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TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH SNAKE AND LADDER BOARD GAME IN THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG Dita Fitriana; Rahmawati Khadijah Maro
Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/celtic.v3i1.7861

Abstract

Vocabulary is the language resource, students have to know vocabularies to produce sentences. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out whether snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery or not. The subject analyzed in this research were the tenth grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah I. The experimental group was X-IPS-I while the control group was X-IPS-II.This study employed quantitative research design. This design was selected due to this present study was required a concrete evidence whether Snake and Ladder Board Game could enhance students’ vocabulary mastery in senior high school or not. In this study the instruments used were pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The pre-test was given to both experimental and control group. After the pre-test was given to both groups, then the experimental group was treated or taught by using snake and ladder board game, while the control group was not treated by using snake and ladder board game. After that, the post-test was also given to both experimental and control group. The researcher used t-test to know the significant difference between the mean score of the experimental and control group. The process of t-test was counted using computer SPSS 17 version.The result of this study was shown that snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery due to the score of pre-test in control group was higher than the pre-test score of experimental group. Otherwise, the post-test score of experimental group was higher than the control group. Accordingly, related to the result of this experimental research, the researcher concludes that snake and ladder board game can improve students’ vocabulary mastery in the first year students of senior high school.
Formulation of a 2-in-1 Conditioner-Shampoo Containing Morus nigra Ethanolic Extract with Surfactant Combination Octrysa Puspajelita; Tasya Alfina Lestari; Dita Fitriana; Lutfiah Lutfiah; Muhammad Agung Fauzi; Safira Nafisa
Journal of Natural Product for Degenerative Diseases Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): JNPDD September
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58511/jnpdd.v3i1.8390

Abstract

Black mulberry (Morus nigra) is rich in flavonoids and anthocyanins with antioxidant and conditioning properties that can improve hair health. However, its incorporation into a stable 2-in-1 conditioner-shampoo formulation remains limited. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability of conditioner-shampoo preparations containing M. nigra ethanolic extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% w/w using sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) as surfactant bases. Each formulation was prepared by gradual mixing of aqueous and surfactant phases, followed by the addition of conditioning agents and active extract. Physical characteristics—including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, foam height, and viscosity—were evaluated before and after six cycles of a stability test at 4 °C and 40 °C. All formulas exhibited homogeneous brown appearance with peppermint aroma and acceptable foam stability. The initial pH decreased with increasing extract concentration (F1 = 6.74; F2 = 5.95; F3 = 3.97) and slightly decreased after cycling (F1 = 6.21; F2 = 5.84; F3 = 3.61). Viscosity values ranged from 44,000 to 70,000 mPas and decreased after temperature cycling, whereas foam height remained within acceptable limits (≈ 1.5–2.3 cm). Among the tested formulations, F2 (10% extract) showed the most balanced properties in terms of pH, viscosity, and foam stability. In conclusion, a 10% M. nigra ethanolic extract conditioner-shampoo demonstrated good physical stability and potential as a natural antioxidant and conditioning hair-care product.