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THE IMPACT OF LAND USE CHANGE TO THE HIDROLOGICAL CONDITION OF BALANGTIENG WATERSHED Edy Junaedi; M. Siarudin; Yongky Indrajaya; Ary Widiyanto
JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK Vol 7, No 1 (2016): JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK
Publisher : Pusat Litbang Sumber Daya Air, Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat

Changes in land use may affect the hydrology of a watershed. This study aims to assess the hydrological conditions due to land use changes. The hydrological condition was predicted under four scenarios: (1) scenario 1, land use condition as in map 2009; (2) Scenario 2 is a change of 50% cocoa-coffee agroforestry to clove system in upstream area, and to monoculture rubber system in the middle and downstream area; (3) Scenario 3 is a change of 25% cocoa-coffee agroforestry to clove system in upstream area, and to monoculture rubber system in the middle and downstream area; (4) Scenario 4 is a change of 50% cocoa-coffee agroforestry to clove system in upstream area, and to monoculture rubber system in the middle and downstream area with a reduction of deforestation rate by 50%); and (5), Scenario 5 is a change of 25% cocoa-coffee agroforestry to clove system in upstream area, and to monoculture rubber system in the middle and downstream area with a reduction of deforestation rate by 50%. The prediction of water balance was measuredusing GenRiver model. Result shows that land use changes under scenario 1 and 2 do not affect the hydrological conditions, but need to watch out for the occurrence of flash floods. Reduction of deforestation rate in scenarios 3 and 4 can further improve the watershed hydrological conditions and maintain peak discharge during the rainy season

Sapwood and Heartwood Contents on the Logs and Sawn Boards of Manglid (Manglieta glauca Bl.) Mohamad Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of sapwood and heartwood of manglid wood both in the logs and sawn boards; and to evaluate the differences of sapwood and heartwood content of sawn board from two sawing patterns: live sawing pattern and semi quarter sawing pattern. Totally 30 manglid logs coming from private forest in Sodonghilir sub-District, Tasikmalaya Regency were used as samples. About 35 sawn boards from each of sawing pattern were randomly chosen as specimens for sawn board observation. Result shows that manglid wood has thicker heartwood content than the sapwood on the log cross section, with the average of the heartwood and sapwood thickness is 17.04 and 6.57 cm, respectively. The thickness of heartwood part is positively correlated with the log diameter. Meanwhile, the percentage of the heartwood volume increases but the percentage of the sapwood decreases by the increasing of the log diameter. The higher thickness of the heartwood part compared to the sapwood part is consistent in the case of sawn board both from live sawing pattern and semi quarter pattern. Sawn board from the live sawing pattern has a lower sapwood percentage than the heartwood percentage on the width section.Key words: heartwood, live sawing, log, sapwood, semi quarter sawing

Kualitas Minyak Kayu Putih Hasil Penyulingan Daun Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa pada Musim Hujan dan Kering (The Quality of Cajuput Oil Distilled from the Leaves of Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa on Rainy and Dry Season) Ary Widiyanto; Aji Winara; Edy Junaidi; Mohamad Siarudin; Yonky Indrajaya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Wasur National Park, located in Merauke Regency, Papua, has various vegetation that could potentially yield cajuput oil, particularly those originated from Myrtaceae family. Among those are Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa. This research aimed to analysis the quality of cajuput oil distilled from the leaves of A. symphiocarpa. Initially, some amounts of leaves sample were plucked, either in the rainy and dry season. The distillation took place in the batch kettle, and each batch was charged of 12 kg of each fresh leaves. The distillation lasted for 4-5 hours, and every 30 minutes, the distilled oil was collected cumulatively. The cajuput oil from the leaves plucked on rainy season afforded the yield of 0.16%, specific gravity of 0.943, refractive index of 1.462, solubility in alcohol 1:1, optical rotations -5.2, and cineole content of 68%. Meanwhile, the corresponding value from those plucked in dry season were 0.33%, 0.912, 1.459, 1:1, -2.1, and 80%, respectively. The qualities of the overall cajuput oil from A. symphiocarpa leaves could satisfy the SNI 06-3954-2006 and belonged the main (U) class. With higher yield and greater cineole content, the cajuput oil obtained from the dry season’s leaves exhibited better qualities; hence it is more potential to be developed commercially.Keywords: Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa leaf, cajuput oil, dry season, rainy seasons.

