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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Global Medical and Health Communication
Tony S. Djajakusumah
Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Pola Perubahan Transmisi Infeksi HIV di Jawa Barat Periode Tahun 2002–2012 Pratiwi, Ridiani; Djajakusumah, Tony S.; Santosa, Dicky
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung

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Abstrak   Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah  retrovirus yang termasuk golongan virus RNA yang  menginfeksi sel  sistem  kekebalan  tubuh  manusia.  Infeksi  HIV  masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia dan dilaporkan terjadi pola perubahan transmisi infeksi HIV dari tahun ke tahun di negara tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pola perubahan transmisi  infeksi HIV di Jawa Barat pada periode tahun 2002 sampai 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif melalui data tersier berupa laporan pengidap infeksi HIV dan kasus AIDS yang diterima oleh Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota dan Rumah Sakit di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2002 sampai dengan 2012. Penelitian dilakukan selama desember 2013–Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola perubahan transmisi yang terjadi di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2002 sampai dengan tahun 2012. Jumlah kasus infeksi HIV   melalui transmisi homoseksual yaitu 286 kasus, transmisi heteroseksual 1.519 kasus, jarum suntik 1.408 kasus, transmisi ibu ke anak 140 kasus, dan transfusi darah sebanyak 7 kasus. Terjadi perubahan pada tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2012 yaitu peningkatan transmisi heteroseksual menggantikan posisi transmisi pengguna jarum suntik. Keadaan sempat menurunnya transmisi kasus infeksi HIV melalui jarum suntik di Jawa Barat karena penanggulangan pemerintah yang melakukan terapi rumatan metadon.   Peningkatan transmisi   heteroseksual yang  terjadi  dapat  dipengaruhi  oleh faktor norma budaya, maraknya industri prostitusi, status ekonomi, dan pergaulan remaja muda hedonis yang terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat.   Kata kunci: Infeksi HIV, pola perubahan, transmisi     Changes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in West Java Indonesia in Year 2002–2012   Abstract   Human immunodeficiency virus is a class of retrovirus which has RNA carrying its molecular genetic that infects the human immune system cells. HIV infection has become global issue and has reported there has been pattern changes of HIV transmission in a certain country. The aim of the study was to describe and analyze the pattern changes of HIV transmission in West Java, Indonesia in year 2002 to 2012. The study was an observational descriptive study with retrospective approach using tertiary form of HIV infections and AIDS cases report which was accepted by Provincial Health Office of West Java from Health Office of District Municipality and Hospital in West Java in 2002 to 2012. The study was held in December 2013 to July 2014. The results showed there were pattern changes of HIV transmission in West Java in 2002 to 2012. There were 286 cases of HIV infection due to homosexual transmission, 1,519 cases due to heterosexuals, 1,408 cases due to injection drug users, 140 cases due to mother to child transmission, and 7 cases due to blood transfusion. There were pattern changes in 2011 until 2012 that injection drug users transmission replaced by heterosexual transmission which has had the highest number with HIV infection. Decreased of HIV infection rates caused by injection drug users could be caused by government policies to prevent HIV by using methadone therapies. The increased of heterosexual transmission could be caused by culture, prostitution industry, economic status, and hedonic teen promiscuity which has happened in community.   Key words: HIV infection, pattern changes, transmission
A Study of Cytomegalovirus Serology among HIV-Infected Patients in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era Sufiawati, Irna; Widyaputra, Sunardhi; Djajakusumah, Tony S.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common opportunistic viruses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the CMV seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients and investigate the correlation between the CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-cell counts, as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use. Serum samples from 69 HIV-infected patients and 65 HIV-seronegative persons attending Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in March–June 2012 were examined to detect CMV IgG antibody using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that there were no statistically significant differences in the seroprevalence of CMV between HIV-infected (97%) and HIV-seronegative persons (94%). The mean of CMV IgG antibodies titers in HIV-infected patients (335.39+174.87 U/mL) were significantly higher than that of HIV-seronegative persons (240.59+192.76 U/mL). There was no significant correlation between CMV IgG antibody titers and CD4 T-cell counts (the mean was 393.58+209.22 cells/mm3). The titers of CMV IgG antibodies were significantly inversely associated with HAART use. The mean of CMV IgG antibody titers in HIV-infected patients on HAART (335.41+172.98 U/mL) were significantly higher than patients without HAART (204.8+213.91 U/mL). In conclusions, this study confirms a high seroprevalence of CMV among HIV-infected patients. High titers of CMV are inversely associated with HAART use while no correlation with CD4 T-cell counts was found. [MKB. 2013;45(2):112–7]Key words: CD4, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HAART, HIV, IgGStudi Serologi Cytomegalovirus pada Pasien yang Terinfeksi HIV di Era Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyCytomegalovirus (CMV) adalah salah satu virus oportunistik yang paling umum pada pasien yang terinfeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seroprevalensi CMV pada pasien HIV dan meneliti korelasi antara titer antibodi imunoglobulin G (IgG) CMV dan jumlah sel-T cluster diferensiasi 4 (CD4) serta penggunaan highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Sampel serum dari 69 pasien HIV dan 65 HIVseronegatif yang berkunjung ke Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Maret–Juni 2012 diperiksa untuk mendeteksi antibodi IgG CMV dengan immunoassay electro chemiluminescence (ECLIA). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat, t, dan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara seroprevalensi CMV pada pasien HIV (97%) dan HIV-seronegatif (94%). Titer antibodi rata-rata IgG CMV pasien HIV (335,39+174,87 U/mL) signifikan lebih tinggi daripada HIV-seronegatif (240,59+192,76 U/mL). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara titer antibodi IgG CMV dan jumlah sel-T CD4 (rata-rata 393,58+209,22 sel/mm3). Titer antibodi IgG CMV secara signifikan berhubungan terbalik dengan penggunaan HAART. Titer antibodi IgG CMV rata-rata pasien HIV dengan HAART (335,41+172,98 U/mL) signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa HAART (204,8+213,91 U/mL). Simpulan, penelitian ini menegaskan seroprevalensi CMV pasien HIV dan titer antibodi IgG CMV yang tinggi berhubungan terbalik dengan penggunaan HAART tetapi tidak berkorelasi dengan sel-T CD4. [MKB. 2013;45(2):112–7]Kata kunci: CD4, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HAART, HIV, IgG DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n2.114
Co-Authors Dicky Santosa Irna Sufiawati Ridiani Pratiwi, Ridiani Sunardhi Widyaputra