Elements of Mangium Stem (Acacia mangium Willd) from Different Provenanc Ganis Lukmandaru; Vendy Eko Prasetyo; Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.2.54-61

This study aimed to investigate the ash content and concentrations of inorganic elements present in the stem of Acacia mangium. The tree samples (24 years) were collected from five different provenances (Sidei, West of Morehead, Daintree, Ellerbeck, and El Arish). Meanwhile, the disc samples were obtained from the trunk of each tree on the lower parts. The samples were collected from four radial positions (bark, sapwood, outer heartwood, inner heartwood), and the ash and insoluble acid contents were determined. Furthermore, the concentration of 5 elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, and Na) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The interaction of provenance and radial position factors affected ash and potassium contents. Also, acid insoluble ash and calcium contents showed a provenance factor effect. The barks obtained from the tree samples contained the highest concentrations of ash content and most of the elements. The wood and bark of El-Arish provenance showed the lowest (0.50~0.72%) and highest levels (4.75%) of ash content respectively. Furthermore, the highest amount of insoluble acid ash (3075 ppm) and calcium (4513 ppm) content was also measured in samples of El-Arish provenance, and radial position factor was a significant source of variation for Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn concentrations. Except Mg, the inner and outer portions of the heartwood mostly showed no significant difference in unprecedented element concentrations. Ash content was positively correlated with Ca in sapwood (r=0.39) and Mn in bark (r=0.54). In addition, moderate correlations were observed between Mg and Ca in heartwood (r=0.63) and bark (r=0.54) tissues. For ash and silica content, the comparatively low concentration on samples from El-Arish provenance are good options to improve wood quality for breeding programs.

Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Lipophilic Compounds from Swietenia mahagoni (l.) Jacq. Leaves Masendra Masendra; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Rizki Arisandi; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.2.62-68

The investigation on the n-hexane lipophilic extractives of Swietenia mahagoni, alongside the antifungal and antioxidant properties was conducted. The leaf sample was collected from 2- and 3-years-old trees in Perhutani enterprise of Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. In addition, the antifungal activity was tested using the white-rot of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, while the antioxidant property involved the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results show antifungal of 28.6% and 37.5% growth inhibition in 2- and 3 -years-old leaf, respectively, while 21.7% and 25.4% antioxidant activity were also recorded. Furthermore, the GC-MS results showed the domination of S. mahagoni leaf by fatty acids and hydo-carbons, while the terpenoids and steroids were in minor quantities. These components possibly exhibit growth inhibitory and antioxidant effects against P. chrysosporium and DPPH radicals, respectively.

Inorganic Elements of Mangium Stem (Acacia mangium Willd) from Different Provenanc Ganis Lukmandaru; Vendy Eko Prasetyo; Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.2.54-61

This study aimed to investigate the ash content and concentrations of inorganic elements present in the stem of Acacia mangium. The tree samples (24 years) were collected from five different provenances (Sidei, West of Morehead, Daintree, Ellerbeck, and El Arish). Meanwhile, the disc samples were obtained from the trunk of each tree on the lower parts. The samples were collected from four radial positions (bark, sapwood, outer heartwood, inner heartwood), and the ash and insoluble acid contents were determined. Furthermore, the concentration of 5 elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, and Na) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The interaction of provenance and radial position factors affected ash and potassium contents. Also, acid insoluble ash and calcium contents showed a provenance factor effect. The barks obtained from the tree samples contained the highest concentrations of ash content and most of the elements. The wood and bark of El-Arish provenance showed the lowest (0.50~0.72%) and highest levels (4.75%) of ash content respectively. Furthermore, the highest amount of insoluble acid ash (3075 ppm) and calcium (4513 ppm) content was also measured in samples of El-Arish provenance, and radial position factor was a significant source of variation for Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn concentrations. Except Mg, the inner and outer portions of the heartwood mostly showed no significant difference in unprecedented element concentrations. Ash content was positively correlated with Ca in sapwood (r=0.39) and Mn in bark (r=0.54). In addition, moderate correlations were observed between Mg and Ca in heartwood (r=0.63) and bark (r=0.54) tissues. For ash and silica content, the comparatively low concentration on samples from El-Arish provenance are good options to improve wood quality for breeding programs.

Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Lipophilic Compounds from Swietenia mahagoni (l.) Jacq. Leaves Masendra Masendra; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Rizki Arisandi; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.2.62-68

The investigation on the n-hexane lipophilic extractives of Swietenia mahagoni, alongside the antifungal and antioxidant properties was conducted. The leaf sample was collected from 2- and 3-years-old trees in Perhutani enterprise of Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. In addition, the antifungal activity was tested using the white-rot of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, while the antioxidant property involved the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results show antifungal of 28.6% and 37.5% growth inhibition in 2- and 3 -years-old leaf, respectively, while 21.7% and 25.4% antioxidant activity were also recorded. Furthermore, the GC-MS results showed the domination of S. mahagoni leaf by fatty acids and hydo-carbons, while the terpenoids and steroids were in minor quantities. These components possibly exhibit growth inhibitory and antioxidant effects against P. chrysosporium and DPPH radicals, respectively.

Investigation of Flavonoid Extractives and their Contribution to Color of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb Wood Masendra Masendra; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Denny Irawati; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2021): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2021.12.2.53-60

Dalbergia latifolia wood is a beautiful wood with color of dark purple to dark brown and rich in flavonoid compounds. This study aimed to investigate the presence of flavonoid compounds from D. latifolia wood and their contribution to its color. The D. latifolia wood sample was powdered and extracted with ethanol-toluene (1/2, v/v). The ethanol- toluene extract then was column chromatographed to obtain fraction 1 to fraction 12. Methylation was conducted to each fraction to detect flavonoid compounds by GC-MS. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that ethanol- toluene extract gave Fr- 1- Fr. 3 as soluble flavonoids (34.2%) and Fr. 4- Fr. 12 as insoluble polymers (62.6%). Furthermore, 12 flavonoids i.e latifolin, dalbergiphenol, chalcone, dalbergin, and their derivatives were characterised and these compounds might be significance in contributing to color of D. latifolia wood.

Phenolics Content and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dalbergia latifolia leaf ethanolic extract Masendra Masendra; Agus Ngadianto; Ridla Arifriana; Greitta Kusuma Dewi; Eko Prasetyo; Muhammad Rafly Nugraha; Saffana Ahda Labiba; Fatimah Ayu Warahapsari; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2022): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2022.13.2.56-62

Dalbergia latifolia is one of the famous species that naturally grows in Java, Indonesia. The wood of this species is purple in color and the leaf is utilized as forage. The purpose of this study is to determine the bioactivity and phenol contents of D. latifolia leaf ethanolic extract. The antioxidant activity and anti-termite activity were measured through the DPPH method and Neotermes bosei activity. Furthermore, phenol contents were determined through colorimetric method and ethanolic extract constituents were identified by GC-MS. The DPPH inhibition of ethanol extract of D. latifolia leaf exhibited 138.20±2.14 µg/ml. While the measurement of total phenol and total flavonoid content of D. latifolia leaf showed a value of 192.67±9.41 mg GAE/ g and 55.23±5.11 mg QE/ g of dried extract sample. The termiticidal activity of ethanolic extract showed low activity. The GC-MS detection showed fatty acids as dominant compounds. The inhibition of DPPH by D. latifolia leaf ethanol extract in this study suggested this leaf is potent as antioxidant agents.

Investigation of Flavonoid Extractives and their Contribution to Color of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb Wood Masendra Masendra; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Denny Irawati; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2021): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2021.12.2.53-60

Dalbergia latifolia wood is a beautiful wood with color of dark purple to dark brown and rich in flavonoid compounds. This study aimed to investigate the presence of flavonoid compounds from D. latifolia wood and their contribution to its color. The D. latifolia wood sample was powdered and extracted with ethanol-toluene (1/2, v/v). The ethanol- toluene extract then was column chromatographed to obtain fraction 1 to fraction 12. Methylation was conducted to each fraction to detect flavonoid compounds by GC-MS. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that ethanol- toluene extract gave Fr- 1- Fr. 3 as soluble flavonoids (34.2%) and Fr. 4- Fr. 12 as insoluble polymers (62.6%). Furthermore, 12 flavonoids i.e latifolin, dalbergiphenol, chalcone, dalbergin, and their derivatives were characterised and these compounds might be significance in contributing to color of D. latifolia wood.

