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Perubahan Hirarki Kota Menengah Di Pulau Jawa Su Ritohardoyo; Rafeal Murtomo
Majalah Geografi Indonesia Vol 6, No 9 (1992): Majalah Geografi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penulisan hti merupakan basil perrelitian perubaharr hirarki kola di whirr& pilau lawn dari Minor 1930-1990. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji besarrrya peringkat perubahan hirarki kola alas dasar jurnialr penduduk, dart menghitung peringkat kola alas dasar inns lahan perkotatur taint?! 1980. Disamping itu penelitian bertujnan menghitung Inns lalran perkotaan tairun 1990. Penelitian ini dilakukan &organ menggimakan analisis data sekunder, &Nut,' dengan teknikanalisis data statistik. Hasil perrelitian menunjukkan balrwa pencrapan konsep peringkat (hirarki) wilayah perkotaan menurut Zipf, di Indonesia (terutama di lawn) secara minim tidak scsuai lagi. Ketidnicsesunian sebagni akibat adanya kecerrderungan di be.berapa wilayah perkotaan memiliki purdah penduduk yang hampir santa, kecuali di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata antara peringkat wilayah perkotaan daerah kota madya, dengan wilayah perkotaan di daerah kabupaten. Besarnya peringkat wilayah perkotaan menurut luas lahan kota tidak memiliki perbedaab yang nyata, dengan peringkat wilayah perkotaan menurut jumlah penduduk perkotaan. Secara umum dapat dikemukakan bahwa makin tinggi peringkat perkotaan menurut jumlah penduduk, maka makin tinggi pula peringkat perkotaan menurut luas lahan kotanya. Walaupun pengaruh laju pertumbuhan penduduk (baik dalam jiwa maupun rumah tangga) terhadap perubahan peringkat wilayah perkotaan di setiap kota di Jawa tidak cukup kuat, tetapi laju pertumbuhan rumah tangga lebih tinggi, dari pada pengaruh pertumbuhan penduduk dalam jumlah jiwa. Perkembangan penduduk perkotaan di Jawa, pada dasarnya mencerminkan perkembangan wilayah perkotaan setiap kota di Jawa. Walaupun tidak menampakkan pola yang jelas, perubahan peringkat wilayah perkotaan selama tahun 1980-1990, menunjukkan perkembangan wilayah perkotaan dipantai Utara Jawa.

Resiliensi Masyarakat Penghuni Sempadan Sungai Madiun Dalam Menghadapi Banjir Adip Wahyudi; Su Ritohardoyo; Agus Joko Pitoyo
Geo Media: Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian Vol 18, No 2 (2020): Geo Media: Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/gm.v18i2.32339

Masyarakat penghuni sempadan Sungai Madiun memiliki tingkat risiko yang tinggi terhadap bencana banjir, hal ini disebabkan mereka tinggal di sempadan sungai. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif terhadap data hasil wawancara dan observasi. Variabel untuk menilai resiliensi meliputi modal alam, modal fisik, modal sumberdaya manusia, modal sosial dan modal finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat mempunyai resiliensi yang tinggi dalam menghadapi bencana banjir. Dari lima variabel yang dilakukan pengujian, modal sosial dan modal sumber daya manusia mempunyai nilai yang tinggi dengan persentase 86% dan 84,8% dalam membentuk resiliensi masyarakat penghuni sempadan Sungai Madiun dalam menghadapi bencana banjir. tingginya nilai tersebut dipengaruhi oleh budaya gotong royong dalam membantu korban bencana bajir. Selain itu, pengetahuan dan persepsi masyarakat tentang banjir membentuk suatu karakter masyarakat yang tangguh menghadapi bencana. Dengan demikian, dalam penanggulangan bencana banjir di Sungai Madiun maka perlu upaya untuk peningkatan modal fisik, dan finansial masyarakat.