POTENSI PRODUKSI DAUN DAN MINYAK KAYU PUTIH JENIS Asteromyrtus symhpyocarpa DI TAMAN NASIONAL WASUR Mohamad Siarudin; Aji Winara; Yonky Indrajaya; Edy Junaidi; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Hutan Tropis Vol 1, No 3 (2013): Jurnal Hutan Tropis Volume 1 Nomer 3 Edisi November 2013
Publisher : Lambung Mangkurat University-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jht.v1i3.1544

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi produksi daun dan minyak kayu putih jenis A. symphyocarpa yang ada di kawasan TN Wasur. Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di 3 lokasi dominan A. symphyocarpa: Mbembi, Samleber dan Sota. Pengukuran inventarisasi potensi vegetasi dilakukan pada 12 plot bersarang berukuran 20 m x 20 m di masing-masing lokasi (total 36 plot). Setiap pohon, tiang dan pancang diukur diameter setinggi dada dan jumlah dahannya, sementara tingkat semai dicacah jumlahnya. Sejumlah 9 sampel individu mewakili tingkat pohon, pancang dan tiang diambil 3 dahan per pohon kemudian timbang daunnya untuk memperkirakan berat daun per individu pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat tiang memiliki produksi daun kayu putih per pohon tertinggi dibanding tingkat pertumbuhan lainnya. Ketersediaan jenis A. symphyocarpa yang paling potensial untuk dipanen daunnya pada saat ini ada di tingkat pancang dan tiang berdasarkan kelimpahan di alam dan produksi daun per individu. Perkiraan total potensi produksi daun kayu putih jenis A. symphyocarpa di TN Wasur saat ini adalah 15.139,8 ton. Rata-rata potensi minyak kayu putih dari jenis A. symphyocarpa adalah 17,21 liter/ha atau total seluruh kawasan TN Nasional Wasur saat ini mencapai 402.450,45 liter.Kata kunci: Pohon, tiang, pancang, semai, minyak kayu putih

KARAKTERISTIK DAUN DAN RENDEMEN MINYAK ATSIRI LIMA JENIS TUMBUHAN KAYU PUTIH Ary Widiyanto; Mohamad Siarudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 31 No. 4 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.4.235-241

Leavessignifies as the most important part of cajuput-oil-producing tree species from which the corresponding oil is extracted. Dimensionof leaf vary among different genus and even among different trees within the same genus as well as within the same species. In relevant, this research aimed to look into the characteristics of the leaf and essential oil yield of the five cajuput-oil-producing tree species. Those investigated species consisted of Melaleuca viridiflora (red-flowered trees), M. vindiflora (wbite-flowered trees), M. cajuputi. Asteromyrtus brasii and A. symphiocarpa, which altogether indigenously grew at Wasur National Park, in Meranke (Papua). From those five species, approximately 6 kg of fresh leaf was taken and prepared for the steam-distillation process to extract their cajuput oil. In total, there were about 120 pieces of leaves as sampled that represented the dimension of all those five species. Results shows that the leaves of M. viridiflora cochibited the biggest dimension (length and width), while those of consecutively M. caiuputi bus the smallest length and A. brasii, bad the smallest width. Letter of A. symphiocarpa afforded the biggest sil yield (1,43%) and Melaleuca viridiflora (red-flowered trees) bad the smallest oil yield (0,1%).

SIFAT FISIK KAYU MANGLID (Manglieta glauca Bl.) PADA ARAH AKSIAL DAN RADIAL M. Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.2.135-143

Study on physical properties of manglid (Manglieta glauca Bl) wood on axial and radial orientation has been conducted. Three manglid trees were taken as samples from community forest in Sodongbilir Village, Sodongbilir Sub-district, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. The observation focused on physical properties on three positions of both accial orientation (bottom, midle and top of trunk) and radial orientation (near pith, middle and near bark). The parameters observed were fresh moisture content, air dry moisture content, and wood dimensional changes. Result shows that the average of fresh moisture content of manglid wood is 168.77%, air dry moisture content is 14.63%, specific gravity on fresh volume is 0.35, specific gravity on air dry volume is 0.36 and specific gravity kiln dry volume is 0.38. Based on its dimensional changes, manglid wood bas longitudinal shrinkage value of 1.51%, radial shrinkage value of 4.08%, tangential shrinkage value of 5.84%, and ratio of tangential and rudial shrinkage of 1.54. Physical properties of manglid wood on axial and radial orientation are varied for fresh miosture content and specific gravity, while the air dry moisture content and the dimensional changes are not significantly different. The trend of fresh moisture content value on axial orientation is increased from the bottom to the middle of the trunk, and then decreased ot the top of the trunk. On radial orientation, the fresh moisture content value consistently decreases from the pith to towards the bark. Specific grafity value on the axial orientation decreases from the bottom of the trunk to the midle, then increases on the top. In radial orientation, the specific gravity gravity ralue consistently increases from the pith towards the bark.

