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Apul Sianturi
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ASPEK KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUTAN TANAMAN (Some institutional aspects in developing forest plantation) Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 6 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.6.241-247

Abstract

Forest as one of natural resources should be managed on sustainable bases for the prosperity of the people. As the number and the income of the people increasrd, the needs or demand for forest products also increased. On the other hand, the increase in population stimulates the decrease in forest land  areas. To solve this problem there is a need to increase or optimize the production of forest lands so that the decrease in forest areas does not mean the decrease in forest products.One of the solutions is to establish forest plantations on degraded lands, and to convert natural forests which are less productive to forest plantations which are more productive. Reforestation of degraded forest requires a lot of capital, and financially not profitable, therefore it needs a subsidy, Since degraded forest is not profitable and the locations are scattered in small areas, State Owned Enterprice (BUMN) or Forest Service (Dinas Kehutanan) should do reforestation on these areas. On the other hand conversion of natural forest to forest plantation is financially profitable, therefore it does not need subsidy and can be done by private industry, For this purpose the master plan of natural forest that could be converted to forest plantation should be well prepared. Institutional aspects of these two types of forest plantations are discussed in this report. 
SISTEM PENENTUAN BESARNYA PUNGUTAN DARI HUTAN ALAM (Royalty system of Natural Forest) Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 7 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.7.249-255

Abstract

The significant contributions of the natural forest to the well being of Indonesian Society in these decades can not be denied. This fact is a major incentive in managing natural forest in sustainable basis.One of the tools that can be used to sustain natural forest is eficient use of natural resources, which could be done by imposing proper royalty system. By collecting royalty base on the utilized logs, the loggers tend not to utilize margin timber as applied nowadays.Since the royalty is not part of the timber cost anymore if the payment system takes place after the timber sale, the royalty should be higher. than the payment before timber sale where royalty is a part of timber cost. The difference is in the margin of risk and profit. Far this purpose this study tries to build a model that can be used to determine the price of the royalty that should be paid by the loggers for each of the payment system.The result of the model shows that stumpage price (royalty) paid by the loggers in these days should be increased, especially if the payment based on utilized logs.In order to increase eficiency of timber utilization the payment of stumpage price should be based on volume which is taken from timber stand, at least based on volume of timber which is cut in the forest.
PRODUKTIVITAS ANGKUTAN LORI DORONG DI HUTAN JATI Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 4 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (10740.843 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.4.20-23

Abstract

 A study on the productivity of lorry transportation in the teak forest was carried out in 1982, at  three forest  Districts. Time study have been conducted for this purpose.The Study shows that:Log loading productivity of a 6-men crew are 2.2, 1.7, and 1 m3 per hour in the Bojonegoro Mantingan, and Blora Forest Districts respectively with an average of 1.6 m3 per hour.Loading capacity of one lorry varies from 2. 6 to 4.7 m3 of logs with an average of  3.6 m3.Lorry speed varies from 5.7 to 8.6 km per hour, with an average of 6.9 km per hour.Unloading productivity varies from 5.6 to12.9 m3 per hour, with an average of 7.5 m3 per hour.Hauling cost varies from Rp. 86 to Rp. 92 per m3km, with an average of Rp. 88 per m3 km. 
AN OPTIMAL HARVESTING MODEL TO EVALUATE THE INDONESIAN SELECTIVE CUTTING SYSTEM (TPI) (Model pemanenan yang optimal untuk mengevaluasi tebang pilih Indonesia (TPI)) Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 7 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (14722.708 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.7.267-281

Abstract

Pendapatan dari hutan alam dalam duapuluh tahun terakhir sangat berpengaruh dalam peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini akan terus berlangsung bila hutan alam dapat dikelola dengan berkesinambungan atau lestari. Salah satu elemen penting agar hutan alam dapat lestari dalam memberikan hasil adalah dengan meninggalkan cukup tegakan tinggal yang sehat pada setiap kali mengadakan tebang pilih.Tujuan dari study ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi sistim Tebang Pilih Indonesia (TPI), terutama dalam kaitannya dengan rotasi tebang, banyaknya pohon yang ditebang, dan banyaknya pohon sehat yang ditinggalkan. Dalam menentukan pilihan yang terbaik digunakan maksimalisasi nilai hutan yang didapat dengan menyusun model program linear (linear programing). Pertumbuhan (growth) dari hutan alam setelah diadakan penebangan diproyeksikan dengan model matrik transisi. Pohon dlkategorikan dalam dua grup yaitu diptrocarp dan non-diptrocarp, serta dalam 7 kelas diameter.Model program linear digunakan untuk mensimulasi 7 macam rotasi tebang, 3 tingkat suku bunga, 3 tingkat kerusakan tegakan, dan 6 macam sistim royalty,Hasil dari simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rotasi tebang yang optimal ditentukan oleh besarnya suku bunga serta tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal. Makin besar suku bunga yang digunakan makin pendek rotasi tebangan yang memberikan nilai hutan tertinggi, yang berarti bahwa penggunaan suku bunga yang tinggi memaksa untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya alam lebih cepat. Sebaliknya, bila kerusakan tegakan tinggal besar maka rotasi tebang harus lebih panjang,Dalam pada itu jumlah pohon tinggal yang sehat, serta jumlah pohon yang ditebang ditentukan oleh rotasi tebang serta tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal. Makin panjang rotasi tebang makin banyak jumlah pohon yang dapat ditebang dan ditinggalkan.Sebaliknya, makin besar kerusakan tegakan tinggal yang diperbolehkan, makin sedikit jumlah pohon yang dipungut dan yang ditinggalkan sebagai tegakan tinggal.
FAKTOR EKSPLOITASI DI HUTAN ALAM DIPTEROKARPA PULAU LAUT Apul Sianturi; Ishemat Soerianegara; Rahardjo S; Suparto Suparto; Syafii Manan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 1 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4752.022 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.1.1-10

