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PEMBUATAN ARANG RENDEMEN TINGGI DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN KILN DRUM Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.4.134 - 138

Abstract

The aim of  this  research  is to  improve charcoal kiln and production  techniques so  that  yield  and  quality  can be optimazed  with  less capital  operating  cost.The  kiln used in this  experiment  was  made   from a  typical 200 litre oil drum with  special design  incorporating 12  holes  of  13  mm in  diameter in different elevations, at  the  base, 30 cm and 60 cm  above  the  base. A  short  chimney of  30 cm  height  at  the  top  with  10 cm  in  was also  installed  diameter.This report discusses the experimental procedures including raw material preparation, loading and operation of tedrum kiln. The yield all qualities of  the charcoal produced are also  discussed  in  this  report. The  results of this experiment showed that single Drum Kiln can produce high charcoal yield  ranging  from  33,8  % to 37,2 % and average of  35,7 %.A comparison of  results with survey  data  shows   that  the  quality of  the  coconut   shell  charcoal produced  by  the drum kiln  method.  conform favorably with the  quality   of  charcoal  being  used for production of  commercial  activated carbon.
HASIL DESTILASI KERING KAYU DAN NILAI KALOR DARI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3856.999 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.6.348-352

Abstract

Rapid  destructive distillation  of  20  Industrial Forest  Plantation Timber  Species  was carried out  by  using a  retort equipped with electrical heating system. This retort was also  connected to  three  condensors and  two  flask   to  catch and  collect  the  distillate  or  condensed   gas.  The  retort capacity was about 4  kg  of  wood.Treatment  conditions    given  in  these  experiment  were  maximum  heating   temperature    of  500°C  and  5  hours distillation time.The product   (charcoal, tar,  pyroligneous liquor) of  the  destructive  distillation   of  wood  showed  a wide variation  in yield   or  composition  depending on  the  wood  species,  age and  growth   location.This  experimental  condition produces   charcoal yield  varying  from  21,38 - 38,00%,   tar from  4.99 - 13.78% and pyroligneous liquor  from  44.91 -  157.17%. Pyroligneous liquor  product  can  be used  as disinfectant,  weed  killer and deodorant. Tar product has a good  prospect  for  wood  preservative  subtance  and  medicinal.The  destructive distillation  of  wood  under   these  experimental conditions produced brittle  and  light  charcoal.  On the  contrarary, hard charcoal  could  be produced from  slower  pyrolisis  process  in a commercial   scale.Proximate analyses  of  charcoal  obtained   from   these  experiments  revealed  that  the  quality  IS  suitable  for both  as raw  material   for  commercial   activated   carbon  and  fuel.Calorific  values of  wood  ranged  from  4285  to  4994  kcal/kg  and  charcoal  from  6746  to  7748  kcal/kg. Based  on  these  calorific  values,  wood  and  charcoal  of  the  20  wood  species  observed  are excellent material  to  be used as fuel.
EFISIENSI BEBERAPA JENIS TUNGKU KAYU BAKAR Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 3 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8948.912 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.3.1-8

Abstract

The Forest Product Research and  Development Centre, Bogor, has  constructed  the Lorena,   Singer and the Traditional  fuelwood stoves to measured the  efficiency of each type. The material used for the construction of the stoves are clay, sand, sawdust, red-bricks  and  water.The  efficiency of  each  type  is  measured  by  using  the  stoves  for  cooking  water  to  boiling point in an aluminium pan, where rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) wood is used as fuelwood.The  stoves  efficiency is expressed  as the  ratio  between  the effective  heat the boiled  water absorbs and the potensial heat  produced by  firewoods.The results of the  observations and  calculations  of  the  efficiency of   the  respective types   of   firewood   stoves indicated  that  the  Lorena  stove  has the  highest  efficiency of  24.75%,  followed by the Singer stove with  24.50%, and the traditional  one,  the least  efficient   is 18.64%. Compared  with  the tested  traditional stove, the  Lorena  and  the  Singer stoves  appear  to have high efficiency which consumed 30% less of  fuelwood. 
ANALISIS KIMIA 6 JENIS KAYU UNTUK HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Gustan Pari; Nurmala Hudaya
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 1 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8452.81 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.1.7-11