Utilization of Tidal Land of The Wonogiri Reservoir Su Ritohardoyo
Forum Geografi Vol 13, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v13i1.464

Management of water dam often failures due to the limited attention to the socio-economic activities of the local population. This research is conerned with agricultural land utilization practiced by the local inhabitants in the vicinity of the dam. Special attention is devoted to characteristics and motivation of the farming households, the way in which lands are utilized, as well as the contribution of the activities to the welfare of the households. The research combines secondary data analysis and a household survey. Primary data are collected via a household survey covering a sample of 150 households cultivating the draw down land of the dam. These households are taken by a simple random sampling, representing some 5,890 hhouseholds living in the vicinity of the dam. Data analysis are executed using various statistical techniques in order to test differences and correlation.The study reveals that the tidal areas of the Wonogiri Dam fluctuate from 1,300 to 6,400 hectares, within 1 to 7 moths period per annum. The cultivator of the tidal area consist of the farmer inhabitants of the dam prior to the construction (81,3 percent) and inhabitants of the surrounding areas of the dam and new omers from other areas (18,7 percent). These farming households are pushed to cultivate these lands due to limited control over land resources in their areas of origin ( averaged 1,057 m2). Variations in the areas of origin and motivation in utilizing of the lands do not lead to significant differences in the size of land cultivated in the tidal areas. Most of these lands are devoted to ultivate rice as staple food (1,470 m2), rather than to cultivate cash crops (palawija) (1,118 m2). Farming techniques employed in these areas are much more simple than those prior to the construction of the dam or those elsewhere at present in the district. The most important factor affecting incomes in this activity is the amount of capital cost spent. These incomes comprises some 60 percent of the farming households.

The Distribution of Rural Settlement Environmental Quality (Case at Bantul, DIY) Su Ritohardoyo
Forum Geografi Vol 11, No 2 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v11i2.492

The housing environment problem is the inreased population and housing density in certain areas, as a consequence of the high population growth rate. This situation has brought about the unavailability of the existing public facilities. Such as the evironmental problem is also faced by Bantul regency. Starting from those stated environment problems, this study has in phased its general objectives on to comprehend the variation of housing environmental quality within various topographical, and to comprehend environment factors influencing the housing environmental quality within various topographial background.this study employs so-called sampling technique. Area sampling is carried out aording to topographical condition. Ten villages are randomly selected representing the sampling areas. The number of respondent is 300 households, selected proportionally based on the area stratification. Primary data is collected direct communication with informants are key persons. Data analysis employed simple correlation technique, multiple regression analysis, and one way variance analysis. The study reveals that differences in topographical characteristics are strongly associated with the differences in the quality of housing environment. The level of village development is also the main variable determining the quality of housing environment. A significant different of housing environment quality both among various topographical zones and various level of village development is reported. The achievement of programs oriented to village environment improvement is varying according to the distribution of village on the topographical zone. A greater success is commonly achieved by villages located in the upland and low land than those in the hilly areas. The social-economic condition of the dwellers is determining the quality of housing environment. Nevertheless, differences in the contribution of various variables to housing environment are encountered. In the whole areas, whether it is lowland, hilly or uplands areas, the family inome to be the first important facctor determining the housing environment quality.

Potential Landuse and Food Production in Watershed Progo Su Ritohardoyo
Forum Geografi Vol 12, No 1 (1998)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v12i1.483

This paper is an outcome of research concerning spatial differences in forms and coverage of land use in the Progo River Basin. At present the watershed is facing the problem of land use changes from agricultural to non-agriultural ones, leading to the situation of decreasing staple foods. This research is aimed at studying regional variation in the potentials of the research area of the production of staple foods according toland use forms and coverage. Informastion on land use forms and coverage are obtained from the statistical record issued by the Statistical Office of Central Java province and Yogyakarta Speial Provine. As the productivity data on every land use forms are not readily available, the assement on the regional potential is executed on the basis of land use intensity and its apability to produce staple foods. The research reveals that the greatest portion (59 %) of lands in 54 subdistrict in the watershed are highly potential for staple foods production and the rest (41 %) are not potential to moderately potential for staple foods production purpose. The potential for staple foods production in the upper part of the Progo river basin are higher than that in lower part ones. The presence on irrigated land is not always highly potential for staple food production. Although the availability of irrigation water is strongly decisive factor for food prodution (r = 0.661 significant at 99.99 percent), but the presence of built up areas are strongly dictated the potential for food production (r = -0,787 significant at 99.99 percent). The research further shows that the higher the potential for food production, the higher population size (r = 0.791) significant at 99.99 percent). In general it can be concluded that 1) the potentials for food production are determined by the available of irrigation water and the size of the built areas, and 2) the number of population is dictated by the presence of water and potentials for food production.