KUALITAS PAPAN KAYU MANGLID (Manglieta glauca BL.) PADA DUA POLA PENGGERGAJIAN Mohamad Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.1.10-16

This research aims to examine the quality of manglid (Manglieta glauca Bl.) sawn boards through two sawing patterns, based on the defective shape and fiber separation. Samples of manglid logs were taken from community forest in Sodongbilir village, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. A total of 35 sawn boards from each of live sawing pattern and semi-quarter sawing pattern were taken as specimens. The research results show that type of shape defects occurred were twisting defect (55,91%), curving defect (53,57%) and arcing defect (41,35%). In terms of the fiber separation defects, all of defect types occurred including closed rupture (18,25%), opened rupture (14,13%) and splitted (2,82%). The arcing and twisting defects are significantly different between the two sawing patterns. The curving defect, closed rupture, opened rupture, and splitting are relatively similar between the two sawing patterns. Sawn boards from live sawing pattern bave a lower arcing defect and percentage of fresh sapwood, but have a bigber curving defect than those from semi quarter sawing pattern. Based on those defective shape and fiber separation defects, sawn board exctracted from live sawing patterns show's better quality than those of semi quarter refering to the Indonesian National Standard.

SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA MINYAK KAYU PUTIH JENIS Asteromyrtus brasii Ary Widiyanto; Mohamad Siarudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 32 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.4.243-252

Asteromyrtus brassi, is one of the cajuput oil tree species in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua. However, the information on the chemical compound and physical properties (qualities) of cajuput oil produced from this species is still limited. This research aimed to measure the chemical compound and physical properties of cajuput oil distilled from the leaves of A.brassi trees which grow at the Wasur National Park. Chemical compound analysis is using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer method (GC-MS method). The analysis on the physical properties was applied to the cajuput oil distilled using steam method. The distillation lasted for 4-5 hours, and every interval of 30 minutes the distilled cajuput oil collected cumulatively and the total collected oil was examined for the yield and physco-chemical properties. The qualities of the overall cajuput oil from A. brassi- tree leaves couldn’t satisfy the standard (SNI 06-3954-2006) because of the specific gravity is below 0.9 and optical rotation of 9.8. Analysis result with GC-MS show there are 29 peak, with 5 of them has the higher intensity identified as 1,8 cineole (34,88% concentration), Trans-Beta-Ionon-5,6-Epoxide (21,26%), Formamide (CAS) Methanamide (11,20%), Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid (8,14%) and Alpha pinene (4,39%).

KARAKTERISTIK PENGUAPAN AIR DAN KUALITAS MINYAK PADA DAUN KAYU PUTIH JENIS Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa Mohamad Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 32 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.2.139-150

This paper studies the water evaporation characteristics and oil quality of Astermyrtus symphyocarpa cajuput leaves on various growth level. Sample were obtained from Wasur National Park, Merauke that includes nine plants represent three growth stages: tree, poles and sapling. Three branches were taken from each growth stages representing leaf density: dense, medium and less dense. Initial fresh condition of branches were weighed and water evaporation was calculated as weight reduction of branches during five days consecutive drying. Twelve kilogram of leaves were then distilled in the kettle by means of steaming method. Distillation process were repeated five times to replicate the processes studied and during distilation process which took about 4-5 hours, cajuput oils were collected every 30 minutes. The results show that fresh leaves collected from poles branches were the heaviest leaves that weight 163.56 g/branch, followed by fresh leaves collected from tree and sapling that weight 160.22 g/branch and 142.3 g/branch respectively. The highest water evaporation rate was achieved by tree branches (7.89 g/day), followed by poles (6.47 g/day) and sapling (6.28 g/day). Cajuput oil of Astermyrtus symphyocarpa yield is 0.33%, with the specific grafity of 0.912, refractive index of 1.459, alcohol solubility of 1:1, optical rotation of -2.1 and cineole content of 80%. According to properties mentioned, cajuput oil of Astermyrtus symphyocarpa could satisfy The Indonesian Standard for cajuput oil (SNI 06-3954-2006) and classified as the main (U) oil quality.

KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL KAYU KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) DAN BAMBU TALI (Gigantochloa apus Kurz) DENGAN PEREKAT LIKUIDA KAYU Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 29 No. 4 (2011): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2011.29.4.301-311

As an effort to utilize rubber wood waste and the abundant resource of tali bamboo a study of producing particle board using a mix of the two materials was conducted. In addition, in order to find an alternative to synthetic adbesive, natural adhesive of wood liquid was used. This research was conducted in a 3 x 3 factorial analisys in acomplete randomized block design with two replicates. The factors studied were the type of particles (rubber, bambino rope and mixtures with a ratio of 50:50 by oven dry weight) and levels of adhesive (10%, 15% and 20%. Results show that wood liquids adhesive is characterised with pH <1, riscosity 2,03 poise, solid content 91%, gelatin time (90) 9 min 48 sec, specific gravity 1,153 and having black colour. The characteristics do not fulfil requirement of SNI 06-0121-1987 for phenol adhesive. The producced particle board has a density of 0,83 g/cm², moisture content 6,9%, thickness swelling 19%, water adsorbtion 28%, MOE 10540 kgf/cmỉ, MOR 258 kgf/cm², and Internal Bond (IB) 2,2 kgf/cm². The characteristics also do not fulfill the requirement ofSNI 03-2105-1996for medium density particleboard. Further research is still needed to meet the SNI requirements.

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