Abstract

An investigation on the “exploitation  factor"  in the natural dipterocarp forest of Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan was carried out in 1981.  Sixty tree with a diameter at breat  height from 50  to 160  cm were selected at a sample from the stands in north and central Pulau Laut.                                                                                                                                  From the investigation the following conclusions are in order  : The logging waste in the natural dipterocarp forest of Pulau Laut is 20 percent, with a standard error of 1,4 percent. Exploitation factor in the Pulau Laut natural dipterocarp forest ranges from 76,8 to 82,4 percent, averaging 80 percent.The volumes of the trees obtained by estimating the diameters at breast height and the heights of the clear boles are consistanly smaller than those obtained by measuring the dimateres and lengths of the clear boles after the trees were cut especially in hilly forests. Both diameter and clear bole length have significant effect on exploitation factor, their relationship being quadratic.Optimum diameter for highest yield is approximately 77 cm. This however, requires further research especially in relation with silviculture and felling cycle.
JENIS DAN BANYAKNYA KAYU YANG DIPAKAI DALAM KONSTRUKSI JALAN REL DI HUTAN RAWA PROPINSI RIAU Dulsalam Dulsalam; Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 2 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.2.23-28

Abstract

An  observation on  the  amount  and  species of  wood  used in rail-road  construction in the swamp forests has been carried out in the PT Alam Wanasaki and PT Tenaga Kampar  concession  areas both  located  in Riau.The observation  revealed  that  the wood  species  used in rail-road construction  at the PT Alam  Wanasaki area consist of 24 species  with  a volume  of  243 m3/km. Those  used at the PT Tenaga Kampar area  consist of 12 species comprising a volume  of  204 m3/km and  the species  used at  the PT Alam  Wanasaki area are mostly  helat  (Xylopia malayana Hooh .f.) with  a total  volume  of  71 m3/km. The same  is found  at the PT Tenaga Kampar  area using a total volume  of 58 m3/km. Other wood  species  used  in  rail-road construction in both  concession  areas consist  of a number  of  commercial  species.Wood  species  which  are  considered   suitable in  the  construction  of  rail-road in  the  swamp  forests  of  PT  Alam Wanasaki are  among  others: bintangur (Callophyllum .spp.), gelam   (Eugenia spp.), medang  (Litsea spp.),   menggeris (Koompassia  spp.), pelawan  (Tristania obovata  R.Br.), punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq.),  resak (Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre.),  tempurung (Baccaurea spp.), and  tembesu  (Fagraea spp.),  comprising  about 16%  of the  total  volume  used in the  construction.Wood species  selected  for  rail-road construction   at  the  PT  Tenaga Kampar  concession  area are: bintangur  (Callophyllum spp.),  medang  (Litsea  spp.), and punak  (Tetramerista glabra Miq.), comprising  32% of the total amount  of wood used in the  construction.Both  companies  made  efforts  to onlv  use durable  wood  species,  however,  such  species are scarce.  
ASPEK KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUTAN TANAMAN (Some institutional aspects in developing forest plantation) Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 6 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.6.241-247

Abstract

Forest as one of natural resources should be managed on sustainable bases for the prosperity of the people. As the number and the income of the people increasrd, the needs or demand for forest products also increased. On the other hand, the increase in population stimulates the decrease in forest land  areas. To solve this problem there is a need to increase or optimize the production of forest lands so that the decrease in forest areas does not mean the decrease in forest products.One of the solutions is to establish forest plantations on degraded lands, and to convert natural forests which are less productive to forest plantations which are more productive. Reforestation of degraded forest requires a lot of capital, and financially not profitable, therefore it needs a subsidy, Since degraded forest is not profitable and the locations are scattered in small areas, State Owned Enterprice (BUMN) or Forest Service (Dinas Kehutanan) should do reforestation on these areas. On the other hand conversion of natural forest to forest plantation is financially profitable, therefore it does not need subsidy and can be done by private industry, For this purpose the master plan of natural forest that could be converted to forest plantation should be well prepared. Institutional aspects of these two types of forest plantations are discussed in this report. 
SISTEM PENENTUAN BESARNYA PUNGUTAN DARI HUTAN ALAM (Royalty system of Natural Forest) Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 7 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.7.249-255