Phenolics Content and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dalbergia latifolia leaf ethanolic extract Masendra Masendra; Agus Ngadianto; Ridla Arifriana; Greitta Kusuma Dewi; Eko Prasetyo; Muhammad Rafly Nugraha; Saffana Ahda Labiba; Fatimah Ayu Warahapsari; Brandon Aristo Verick Purba; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2022): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2022.13.2.56-62

Dalbergia latifolia is one of the famous species that naturally grows in Java, Indonesia. The wood of this species is purple in color and the leaf is utilized as forage. The purpose of this study is to determine the bioactivity and phenol contents of D. latifolia leaf ethanolic extract. The antioxidant activity and anti-termite activity were measured through the DPPH method and Neotermes bosei activity. Furthermore, phenol contents were determined through colorimetric method and ethanolic extract constituents were identified by GC-MS. The DPPH inhibition of ethanol extract of D. latifolia leaf exhibited 138.20±2.14 µg/ml. While the measurement of total phenol and total flavonoid content of D. latifolia leaf showed a value of 192.67±9.41 mg GAE/ g and 55.23±5.11 mg QE/ g of dried extract sample. The termiticidal activity of ethanolic extract showed low activity. The GC-MS detection showed fatty acids as dominant compounds. The inhibition of DPPH by D. latifolia leaf ethanol extract in this study suggested this leaf is potent as antioxidant agents.

Oleoresin Yield and Gum Rosin Properties from Sulawesi and Sumedang Sub-lines of Pinus merkusii Wood Sheany Citra Sukma Wijaya; Sigit Sunarta; Suryo Hardiwinoto; Daryono Prehaten; Wdiyatno Widiyatno; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2025): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2025.16.1.9-14

Progeny testing can be performed to reach high oleoresin production from Pinus merkusii. This study aimed to determine and compare the oleoresin yields and rosin properties of 15-year-old Pinus merkusii wood of the Sumedang and Sulawesi sub lines from the KPH Banyumas Barat plantation. Tree diameter and oleoresin yield were observed in 20 individual trees of each sub-line. Tree tappings were conducted by the drilling method for three days, which was replicated for five times over a 15-day observation period. Gum rosin samples were obtained from all trees by the hydro-distillation method. The results showed that the tree diameters at breast height and oleoresin yields of the Sumedang sub-line fell in the ranges 22.0–34.2 cm and 10.8 51.2 g/tree/3 days, respectively, whereas those of the Sulawesi sub-line fell within the ranges 19.4–31.2 cm and 11.6–50.4 g/tree/3 days, respectively. Based on t-test results, no significant difference was found between the two sub-lines. The gum rosin yields were 52–79% and 55–78% for the Sumedang and Sulawesi sub-lines, respectively. With regard to rosin properties, the softening point, acid number, saponification value, toluene-insoluble content, and volatile content were 77.80 ± 4.08°C, 189.51 ± 10.51, 216.54 ± 10.51, 0.08 ± 0.11%, and 3.78 ± 3.56%, respectively, for the Sumedang sub-line and 66.35 ± 6.55°C, 78.15 ± 2.92, 189.86 ± 10.68, 208.02 ± 10.50, 0.06 ± 0.11%, and 9.82 ± 2.95%, respectively, for the Sulawesi sub-line. Significant effects of sub-line were only observed in terms of saponification value and volatile content, where the rosin from the Sumedang sub-line had better properties than the rosin from the Sulawesi sub-line. These differences indicate different compositions of chemical components of oleoresin or rosin between sub-lines.

Extractive Content and Antioxidant Activity of Cajuput Bark (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) Bagus Praditya Harliando; Ganis Lukmandaru; Noor Khomsah Kartikawati
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.2.63-68

Both wood and non-wood industries generate large amounts of residues from processes like bark peeling and removal. In the cajuput oil industry, the waste products include distillation residues and cajuput bark. The diverse extractives and chemical components found in cajuput bark have the potential for enhanced value through various applications. This study aimed to determine the chemical components, extractive content (EC), and percentage inhibition of antioxidant activity (%IAA) of cajuput bark extract to explore more effective uses of this byproduct. Cajuput bark (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) was sourced from a 26-year-old cajuput stand in Paliyan, Gunungkidul. The bark powder was extracted using a methanol-water solvent mixture at concentrations of 40% and 80%. Extraction was conducted in water baths at temperatures of 60°C and 100°C for 120 minutes. GC-MS identified several chemical components in the methanol extract of cajuput bark, including sugars (erythritol, D-arabinose, D-lyxose, adonitol, d-galactose, D-glucitol, and L-rhamnose), fatty acids (lactic acid, glycerol, glyceric acid, malic acid, and palmitic acid), and phenolic derivatives (gallic acid and protocatechuic acid). The average extractive content of the methanol extract of cajuput bark was 4.07%, and the percentage inhibition of antioxidant activity was 40.26%.

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