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Carl Sterkens
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Religion Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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PENGARUH NEGARA DAN ORGANISASI KEAGAMAAN PADA KEBIJAKAN SEKOLAH BERBASIS AGAMA Mohamad Yusuf; Carl Sterkens
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 39, No 1 (2013): Majalah Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v39i1.311

Abstract

This paper describes different models of religious education that have been adopted by Islamic, Christian and Hindu schools in Indonesia. We describe the educational goals, teaching methods and curriculum content, as well as the opinions of teachers and headmasters concerning religious education. Moreover, we examine the institutional influence of State and religious communities on religious education in these schools. We selected three areas in which, respectively, Muslims, Christians and Hindus were in the majority. In each area, we selected five secondary schools (Sekolah Menengah Atas or SMA): three schools representing the majority group in the concerning area, and two schools belonging to religious minority groups. We interviewed fifteen headmasters and nineteen teachers of religion. We found that most religiously affiliated schools employ a mono-religious model of religious education. Even though some schools introduce teachings about other religions in their curriculum, the perspective is from their own point of view. The Catholic school in West Java (Christian minority) offers an inter-religious model of religious education. Moreover, we discovered that the State and religious communities influence the policies of religious education at school level in different ways. In Islamic schools, all types of institutional power from both the State and religious communities are responded positively. In Christian schools the influence of the State is less strong than in Islamic schools. In Hindu schools the States regulations are very influential on the policies of religious education.Keywords: Religious Education, Institutional Power, Religious Schools, Headmaster, Teacher
RELIGION AS A SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED COGNITIVE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE An attempt to define religion within the modern context from a social scientific perspective Carl Sterkens
Studia Philosophica et Theologica Vol 7 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Litbang STFT Widya Sasana Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35312/spet.v7i2.103

Abstract

Modernisasi, sekularisasi, dan pluralisme kini telah memproduksi kesadaran akan pluralisme agama-agama dalam societas modern, sebuah kesadaran hebat, lebih hebat dari sebelum-sebelumnya. Kesadaran akan pluralisme memungkinkan pendekatan baru terhadap agama-agama. Artikel ini, dengan beranjak dari teori kultural sebagai sebuah proses sosial pembentukan nilai dalam societas, berminat menyuguhkan studi baru tentang pendekatan agamaagama. Fakta pluralitas komunikasi antarindividu yang berbeda dalam dunia dan tradisi kultural, telah memberikan implikasi-implikasi mengenai cara-cara kita mendefinisikan agama. Secara khusus, halnya terjadi dalam cara-cara bagaimana komunitas menyusun nilai-nilai religius kehidupan mereka.
Co-Authors Mohamad Yusuf