Abstract

This paper  deals with  a  chemical  analysis  of  six wood  species  obtained   from  industrial plantation Forest. The  analysis  comprises  of  the  determination    of  holocellulose.  lignin, pentosan,  moisture  content,   ash content, silica content  and  solubility  in cold water  hot  water,  sodium  hydroxide and ethanol  benzene   content. The result  shows  that  holocellulose  content  ranges  from  50.2  -   63.2 percent,    cellulose from  42.6  -   56.2 percent. The  high. celloluse content  are Dipterocarpus  haseltii,   Diryobalanops     lanceollata,  Shorea    and Agathis  ]orantifo1ia. Lignin   '(rom  .24. 7  -    3'2.4  percent,    pentosan   from   15.2  -    19.0  percent.   ash cotent  from   0. 4 - 1. 8 percent.   Silica content from 0.1 -    a. 2 percent,   moisture   content from    10.2 -   32.0 percent.   Solubility  in cold water  from  2. 0 - 5.1 percent,    hot  water  from  3.5 -   5.8 percent,  in one percent   sodium  hydroxide  from  12.9 -   17. 6 percent   and so lubility in  ethano1-benzene   (1:2)  from   5.2 - 13.2 percent.Based  on  chemical  analysis, especially  the  cellulose  contants  the ,six  wood species for  timber  estate  are suitable  as raw material  for pulp  and paper  industry.
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG BIJI-BIJIAN ASAL TANAMAN HUTAN DAN PERKEBUNAN Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1783.232 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.4.146-149

Abstract

Research on µtilization of several seed shells of  Aleurites moluccana, Hevea brasiliensis, Canarium communne L and Cocos nucifera for activated carbon by  means of steam or ZnCl2 solution activat.ionwas conducted at the Forest• Product• Beaearch and Development Centre, Bogor.The results1howed that all kinds of raw material used could produce good quality and high yield of activated carbon. The yield  of activated carbon produced were re1pectively ranging 'from 81,1-87,0%   (Qmarium communne L.),66,4-77,1%  (Aleurites moluecana), 65,3-71,3%  (Hevea brasiliensis), 65,7-77,3%  {Cocosnucifera). The quality of activat- ed carbon determened by  adBorptive capacity of Iodine number need the• requirement as specified Standard of A WWA (1978)  i.e minimum 500 mg/g.
PEMBUATAN ARANG RENDEMEN TINGGI DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN KILN DRUM Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.4.134 - 138

Abstract

The aim of  this  research  is to  improve charcoal kiln and production  techniques so  that  yield  and  quality  can be optimazed  with  less capital  operating  cost.The  kiln used in this  experiment  was  made   from a  typical 200 litre oil drum with  special design  incorporating 12  holes  of  13  mm in  diameter in different elevations, at  the  base, 30 cm and 60 cm  above  the  base. A  short  chimney of  30 cm  height  at  the  top  with  10 cm  in  was also  installed  diameter.This report discusses the experimental procedures including raw material preparation, loading and operation of tedrum kiln. The yield all qualities of  the charcoal produced are also  discussed  in  this  report. The  results of this experiment showed that single Drum Kiln can produce high charcoal yield  ranging  from  33,8  % to 37,2 % and average of  35,7 %.A comparison of  results with survey  data  shows   that  the  quality of  the  coconut   shell  charcoal produced  by  the drum kiln  method.  conform favorably with the  quality   of  charcoal  being  used for production of  commercial  activated carbon.
HASIL DESTILASI KERING KAYU DAN NILAI KALOR DARI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.6.348-352

Abstract

Rapid  destructive distillation  of  20  Industrial Forest  Plantation Timber  Species  was carried out  by  using a  retort equipped with electrical heating system. This retort was also  connected to  three  condensors and  two  flask   to  catch and  collect  the  distillate  or  condensed   gas.  The  retort capacity was about 4  kg  of  wood.Treatment  conditions    given  in  these  experiment  were  maximum  heating   temperature    of  500°C  and  5  hours distillation time.The product   (charcoal, tar,  pyroligneous liquor) of  the  destructive  distillation   of  wood  showed  a wide variation  in yield   or  composition  depending on  the  wood  species,  age and  growth   location.This  experimental  condition produces   charcoal yield  varying  from  21,38 - 38,00%,   tar from  4.99 - 13.78% and pyroligneous liquor  from  44.91 -  157.17%. Pyroligneous liquor  product  can  be used  as disinfectant,  weed  killer and deodorant. Tar product has a good  prospect  for  wood  preservative  subtance  and  medicinal.The  destructive distillation  of  wood  under   these  experimental conditions produced brittle  and  light  charcoal.  On the  contrarary, hard charcoal  could  be produced from  slower  pyrolisis  process  in a commercial   scale.Proximate analyses  of  charcoal  obtained   from   these  experiments  revealed  that  the  quality  IS  suitable  for both  as raw  material   for  commercial   activated   carbon  and  fuel.Calorific  values of  wood  ranged  from  4285  to  4994  kcal/kg  and  charcoal  from  6746  to  7748  kcal/kg. Based  on  these  calorific  values,  wood  and  charcoal  of  the  20  wood  species  observed  are excellent material  to  be used as fuel.
EFISIENSI BEBERAPA JENIS TUNGKU KAYU BAKAR Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 3 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.3.1-8