Abstract

The significant contributions of the natural forest to the well being of Indonesian Society in these decades can not be denied. This fact is a major incentive in managing natural forest in sustainable basis.One of the tools that can be used to sustain natural forest is eficient use of natural resources, which could be done by imposing proper royalty system. By collecting royalty base on the utilized logs, the loggers tend not to utilize margin timber as applied nowadays.Since the royalty is not part of the timber cost anymore if the payment system takes place after the timber sale, the royalty should be higher. than the payment before timber sale where royalty is a part of timber cost. The difference is in the margin of risk and profit. Far this purpose this study tries to build a model that can be used to determine the price of the royalty that should be paid by the loggers for each of the payment system.The result of the model shows that stumpage price (royalty) paid by the loggers in these days should be increased, especially if the payment based on utilized logs.In order to increase eficiency of timber utilization the payment of stumpage price should be based on volume which is taken from timber stand, at least based on volume of timber which is cut in the forest.
AN OPTIMAL HARVESTING MODEL TO EVALUATE THE INDONESIAN SELECTIVE CUTTING SYSTEM (TPI) (Model pemanenan yang optimal untuk mengevaluasi tebang pilih Indonesia (TPI)) Apul Sianturi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 7 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.7.267-281

Abstract

Pendapatan dari hutan alam dalam duapuluh tahun terakhir sangat berpengaruh dalam peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini akan terus berlangsung bila hutan alam dapat dikelola dengan berkesinambungan atau lestari. Salah satu elemen penting agar hutan alam dapat lestari dalam memberikan hasil adalah dengan meninggalkan cukup tegakan tinggal yang sehat pada setiap kali mengadakan tebang pilih.Tujuan dari study ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi sistim Tebang Pilih Indonesia (TPI), terutama dalam kaitannya dengan rotasi tebang, banyaknya pohon yang ditebang, dan banyaknya pohon sehat yang ditinggalkan. Dalam menentukan pilihan yang terbaik digunakan maksimalisasi nilai hutan yang didapat dengan menyusun model program linear (linear programing). Pertumbuhan (growth) dari hutan alam setelah diadakan penebangan diproyeksikan dengan model matrik transisi. Pohon dlkategorikan dalam dua grup yaitu diptrocarp dan non-diptrocarp, serta dalam 7 kelas diameter.Model program linear digunakan untuk mensimulasi 7 macam rotasi tebang, 3 tingkat suku bunga, 3 tingkat kerusakan tegakan, dan 6 macam sistim royalty,Hasil dari simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rotasi tebang yang optimal ditentukan oleh besarnya suku bunga serta tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal. Makin besar suku bunga yang digunakan makin pendek rotasi tebangan yang memberikan nilai hutan tertinggi, yang berarti bahwa penggunaan suku bunga yang tinggi memaksa untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya alam lebih cepat. Sebaliknya, bila kerusakan tegakan tinggal besar maka rotasi tebang harus lebih panjang,Dalam pada itu jumlah pohon tinggal yang sehat, serta jumlah pohon yang ditebang ditentukan oleh rotasi tebang serta tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal. Makin panjang rotasi tebang makin banyak jumlah pohon yang dapat ditebang dan ditinggalkan.Sebaliknya, makin besar kerusakan tegakan tinggal yang diperbolehkan, makin sedikit jumlah pohon yang dipungut dan yang ditinggalkan sebagai tegakan tinggal.
FAKTOR EKSPLOITASI DI HUTAN ALAM DIPTEROKARPA PULAU LAUT Apul Sianturi; Ishemat Soerianegara; Rahardjo S; Suparto Suparto; Syafii Manan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 1 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1984.1.1.1-10

Abstract

An investigation on the “exploitation  factor"  in the natural dipterocarp forest of Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan was carried out in 1981.  Sixty tree with a diameter at breat  height from 50  to 160  cm were selected at a sample from the stands in north and central Pulau Laut.                                                                                                                                  From the investigation the following conclusions are in order  : The logging waste in the natural dipterocarp forest of Pulau Laut is 20 percent, with a standard error of 1,4 percent. Exploitation factor in the Pulau Laut natural dipterocarp forest ranges from 76,8 to 82,4 percent, averaging 80 percent.The volumes of the trees obtained by estimating the diameters at breast height and the heights of the clear boles are consistanly smaller than those obtained by measuring the dimateres and lengths of the clear boles after the trees were cut especially in hilly forests. Both diameter and clear bole length have significant effect on exploitation factor, their relationship being quadratic.Optimum diameter for highest yield is approximately 77 cm. This however, requires further research especially in relation with silviculture and felling cycle.
Co-Authors Dulsalam Dulsalam Ishemat Soerianegara Rahardjo S Suparto Suparto Syafii Manan