The Role of Sand and Stone Mining to Increase Family Income in Progo Catchment Su Ritohardoyo
Forum Geografi Vol 17, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v17i1.588

The conzequence low income of the farmer household in agricultural sector is the increase in their activities as miner of sand and stone. It means for increasing of their household income. However, how important mining role on the increasing of household income has to be studied in deeply. The factual problem is the base for research aims, with the spesific stress on studying socio-economic characteristic of sand and stone miner, and the contribution of the mining income to household income. This research was carried out in Progo catchment area, Yogyakarta Special Region. Survey method was employed by data collecting from respondents. The respondents are head of households (HH) working as sand and stone miner. Sampling technique was proportionally simple random sampling in which 120 HH was taken as respondents sample. They were representatives of upper part, middle part, and lower part of Progo catchments area. Data on socio-economic structure of the household and household income were collected by mean of structured interview. Data analysis was performed through descriptive technique in which frequencies and cross tabulation varians statistic, and multiple regression analysis were mostly used. The research shows that there are relatively similarities on socio-economic characteristic of sand and stone miners, between at lower part, middle part with upper part of Progo catchments area. This existing of sand and stone mining employs about 70% labours are local miners and 30% labours came from out of the area. Landless farmers who land own less than 500 m2 characterize them. The most of them are male, withlow formal education, and as small family (4 people evey HH). Some of them have been as sand and stone miners for more than 4 years. Generally, they work less than 8 hours for mining every day. This research is also finding that the income of the sand and stone miners are seasonal. The averages of mining income on dry season (Rp 571,880 per month) are higher than on wet season (Rp 365,620 per month). The most important factor affecting income in this activity is the working hours spent. In average, the miner’s monthly income is Rp 468,760 is much higher than minimum level of basic need in Yogyakarta Special Region (Rp 328,750 per month). It means that sand and stone miner as a second occupation besides as a farmer increases household income be capable to satisfy the need of household economy. In general, it can be concluded that the activity has an important role on the increasing of household income.

Public Participation in Reforestation (Case at Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province) Su Ritohardoyo; B S Prakosa
Forum Geografi Vol 16, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v16i2.607

Popular participation is a determinant indicator of reforestation. The important of it is due to the fact, that the people who will take the conservation innovation, adopt the technology, and bear the impact of conservation. However, there are many cases indicate the failure of reforestation project because of low popular participation. In this regard, this research is conducted to expose spatially the people knowledge, perception, and participation on reforestation. This research is carried out in the Gunungkidul district employing survey method primary data is collected from 180 rspondents are households who as participant of reforestation project, and household who are classified as self sufficient. The respondent sample is selected on the basis of stratified random sampling, according to physiography and the existing of forestation programme of the area. Three villages sample selected in this research are 1) Tegalrejo, in the physiography of Baturagung Range; 2) Gedangrejo, in the physiography of Wonosari Plateau; 3) Banjarejo, in the physiography of Gunungsewu Mountain. The measurement of people knowledge, perception, and participation on reforestation is performed through Likert Scale technique. Data analysis makes use of tabulation statistic technique espeially t test, variance, and rank correlation.The result of research shows that most people gain the reforestation knowledge from Foresty Extension Service or RLKT, whereas the knowledge of the larger part of self sufficient household comes from village officers. Though the category of their degree of knowledge are high, however there are quiet different according to physiography area. This fact determines the level of popular participation in the perspective physiography unit. It means that the higher the degree of knowledge on reforestation leads to the higher the perception on forestation. Moreover, the different in physiography of the area, or participation in the project determines also the difference in perception. The degree of popular participation on self sufficient reforestation or reforestation project is high. Popular participation is varied to either physiography condition or among participant of reforestation project. Participation of participant of reforestation project is higher than participation of self sufficient group. The difference in the involvement of every reforestation of ativities (planning, implementation, and the use of out come) is a direct consequence of the different in physical as well as socio – economic condition of the community. Physical constraints of up land area, and low level of socio – economic condition, have stimulated popular participation on reforestation. In addition, the level of popular participation is very much influenced by knowledge on reforestation and perception on reforestation. This means that, the higher the knowledge of farmer on implementation and utilization of reforestation and the higher the farmer perception on reforestation programme, then the higher the level of farmer participation on reforestation in eah different physiography.

