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ANALISIS KIMIA 9 JENIS KAYU DARI IRIAN JAYA Gustan Pari; Dadang Setiawan; Saepuloh Saepuloh
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 2 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1997.15.2.87-93

Abstract

Tulisan ini mengemukakan analisis komponen kimia kayu dari lrian Jaya sebanyak 9 jenis. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian sifat dasar yang dilaksanakan setiap tahun di Pusat Penelitiaan dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Maksudnya adalah untuk mengetahui sifat kayu yang penting seperti sifat .fisis, mekanis dan kimia yang berguna bagi penggunaan kayu. Analisa yang dilakukan meliputi penetapan kadar holoselulosa, selulosa, lignin, pentosan, BJ, air, abu, silika, kelarutan dalam air dingin, air panas, alkohol benzena 1 : 2 dan kelarutan dalam NaOH 1 %. Analisa ini berguna untuk menentukan perkiraan kegunaan kayu seperti untuk pulp dan turunan selulosa.Hasil analisa memperlihatkan bahwa kadar holoselolusa berkisar antara 69,61 - 75,21 %, selulosa 47,33 - 54,80 %, lignin 24,79 - 30,39 %, pentosan 1,18 - 18,48 %, berat jenis 0,36- 0,85 g/cm3 , kadar air 9,20 - 15,44 %, abu 0,79 - 1,90 %, silika 0,33 - 1,07 %, kelarutan dalam air dingin 4,33 - 7,41 %, air panas 4,67- 9,47 %, alkohol benzena (1: 2) antara 1,99 - 9,21 % dan kelarutaan dalam NaOH 1 % antara 18,16 - 30,07 %.Berdasarkan standar FAO untuk pulp, maka 9 jenis kayu dari irian Jaya cukup baik untuk dibuat pulp.
MENELAAH SIFAT-SIFAT PRODUK HASIL DESTILASI KERING LIMA JENIS KAYU ASAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR Gustan Pari; Dadang Setiawan; Mahpudin Mahpudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 2 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.2.159-164

Abstract

Dry-distillation trials of five wood species from East Kalimantan were conducted at the forest products laboratories. Bogor. and the characteristics of the products (i.e. charcoal, tar and distillate fractions) were assessed to explore their possible uses as a fuel (the source of energy), activated charcoal. carbon-based fibers, metallurgy (smelter), disinfectant, and fertilizer. The distillation was performed in an electrically heated retort. The wood species were consecutively Kayu Arang (Diospyros macrophylla), Nyaling (Mastixia trichotama). Penjalin (Drypetes). Lansat Hutan (Lansium) dan Kayu Gading (Koilodepes sp.). Before conducting the experiment, these wood species were each examined for their specific gravity and calorific values. These species showed variation in their specific gravity (0.51 - 0.93) and calorific values (4465 - 4606 cal/g). Further, the products of distillation revealed some variation in their yielas, i.e. 27.55 - 33. 75 % (for charcoal), 6.53 - 12.89 % (tar). and 47.44 - 71.92 % (pyrolignous liquor). As the charcoal, its moisture content ranged from 0.89 - 1.73 %, ash content from 3.04 - 3.40 %. volatile matter from 19.15 - 20.65 %, fixed carbon from 76.05 - 77.81 %. and charcoal calorific value from 6802 - 7086 cal/g Based on the calorific value. volatile matter, and ash content of their resulting charcoal, the five species tested were all suitable as raw materials for the manufacture of metallurgy charcoal and activated charcoal.
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT Djeni Hendra; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 2 (1999): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1999.17.2.113-122

