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All Journal Kesmas Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Al-Buhuts (e-journal) Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik
Muhdar Muhdar
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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Effect of Health Education on Knowledge Levels and Attitudes of Pregnant Women About Early Breastfeeding Initiation grace tedy tulak; Muhdar Muhdar; Anik Winarni
Kesmas Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Kesmas Indonesia
Publisher : Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ki.2020.12.2.2031

Abstract

Inisiasi menyusu dini (early initiation breastfeeding) adalah proses menyusu sendiri, minimal satu jam pada bayi baru lahir. Ibu dapat melakukan inisiasi menyusu dini dengan baik jika dibekali dengan pengetahuan dan mempunyai sikap yang positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wara Utara Kota, Kota Palopo Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental, desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental design: one group pre test and post test design. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 34 orang dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pada pre test tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang Inisiasi Menyusu Dini yaitu 1,41 sedangkan nilai rata-rata post test tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang Inisiasi Menyusu Dini yaitu 1,74 dan didapatkan probabilitas sebesar 0,001, menunjukkan 0,001 < 0,05. Maka Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata pada pre test sikap ibu hamil tentang Inisiasi Menyusu Dini yaitu 1,35 sedangkan nilai rata-rata post test sikap ibu hamil tentang Inisiasi Menyusu Dini yaitu 1,82 dan didapatkan probabilitas sebesar 0,000, menunjukkan 0,000 < 0,05. Berdasarkan nilai selisih dan hasil analisis, hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang Inisiasi Menyusu Dini di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wara Utara Kota, Kota Palopo Tahun 2018.
Empirical Study Of The Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Literature Review Muhdar Muhdar
Al-Buhuts Vol. 14 No. 01 (2018): Al-Buhuts
Publisher : Institute Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.745 KB) | DOI: 10.30603/ab.v14i01.414

Abstract

Banyak yang telah menulis teori kepemimpinan dan organizational citizenship behavior, bahkan mencoba menghubungkan antara keduanya dalam bentuk penelitian empiris. Hal ini menandakan bahwa pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang kepemimpinan dan organizational citizenship behavior terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Dalam lingkungan yang kompetitif yang tinggi saat ini, di mana organisasi mencari orang-orang yang dapat membantu mereka dalam mencapai keunggulan kompetitif, orang-orang yang berperilaku OCB dapat membantu mereka. OCB penting bagi fungsi efektif dari sebuah organisasi karena tujuan utamanya adalah untuk membuat semua karyawan bekerja untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dari menyelesaikan tugas-tugas mereka. Hal ini didefinisikan sebagai perilaku individu yang diskresioner. Diskresioner artinya perilaku individu yang bukan hanya melaksanakan perannya (in-role) tetapi juga diluar perannya (extra-role). Karena itu, perlu penerapan kepemimpinan yang efektif untuk memfungsikan OCB. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan mendokumentasikan beberapa penelitian empiris hubungan antara kepemimpinan dengan organizational citizenship behavior. Dengan metode penulisan kajian literatur dari beberapa penelitian empirik ditemukan pengaruh positif yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Gaya kepemimpinan seperti transformasional, transaksional, kharismatik, otoritas, etis dan melayani secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Namun kepemimpinan trasformsional dan melayani tidak semua peneliti menemukan hasil yang sama. Hasil ini mengindikasikan semakin efektif kepemimpinan oleh pemimpin maka semakin baik OCB karyawan, akibatnya efektivitas dan produktivitas organisasi juga lebih baik.
Keadilan Ekonomi di Tinjauan Kesempatan Kerja dan Pengangguran Muhdar Muhdar
Al-Buhuts Vol. 12 No. 1 (2016): Al-Buhuts
Publisher : Institute Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (831.815 KB)

Abstract

The economic fairness a country happen, if the needs of all citizens are met. However, that requirement would be difficult to achieve if unemployment is still going on. Unemployment can be a devastating impact on the economy as well as individuals and society that should be addressed in accordance with the types of unemployment such as the type of frictional unemployment, structural,and cyclical. To overcome this problem, first, the government needs to implement fiscal policy by adjusting spending and taxes by the government with the aim to boost aggregate demand so that domestic output and employment increased. Second, the government needs to implement monetary policy by increasing the money supply to lower interest rates and increase the aggregate demand for products and services produced. Besides, it also provides enough jobs to all existing labor force; increase the availability of job information and qualifications needed working world; to provide guidance to the labor force; balancing rules on employment opportunities; avoid discriminatory the use of labor and promotion of based on race or gender; designing of training program to improve the skills and work experience for unemployed the labor force is structurally; the government directly of hired and trained unemployed in the long term structural; provides wage subsidies or tax reductions directly; pay directly or cut taxes to be paid companies that employ groups particularly unfavorable. Wisdom from the supply side; deliberate action by the government to increase the supply of labor, savings and investments to reduce the cost of producing goods and services that aggregate supply curve moves to right. The government directly employing people who are not able to get a job.
Perekonomian Nasional Dan Internasional Dalam Kerangka Agregat Demand Dan Supply (Perspektif Teori) Muhdar Muhdar
Al-Buhuts Vol. 14 No. 02 (2018): Al-Buhuts
Publisher : Institute Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (656.307 KB) | DOI: 10.30603/ab.v14i02.888