Occupation Change of Farmer to Fishermen: A case in Coastal Rural Area in Gunungkidul District Su Ritohardoyo
Forum Geografi Vol 16, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v16i1.411

Utilization of marine resource is one of type of farmer coping with critical land in coastal 47% The consequence of this, is the change in their occupation status from the farmer to ﬁsherman However the change does not always mains that their poverty status may also changes. This factual problem is the base for research objectives, with the main emphasis on understanding farmer motives of changing occupation to fisherman, process variation of occupation change, and the impact of this process to household incomeThe research was carried out in six coastal village of Gunungkidul Distric. Survey method was employed by collecting data from respondents. The population of respondents amounted to 341 households (HH) working as ﬁsherman Sampling technique was proportionally simple random in which 120 HH was taken as mpondents sample. They were representazivis of Kanigoro, Pucung, Kemadang, Ngestiharjo, Sidoharjo, and Purwodadi villages. Data on socio economic structure of the household, the process of occupation change, and household income were collected by mean of structured interview. Data analysis was performed through descriptive technique in which frequencies and cross tabulation were mostly used.The research results indicate that the motive of local farmer to become fisherman are various, but the main motive (81,7%) to increase household income. The major cause of this is physical environment pressure of the area (ie. critical land and backward village). This leads ﬁirmer to low level of accissebility to socio-economic inﬁasructure, and low level of economic status or very poor category. The majority of farmer (58,3%) carried out transitional occupation beﬁare becoming ﬁsherman. This encompass activities as ﬁshing or collecting sea shell and lsea algaemn the sea front Intermediary activitis being perﬁmned a form of adaptation to marine environment (sea water) from agricultural land environment. This means that most farmers search and gain skill and experiences related to fishery. Occupation change from farmer to ﬁsherman has significant impact in the betterment of income. In average, the ﬁsherman monthly income is Rp 531,375 which is much higher than the minimum level of basic need in Yogyakarta Povince (Rp 266,870.). In the other word the occupation change from farmer to ﬁsherman driven by motive to increasses household income is proven to be capable to statisfy the need if household economy.

New Settlement Areas at Forbiden Zone of Merapi Volcano (Case at Srumbung, Magelang) Su Ritohardoyo
Forum Geografi Vol 14, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v14i2.444