Abstract

Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan hasil penelitian pembuatan  arang aktif dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang  berasal dari pabrik minyak kelapa sawit Malingping, Banten.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh  suhu aktivasi dan konsentrasi bahan pengaktif yang optimal. Proses pembuatan arang aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan retort pada suhu aktivasi 7500C, 8000C, 8500C dan  9000C. Sebagai  bahan pengaktif digunakan  larutan NH4HC03dengan  konsentrasi 0,10 %, 0,25%, 0,50 % dan tanpa bahan pengaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kualitas arang aktif yang terbaik untuk dipakai dalam pemurnian larutan yang terkontaminasi adalah arang aktif  yang dibuat dengan perlakuan suhu aktivasi 800°C dan konsentrasi bahan pengaktif  0,50 % dengan hasil daya serap terhadap iodium 770, 75 mg/g dan memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia. Untuk penyerapan gas, kualitas arang aktif terbaik adalah yang dibuat dengan  perlakuan suhu aktivasi 8500C dan konsentrasi bahan pengaktif 0,50 %, di mana hasil daya serap terhadap benzena sebesar 37,83% dan lebih besar dari daya serap terhadap benzena yang dipersyaratkan oleh Standar Jepang.
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI KAYU ACACIA MANGIUM DENGAN GASIFIKASI "FLUIDIZED BED" Djeni Hendra; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 6 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.6.252-257

Abstract

Experimental study on activated charcoal from Acacia mangium by using "fluidized bed" gasification is presented in this paper. Tire result shows that yield ranges from 14. 79 to 25. 03 %, moisture content from 9.17 to 14.42 %, ash content from 2.36 to 2.94, volatile matter from 7.44 to 9. 79 %, fixed carbon from 73.28 to 80. 71 %. adsorptive capacity of benzene from 1.38 to 18.56 % and adsorptive iodine from 511.37 to 961.87 %.Based on adsorptive capacity of iodine, the maximum activation reaction time is 45 minutes. At this time the adsorptive of iodine is 961.87 which meet American and Indonesian standard.
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI BIOMAS UNTUK PEMURNI MINYAK KELAPA Gustan Pari; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 2 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.2.133-136

Abstract

Steam  activation   char of  wood,  bamboo,  and coconut shell  to produce  activated  charcoal were carried out  in a labora- tory  scale electric  heated  retort.The  treatment   conditions   applied  for  activation   were  temperature   of  700°C,  steam  flow  rate  of  30 g/minute  and reaction  time  15 minutes.   The  activated  charcoals produced   from   the  experiment   were  respectively   used  for refining  the samples  of  low grade commercial   coconut oil obtained   from   the  market.The  results  showed   that  all of  the  activated   charcoal  produced   can  increase   the  quality   of  coconut  oil  to  meet requirements   of  the  Indonesian   Industrial   Standard  (Sll).
APLIKASI ARANG KULIT KAYU SEBAGAI CAMPURAN MEDIA TUMBUH ANAKAN Eucalyptus urophylla dan Acacia mangium Gusmailina Gusmailina; Gustan Pari; Sri Komarayati
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 5 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.5.333-351

Abstract

One of the alternatives that can be used to develop and have significant prospect to improve the critical or degraded land is through the use or application of charcoal. Charcoal can be used as one ingredient in the media to enhance the growth of plants. particularly still at seedling stage and at the field preparation as well. The application of charcoal sould when they are increase soil pH and improve water and air circulation in the soil, there by stimulating the growth of root and the plants.This report deals with research results of applying two kinds of wood-bark charcoal, i.e. bark charcoal from tusam (Pinus merkusii) and mangium (Acacia mangium), on the media for the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mangium seedlings up to 4,5-month period, respectively. The main objective of this research trial was to assess the effect of applying wood-bark charcoal on the growth of the seedlings. The two kinds of wood-bark charcoal were added at varying concentrations, i.e. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50 percent, and 0% as control.The research revealed that the use of both kinds of wood-bark charcoal at 10-30 percent turned out to he the most optimal or suitable for the growth of the two seedlings. For height growth of Acacia mangium seedlings, the best effect was at the application of 10 percent tusam's wood-bark charcoal, where the height increase in the Acacia mangium seedling reached 13.01 percent. i.e.1.9 times greater than the height growth of the control. About the increase in the diameter of the seedling, the best effect was at 10 percent and 20 percent of either tusam's or mangium's wood-bark charcoal. Such diameter increase were almost similar i.e. 0.45 cm and 0.42 cm for tusam's and mangium's wood-bark charcoals, consecutively.For the height growth of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings, the best effect was at the application 20 percent of tusam's wood-bark charcoal and 30 percent of mangium's wood bark charcoal. The height increases were at 20 percent tusam's wood-bark charcoal and 30 percent mangium's wood-bark charcoal, i.e. consecutively 1.38 and 1.35 times greater than that of the control. Similar phenomena as occurred to in the height increase in Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings also found in the diameter increases of the corresponding seedlings. In this situation, the height increclse was 0.56 cm. The use of tusam's wood-bark charcoal at JO percent offered the best effect on the growth development ofE. urophylla and A. mangium seedlings, i.e. 0.913 grams and 0.496 grams, respectively. 
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJI SENGON UNTUK PENJERNIH AIR Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 5 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.5.141 -149

