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Khidir Marsanto Prawirosusanto
Departemen Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Religion Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Orang Suku Laut dan Orang Melayu di Kepulauan Riau: Sebuah Tafsir Deskriptif-Etnografis Khidir Marsanto
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 31, No 3 (2010): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This article discusses the cultural history sketch of Orang Suku Laut (the Sea Tribe) and its implications for social relations patterns with the Malays in Riau Islands, Indonesia. Problems arise now in nomadic ethnic tribe when they interacting with the Malays. Many Malays people perceive Orang Suku Laut as a backward or primitive people. This point of view emerged from a long history of Orang Suku Laut in Riau Islands, and at present, the discourse is supported by the government which resettled them from the sea to the land as part of the modernization of disadvantaged areas in the New Order era. This government label to them was later influenced the Malays perception. Moreover, negative assumption also appears along with the cultural identity differences between both of the tribes, of which the Malays condense with Islamic tradition, while Orang Suku Laut doesn’t. At this situation, thus the identity of Orang Suku Laut is staked within socio-cultural dispute or contestation (the attraction process) among themselves in practicing their everyday lives.
Ekshibisi, Kekuasaan, dan Identitas: Tafsir atas Politik Representasi Tiga Museum di Yogyakarta Khidir Marsanto
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 33, No 1 (2012): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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This article will clarify political representation of exhibition at Ullèn Sentalu Museum, Monumen Jogja Kembali, and Affandi Museum. These three museums are considered as proponent of Yogyakarta’s identity as the central of Javanese culture, struggle city, and the barometer of Indonesian fine art. The issue then, is it true that in the exhibitions’ at the three museums are appropriate with the identity of Yogyakarta, or in the contrary, the exhibitions have no correlation with this city’s identity discourse. There is a possibility that museum precisely bringing self-interest for specific purposes. Therefore, this paper needs to observe how the exhibitions at these museums were implemented. Through interpretive approach, the exhibition at the museum may be analogous similar with language phenomenon, and hence museum is considered as text that can be read and interpreted. Exhibition at the museum was developed within framework of thoughts (ideology), motives, and specific discourses, which all of these are articulated through a set of symbols (collection), that arranged with special layout procedure (display procedure). Thus, museum becomes ‘political’ since, in this perspective, museum has power over the formation of discourse through their exhibition. Keywords: museum critics, museum politics, political representation, hermeneutic anthropology, display interpretation.
Kolektif sebagai Institusi Kebudayaan Alternatif di Perkotaan Jawa: Telaah Infrastruktur Sosial Khidir Marsanto Prawirosusanto
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 40, No 2 (2019): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Collectives as a non-formal cultural institution began to emerge and widespread at around the 1998 Reformation. As a new form of cultural movement in Yogyakarta, collectives were different to formal cultural institutions, such as museums and art galleries, which mostly depend on financial support from the government, corporation, or some individual patrons. This article discusses the contemporary cultural organization domain with the case of collectives based in Yogyakarta. Some groups with characteristics of collectives were initiated in the urban sphere and run by young people. We comprehend this activism of collectives as a ‘cultural acts’ (laku budaya)—they ran various cultural activities continuously in fine arts, visual arts, music, food issues, and the practices of ‘knowledge production.’ Cultural acts collectivism could be identified through their creative and liberatory works oriented toward the creation of art works and/or critical publications. Their works were experimental and frequently expressed through various mediums. Likewise, the spaces they used were generally not tied to a strict administrative framework as in various formal cultural institutions. This ethnography intends to present the history and dynamics of the collectives of cultural acts in Yogyakarta, both as a group and individuals, which stood on the spirit to represent alternative ideas, resistance, and liberation as the basis to their values. In addition, it also discusses how the collectives of cultural acts took tactical means through social, cultural, and political functions to promote their values to the public.
ORANG LAUT, PERMUKIMAN, DAN KEKERASAN INFRASTRUKTUR Khidir Marsanto Prawirosusanto
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 41, No 2 (2015): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v41i2.252

Abstract

Artikel ini mendiskusikan hubungan Orang Laut di Kepulauan Riau dengan pembangunan infrastruktur dalam program pemukiman suku-suku terasing oleh pemerintah Orde Baru. Melalui perspektif governmentality, kita dapat melakukan refleksi historis dan etnografis. Pada satu pihak, ketersediaan permukiman adalah ihwal bagaimana pemerintah mewujudkan angan-angan kemajuan suatu bangsa di segala lini kehidupan warganya. Pada pihak lain, hal ini memantik sederet persoalan sosial dan kultural dalam kehidupan Orang Laut sebagai komunitas pengembara laut. Dengan adanya program pemukiman, Orang Laut justru terjerumus ke dalam kondisi kemiskinan, ketergantungan, kerentanan, dan ketersingkiran. Sejumlah konsekuensi negatif inilah yang disebut sebagai kekerasan infrastruktur (infrastructural violence). Akar dari sejumlah konsekuensi negatif tersebut terletak pada kekeliruan pemahaman pemerintah mengenai kebudayaan masyarakat berbasis laut yang amat bias dengan perspektif masyarakat berbasis darat. Kebijakan yang dilahirkan untuk menangani masalah-masalah masyarakat kelautan pun pada akhirnya meleset.Kata kunci: Orang Laut, governmentality, program pemukiman, infrastruktur, kekerasan, budaya kelautan.
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