One of the chronicle problem in the disaster control of volcano eruption is the resettlement of relocated or transmigrated people to prohibitive region of the volcano. The more serious problem is happened when some of the labourers sand and stone mining living in those prohibitive region. Starting from those stated sttlement problem, this research aims at exposing the change, process, and continuity of setlement in the prohibitive region. This study employs so called sampling technique. Quota sampling is carried out according to village type. Two agricultural and mining village types in the prohibitive region are selected representing the sampling areas, encompassed administrative divisions of Srumbung subdistrict. The number of respondents are 60 households, selected unproportionally based on the village type. Primary data is collected diret communication with informants are key persons. Data analysis employs frequenccy and cross tabulation, and t test analysis. The study reveals that settlement changes in prohibitive region of Merapi vulcano has been fluctuatively recorded since 1006 based on the strength of Merapi vulcano eruption. However intensively settlement changes as an impact of the Merapi vulcano eruption have been recorded sine 1930 up to 1975 followed by more than 1742 people be dead as a victims and environment deterioration. The eruptions in 1954 and 1969 have resulted in drastically changes of physical and administrative condition village of Kaligesik and Gimal. At least 9 hamlets in both villages have been destroyed by ‘nue ardente’ and cold lava. Those eruptions have than change the administrative status of villages to be. Resettlement process within two hamlets in prohibitive region have taken place due to differences in origin area of the shelter, motivation to settle, and settlement pattern. Those two settle in mining villages are mining are mining labourer and mostly comes from outer subdistricts or districts, whereas those who stay in agriculture village are local people. The latter mostly joined transmigration program, which are supposed to stay in outer islands. A part from origin area, the difference of two settlers is also indicated by motivation. Economic motives are more dominant for those who settle in mining village than those who settle in agriculture village. The latter tend to have social motives to stay. The difference in settlement pattern between the vilages lays in ‘intermediary settlement’. This means that mining settlers have previously stayed in transmigration area. The duration to stay is between 15 to 20 years as compared to mining settlers whose duration to stay are between 5 to 10 years. Although the average household monthly inome in the respective two vilages is relatif the same (i.e. Rp 323,366 in Kaligesik and Rp 335,557 in Sumberejo), the physical condition of housing in Sumberejo look a little better than in Kaligesik. Despite the respective differences, people in the two villages tend to stay permanently. This means that the effort to vacant these prohibitive region will become more difficult.

The Utilization of Rawa Pening Swamp Area for Fisheries Su Ritohardoyo; Alip Sontosudarmo
Forum Geografi Vol 11, No 1 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v11i1.499

This article concern with the impact of the fishery ‘karamba’ system on socio-economics of fishermen in the Rawa Pening Environs. The aim of the study is to appraise the activities of fishery ‘karamba’ system. In the relationship with loccal fishermen income, and labor force employment. To some extent, the research is directed to study on income differentation based on job status as fishermen and ‘karamba’ farmers. Differentation of tools kinds for fishing, and seasonal variation. Survey method is employed in this research, whether it is for karamba farmer or local fishermen. Respondent number about 187 consists of 139 fishermen, 28 ‘karamba’ labors, and 20 ‘karamba’ farmers. Technical of tabulation and ‘t’ test statistical use for data analysis.The research shows that fishery ‘karamba’ system so much decreases on the activities, number of facilities, and it fish production. Decreasing of those are mainly caused by uncontrolled growth of ‘eceng gondok’ (Eichornia crassipes), capital constrain, and security constraint especially stealing of fish production. The existing of fishery ‘karamba’ system employs 68,00% labors are local fishermen, and 32,00% are not fishermen come from other areas. Viewed by the job opportunities most of part contribute ‘karamba’ farmers (55%) who ome from out of the area, and 45% ‘karamba’ farmer are local people. Really affect of the fishery ‘karamba’ system to the local fishermen is decreasing of fish production. Fish production of local fishermen has been lower since fishery ‘karamba’ system be carried out in this lake. Though the fish production of fishery ‘karamba’ system decreases, however income average of the ‘karamba’ farmer is higher (Rp 1,849,000/annum) than the income average of local fishermen. The average of fishermen income who using fish grasper is higher (Rp 1,401,000/annum) than the average of fishermen income who using fish trap (Rp 1,21,000/unnum) and who using fish grasper and fish trap (Rp 1,349,000/annum). Nevertheless the average of fishermen’s income is higher than ‘karamba’s’ labor (Rp 897,000). This research is also finding wether it is average production or income of the ‘karamba’ farmer are not seasonal, and those are quite difference with local fishermen. The average of fish production on dry season (825 kg) are higher than on wet season (625 kg). Therefore, the average of income on dry season are higher than that on wet season.

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