Abstract

Experimental  study  on Paraserianthes falcataria sawdust  to produce activated  charcoal for water  treatment  is reported in this paper.  The purpose  of this  research   is to study  the effect of raw material  treatment  and  chemical addition on the activated charcoal yield and quality.The result shows that the yield of activated charcoal range from 22.88 - 35.98 %, moisture content from 1.43 - 5.85%, volatile matter from 9.16 - 15.39 %, fixed carbon from 60,90 - 75.33 %,.ash  content from 15.51 - 23.71 % and silica from 8.89-  13.69%.The adsorptive capacity of iodine, benzene and sulfuric acid respectively range from 444.26 -  761.40 mg/g, 1.23 - 8.83 % and 17.40 -35.26 %. Good quality of the activated charcoal was produced from charcoal of sengon sawdust with sodium  carbonate as activator. This is especially  for the adsorptive capacity of iodine where this criteria has met the commercial standard requirement  of the Americoal  Water Work Association and the Indonesian Industrial Standard.The quality of water after treatment with the activated charcoal shows that the iron (Fe) content range from 0.00 - 0.09mg/1,  calsium  (Ca) from  3.35 - 22.66 mg/1,  sodium  (Na) from 8.80 -  9340.0mg/1,  mangan  (Mn) from  0.00 - 0.08mg/1,  nicel (Ni) from  0.03 -  0.77mg/1,  chloride (Cl) from 21.0 -  170.0mg/1,  ammonium  (NH4) from  0.00 - 0.44 mg / 1  and chemical oxygen demand (COD) range from 21.40 - 61.20 mg / 1
PENGARUH UMUR KAYU MANGIUM TERHADAP KUALITAS ARANG AKTIF Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 5 (1998): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1998.15.5.348-362

Abstract

Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan mengenai hasil penelitian pembuatan arang aktif dari kayu Acacia mangium berdasarkan perbedaan umur dengan cara aktivasi uap kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur kayu mangium dan konsentrasi bahan pengaktif terhadap hasil dan kualitas arang aktif.Proses pembuatan arang aktif dilakukan dalam retor baja tahan karat dengan pemanas listrik pada suhu 900ºC. Umur kayu mangium yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku adalah 4, 5, 6 dan 7 tahun dan sebagai aktivator digunakan larutan NH4CO3 dengan konsentrasi masing­masing 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75%.Kualitas arang aktif yang terbaik dihasilkan dari arang aktif yang dibuat dari kayu mangium umur 6 tahun dengan konsentrasi NH4C03 sebesar 0,10%. Rendemen yang diperoleh sebesar 37,19%, kadar air 12,74%, kadar abu 2,08%, kadar zat mudah menguap 14, 66%, kadar karbon terikat 183,28%. Daya serap terhadap iodium sebesar 1081,19 mg/g, benzena 29,39%, CHCL3 40,19%, metilin biru 199,23 mg/g dan luas permukaan sebesar 738,0 m2/g.
ANALISIS KIMIA BEBERAPA KAYU KURANG DIKENAL DARI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT Gustan Pari; Djeni Hendra
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 7 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1991.9.7.294 - 298

