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Journal : Buletin PSP

MANE’E: INDIGENOUS CORAL REEF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NANUSA ISLANDS, NORTH SULAWESI Emil Reppie; Ivor L. Labaro; A. T.R. Telleng
Buletin PSP Vol. 16 No. 3 (2007): Buletin PSP
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

Mane’e adalah salah satu bentuk pengelolaan tradisional tentang perikanan karang yang masih dipegang teguh oleh masyarakat di Kepulauan Nanusa, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Mane’e mengandung arti pernyataan kesepakatan dari masyarakat setempat untuk mempersiapkan alat tangkap ikan dan pengoperasiannya secara bersama-sama pada waktu dan lokasi tertentu. Mane’e itu sendiri sangat terikat dengan hukum adat yang di sebut Eha’, yaitu larangan bagi semua orang untuk tidak mengeksploitasi sumberdaya alam pada suatu periode waktu tertentu (biasanya melalui penutupan daerah dan musim penangkapan ikan); kemudian tidak mengijinkan siapapun untuk memasuki pantai dan perairan terumbu karangnya selama satu tahun. Eha’ ditetapkan oleh lembaga adat lokal bersama-sama dengan pemerintah setempat dan lembaga keagamaan.Alat tangkap ikan secara tradisional terbuat dari tumbuhan perambat (seperti akar) yang banyak tumbuh di hutan Kepulauan Nanusa, yang disambung-sambung membentuk tali sepanjang 3000 – 5000 m; dimana pada setiap jarak 10 cm diikatkan janur daun kelapa. Alat tangkap dipasang melingkar pada rataan terumbu yang merupakan lokasi mane’e, dengan kapal kayu pada pagi hari saat pasang tinggi. Para penyelam dengan jarak tertentu mengikuti tali dan menggiring gerombolan ikan perlahan-lahan ke pusat lagoon ketika air sedang bergerak surut. Hasil tangkapan umumnya terdiri dari ikan-ikan karang.Beberapa petanyaan penting yang muncul dari penelitian ini dan perlu jawaban pada kegiatan penelitian berikutnya adalah: Mengapa sejumlah besar ikan-ikan karang dapat ditangkap dengan mudah hanya dengan menggunaka tali yang terbuat dari tumbuhan perambat? Taxis apa yang menuntun ikan-ikan berkumpul dan tidak meloloskan diri? Faktor-faktor lingkungan apa saja yang mempengaruhinya?
FORMASI VORTEX CURRENT PADA MODEL TERUMBU BUATAN Emil Reppie; Daniel R. Monintja; M. Fedi A. Sondita; Indra Jaya; Victor P.H. Nikijuluw
Buletin PSP Vol. 15 No. 3 (2006): Buletin PSP
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

The present of an artificial reef on sea floor may lead to the creation of a vortex current or wake zone, and eddies on the downstream side of the reef. This wake zone could attract fish by providing shelter; turbulence at the edge of wake zone would attract pelagic species; and upwelled current and sediments or nutrients might also benefit certain pelagic species. However, there presently are insufficient data to suggest a universally valid relationship between habitat enhancement and the flow-reef-sediment interaction. The creation of vortex current on the sea bottom is difficult to observe, so it is usually conducted in a scaled-down experiment. This study was to determine the vortex current formation on the reef model and observed the response of fish samples at the different current velocities. A cubic reef type (12.5 cm) was placed in a water circulating tank. The measurement was made by running black colored particles; and the boundaries of downstream flow were determine by tracking the movement of each particle. Vortex current was clearly observed behind the reef model at the current velocity of about 34.75 cm/sec; and the fish tend to concentrate at the center or behind the reef model; but current weakens or vortex current disappear, fish were scattered.
STRUKTUR ASOSIASI SPESIES TARGET PADA TERUMBU KARANG BUATAN di PERAIRAN SELAT BANGKA, KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA Emil Reppie; Daniel R. Monintja; M. Fedi A. Sondita; Indra Jaya; Victor P.H. Nikijuluw
Buletin PSP Vol. 15 No. 2 (2006): Buletin PSP
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

Artificial reefs exhibit significant potential as an instrument in rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems or at least as an alternative to decrease the harvesting pressure on natural reefs by creating new fishing grounds. However, their utilization as reef fishing grounds in practice, may not be optimal without significant support of protected nursery ground reefs. This research was done to study the effectiveness of some artificial reef designs as nursery ground of target species. Three types of reinforced concrete block reef designs were chosen and constructed, they were cube, trapezium and combination in shapes; 0.5 m2 in total volume each; and a unit of patch reef used in comparison. The results show that natural reef still dominated the abundance of total individual species observed; but in the term of fish biomass showed that combination design more abundance than natural reef and the other two reef designs. This result indicated that reef designs (which have been constructed), in an optimal circumstance exhibit a significant potential as a nursery ground of coral fishes.