Abstract

Teori permintaan agregat (AD) dan penawaran agregat (AS) dalam perekonomian nasional dan internasional pada suatu Negara adalah suatu metode atau cara analisis untuk menyediakan dan menggambarkan hubungan ekonomi makro dan pengaruh perubahan kebijakan pemerintah. Keynes menjelaskan bahwa volume kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan nasional ditentukan oleh keseimbangan antara Agregat Demand (AD) dan Agregat Supply (AS). Jika AD lebih besar dari AS maka ada rangsangan bagi para produsen memperbesar produksinya pada volume kesempatan kerja yang lebih tinggi yang menghasilkan pendapatan nasional yang lebih tinggi. Jika AD lebih besar dari AS maka produsen akan menurunkan produksinya sehingga volume kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan nasional menurun. Pada saat AD sama dengan AS terjadi keseimbangan dan keseimbangan tersebut belum tentu berada pada volume kesempatan kerja penuh. AD pada tingkat keseimbangan itu dinamakan efektif demand. Dalam perspektif permintaan aggregat, terdapat dua komponen yang berhubungan dengan perdagangan internasional yaitu: Ekspor barang/jasa dan Impor barang/jasa. Dalam perspektif teori perekonomian internasional keberadaan teori klasik dan modern sebagai basis dari teori perekonomian internasional mengalami pergeseran paradigma yaitu teori klasik disarkan paradigma negara, yang kemudian bergeser ke teori modern yang di dasarkan paradigma perusahaan. Karena itu, Teori keynes, teori perekonomian internasional baik teori klasik maupun modern berupaya untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan masyarakat suatu negara, maka komponen seperti konsumsi, investasi modal, pengeluaran, ekspor dan impor termasuk produksi menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan.
Analisis Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Penetapan Pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Terhadap Penegakan dan Kepastian Hukum di Indonesia Muhdar Muhdar; Tri Susilowati
Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol 1 No 4 (2023): Desember : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/perkara.v1i4.1494

Abstract

On this basis, the equal position between these institutions has the potential to give rise to electoral conflict, therefore the institution of the Constitutional Court was born as a mediator of possible conflicts. Another authority that the Constitutional Court has is judicial review of the Constitution. This authority previously belonged to the MPR before the amendment. The Constitutional Court has the principle in making judicial review decisions that apply to everyone (erga omnes), and are final (no other legal remedies) and appeal (binding for all parties). After the third constitutional amendment, a new issue has now arisen from the Constitutional Court, which should be the institution of the Constitutional Court as the highest court in the Republic of Indonesia. In fact, a problem has arisen from the Institution of the Constitutional Court which should be able to maintain the dignity and stability and trust of the Indonesian people. What is currently being discussed is the Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age requirements for presidential candidates (capres) and vice presidential candidates (cawapres) which has resulted in controversy. The decision contains a material review of the age requirements for presidential and vice presidential candidates as stated in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections. Upon granting some of the material tests, someone who is not yet 40 years old can run as a presidential or vice presidential candidate if they have experience as a regional head or other official elected through elections. Thanks to this MK decision, President Joko Widodo's eldest son who is also the Mayor of Surakarta, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, who is only 36 years old, can run as vice presidential candidate. This decision became polemic because it was made by Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court Anwar Usman, who is Jokowi's brother-in-law and Gibran's uncle. After the Constitutional Court's decision, accusations emerged about political dynasties, even nepotism. At least 20 complaints were submitted to the Constitutional Court regarding alleged violations of the code of ethics and behavioral guidelines for judges in Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023. All complaints were followed up by the MK Honorary Council (MKMK).
Analisis Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Penetapan Pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Terhadap Penegakan dan Kepastian Hukum di Indonesia Muhdar Muhdar; Tri Susilowati
Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): Desember : Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/perkara.v1i4.1494

Abstract

On this basis, the equal position between these institutions has the potential to give rise to electoral conflict, therefore the institution of the Constitutional Court was born as a mediator of possible conflicts. Another authority that the Constitutional Court has is judicial review of the Constitution. This authority previously belonged to the MPR before the amendment. The Constitutional Court has the principle in making judicial review decisions that apply to everyone (erga omnes), and are final (no other legal remedies) and appeal (binding for all parties). After the third constitutional amendment, a new issue has now arisen from the Constitutional Court, which should be the institution of the Constitutional Court as the highest court in the Republic of Indonesia. In fact, a problem has arisen from the Institution of the Constitutional Court which should be able to maintain the dignity and stability and trust of the Indonesian people. What is currently being discussed is the Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age requirements for presidential candidates (capres) and vice presidential candidates (cawapres) which has resulted in controversy. The decision contains a material review of the age requirements for presidential and vice presidential candidates as stated in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections. Upon granting some of the material tests, someone who is not yet 40 years old can run as a presidential or vice presidential candidate if they have experience as a regional head or other official elected through elections. Thanks to this MK decision, President Joko Widodo's eldest son who is also the Mayor of Surakarta, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, who is only 36 years old, can run as vice presidential candidate. This decision became polemic because it was made by Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court Anwar Usman, who is Jokowi's brother-in-law and Gibran's uncle. After the Constitutional Court's decision, accusations emerged about political dynasties, even nepotism. At least 20 complaints were submitted to the Constitutional Court regarding alleged violations of the code of ethics and behavioral guidelines for judges in Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023. All complaints were followed up by the MK Honorary Council (MKMK).
Co-Authors Anik Winarni grace tedy tulak Tri Susilowati