Abstract

This paper  deals with chemical analysis of ten lesser known  wood species  from Nusa Tenggara  Bara   The analyisi  comprises  of determination of  holocellulose,  cellulose, lignin, pentosan, silica, ash,   moisture contents and solubility in cold water,  hot  water,  sodium  hydroxide  and  alcohol  benzene content.The result shows that holiocellulose  content  ranges  from 53,5 -  68. 8 percent, cellulose from 43. 0 -   62. 3 percent.  Low cellulose content  was formed in Duabanga  molucana.  Lignin content varie from 20.2- 24.7 percent, pentomn con-  tent from  8.0 ­  15.4 percent. Lignin and pentosan  content of all wood species  examined  were in moderate  and  low.   Moisture content  ranged  from  10.7 -  25.3  percent,   ash content from  0.2 -   2.1 percent, silica from Q. 1-1.0 percent.The solubility  in cold water ranged from  3.0  -   10.2 percent,  in hot  water  from 5.4 – 14.1 percent, in one  percent  of sodium hydroxide  solution from 9. 7 -   35.0 percent  and in alcohol benzene (1:2) from 1.5-7.0 percent. The   extractive contents of  Elaeocarpus sphserlcus,Eugenia lineata  Palaquium   javaneae  and Duabanga molucana    wood species are  having low component  cless.flcus microcarpus and Trema  orientalia   wood  sapecia  had moderate extractwe component  class  Ailanthus  malabarica,  Aathoaspelalus   cadamba  and   eugenia   polyantha   wood species  included in high extractiue component. class Based on chemical analysis  especially  the cellulose and pentosan  content  of  the  10 lasser known wood species from Nusa  Tenggara Barat are suitable as  raw material for  pulp and peper industry.
ANALISIS KIMIA 9 JENIS KAYU INDONESIA Gustan Pari; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.4.130 - 133

Abstract

This  paper  deals  with  a chemical  analyses  of  nine   species  of  wood  obtained  from industrial plantation forest. The analyses comprised of the determination of  holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, pentosan, moisture content,   ash content, silica  content and  the  solubility in cold  water,   hot  water,  one percent of  sodium   hydroxide   and  ethanol  benzene   (1:2) extractives.The result shows that  holocellulose content ranges  from 57,80 - 66,34 percent,    cellulose  content from 42,23 - 54,91 percent, lignin  from  23,75 - 32,42 percent,  pentosan from 10,10 -19,23 percent, moisture  content  from  10,19 - 26,37  percent, ash content   from   0,25 - 3,08  percent, silica content   from 0,07 - 2,47 percent, solubility in cold  water ranges  from  0,11 - 7,20 percent, solubility in hot  water   from  2,62  -  9,25 percent, solubility in 1%  NaOH from 10,72-19,65  percent   and ethanol  benzene  ranges from  2,09  -  6,13 percent.
Co-Authors Adi Santoso Aminudin Sulaeman Ani Suryani Buchari Buchari Dede Hermawan Dian Anggraini Indrawan Djeni Hendra Dudi Tohir Erliza Hambali Esti Rini Satiti Fityani B Lestari Gunawan Trisandi Pasaribu Gusmailina Gusmailina Han Roliadi Hartoyo Hartoyo Hery Widijanto Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih Ilah Sailah Januar Ferry Jasni Jasni Kurnia Sofyan Lisna Efiyanti M Syachri Mahpudin Mahpudin Mustamu, Sofia Novitri Hastuti Nurmala Hudaya Rina Novia Yanti Rossi Margareth Tampubolon Saepuloh Saepuloh Setyani B Lestari Sri Komarayati Suci Aprianty Wati Tjutju Nurhayati Totok K Waluyo Wasrin Syafii