Abstract

The Forest Product Research and  Development Centre, Bogor, has  constructed  the Lorena,   Singer and the Traditional  fuelwood stoves to measured the  efficiency of each type. The material used for the construction of the stoves are clay, sand, sawdust, red-bricks  and  water.The  efficiency of  each  type  is  measured  by  using  the  stoves  for  cooking  water  to  boiling point in an aluminium pan, where rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) wood is used as fuelwood.The  stoves  efficiency is expressed  as the  ratio  between  the effective  heat the boiled  water absorbs and the potensial heat  produced by  firewoods.The results of the  observations and  calculations  of  the  efficiency of   the  respective types   of   firewood   stoves indicated  that  the  Lorena  stove  has the  highest  efficiency of  24.75%,  followed by the Singer stove with  24.50%, and the traditional  one,  the least  efficient   is 18.64%. Compared  with  the tested  traditional stove, the  Lorena  and  the  Singer stoves  appear  to have high efficiency which consumed 30% less of  fuelwood. 
ANALISIS KIMIA 6 JENIS KAYU UNTUK HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Gustan Pari; Nurmala Hudaya
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 1 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.1.7-11

Abstract

This paper  deals with  a  chemical  analysis  of  six wood  species  obtained   from  industrial plantation Forest. The  analysis  comprises  of  the  determination    of  holocellulose.  lignin, pentosan,  moisture  content,   ash content, silica content  and  solubility  in cold water  hot  water,  sodium  hydroxide and ethanol  benzene   content. The result  shows  that  holocellulose  content  ranges  from  50.2  -   63.2 percent,    cellulose from  42.6  -   56.2 percent. The  high. celloluse content  are Dipterocarpus  haseltii,   Diryobalanops     lanceollata,  Shorea    and Agathis  ]orantifo1ia. Lignin   '(rom  .24. 7  -    3'2.4  percent,    pentosan   from   15.2  -    19.0  percent.   ash cotent  from   0. 4 - 1. 8 percent.   Silica content from 0.1 -    a. 2 percent,   moisture   content from    10.2 -   32.0 percent.   Solubility  in cold water  from  2. 0 - 5.1 percent,    hot  water  from  3.5 -   5.8 percent,  in one percent   sodium  hydroxide  from  12.9 -   17. 6 percent   and so lubility in  ethano1-benzene   (1:2)  from   5.2 - 13.2 percent.Based  on  chemical  analysis, especially  the  cellulose  contants  the ,six  wood species for  timber  estate  are suitable  as raw material  for pulp  and paper  industry.
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG BIJI-BIJIAN ASAL TANAMAN HUTAN DAN PERKEBUNAN Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.4.146-149

Abstract

Research on µtilization of several seed shells of  Aleurites moluccana, Hevea brasiliensis, Canarium communne L and Cocos nucifera for activated carbon by  means of steam or ZnCl2 solution activat.ionwas conducted at the Forest• Product• Beaearch and Development Centre, Bogor.The results1howed that all kinds of raw material used could produce good quality and high yield of activated carbon. The yield  of activated carbon produced were re1pectively ranging 'from 81,1-87,0%   (Qmarium communne L.),66,4-77,1%  (Aleurites moluecana), 65,3-71,3%  (Hevea brasiliensis), 65,7-77,3%  {Cocosnucifera). The quality of activat- ed carbon determened by  adBorptive capacity of Iodine number need the• requirement as specified Standard of A WWA (1978)  i.e minimum 500 mg/g.
Co-Authors Gustan Pari Hartoyo Hartoyo