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INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA KUMBANG MONCONG PADA AGROFORESTRI AKOR (Acacia auriculiformis) Endah Suhaendah; Mohamad Siarudin
Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Litbang Teknologi Agroforestry, Ciamis

Kombinasi jenis pohon dan tanaman pertanian pada sistem agroforestri dapat berpengaruh pada jenis dan intensitas serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase serangan dan intensitas serangan hama kumbang moncong pada dua pola agroforestri akor. Pengamatan dilakukan pada dua pola agroforestri berbasis akor, yaitu: akor (Acacia auriculiformis) + kacang gude hitam (Cajanus cajan) +padi (Oryza sativa) (Pola 1) dan pola akor (A. auriculiformis) + kacang gude hitam (C. cajan) + kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) (Pola 2). Jumlah sampel tanaman yang diamati adalah 30 pohon yang dipilih secara acak pada masing-masing pola. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan dan intensitas serangan hama kumbang moncong. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa persentase serangan Hypomeces squamosus mencapai 100% pada pola 1 dan 96,7% pada pola 2. Intensitas serangan kumbang moncong H. squamosus pada pola 1 dan pola masing-masing sebesar 81,06% dan 6,21%. Lebih tingginya intensitas serangan H. squamosus pada pola 1 disebabkan adanya tanaman padi sebagai inang lain H. squamosus. Upaya pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya pengelolaan ekosistem melalui rotasi tanaman padi dengan jenis lain yang bukan inang H. squamosus. Jika terjadi ledakan populasi hama maka digunakan pestisida nabati atau kimiawi secara selektif untuk mengembalikan populasi hama pada asas keseimbangannya dengan aplikasi ekstrak cabai rawit atau insektisida berbahan aktif acephate, carbaryl atau methamidophos.

Sapwood and Heartwood Contents on the Logs and Sawn Boards of Manglid (Manglieta glauca Bl.) Mohamad Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of sapwood and heartwood of manglid wood both in the logs and sawn boards; and to evaluate the differences of sapwood and heartwood content of sawn board from two sawing patterns: live sawing pattern and semi quarter sawing pattern. Totally 30 manglid logs coming from private forest in Sodonghilir sub-District, Tasikmalaya Regency were used as samples. About 35 sawn boards from each of sawing pattern were randomly chosen as specimens for sawn board observation. Result shows that manglid wood has thicker heartwood content than the sapwood on the log cross section, with the average of the heartwood and sapwood thickness is 17.04 and 6.57 cm, respectively. The thickness of heartwood part is positively correlated with the log diameter. Meanwhile, the percentage of the heartwood volume increases but the percentage of the sapwood decreases by the increasing of the log diameter. The higher thickness of the heartwood part compared to the sapwood part is consistent in the case of sawn board both from live sawing pattern and semi quarter pattern. Sawn board from the live sawing pattern has a lower sapwood percentage than the heartwood percentage on the width section.Key words: heartwood, live sawing, log, sapwood, semi quarter sawing

Kualitas Minyak Kayu Putih Hasil Penyulingan Daun Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa pada Musim Hujan dan Kering (The Quality of Cajuput Oil Distilled from the Leaves of Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa on Rainy and Dry Season) Ary Widiyanto; Aji Winara; Edy Junaidi; Mohamad Siarudin; Yonky Indrajaya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Wasur National Park, located in Merauke Regency, Papua, has various vegetation that could potentially yield cajuput oil, particularly those originated from Myrtaceae family. Among those are Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa. This research aimed to analysis the quality of cajuput oil distilled from the leaves of A. symphiocarpa. Initially, some amounts of leaves sample were plucked, either in the rainy and dry season. The distillation took place in the batch kettle, and each batch was charged of 12 kg of each fresh leaves. The distillation lasted for 4-5 hours, and every 30 minutes, the distilled oil was collected cumulatively. The cajuput oil from the leaves plucked on rainy season afforded the yield of 0.16%, specific gravity of 0.943, refractive index of 1.462, solubility in alcohol 1:1, optical rotations -5.2, and cineole content of 68%. Meanwhile, the corresponding value from those plucked in dry season were 0.33%, 0.912, 1.459, 1:1, -2.1, and 80%, respectively. The qualities of the overall cajuput oil from A. symphiocarpa leaves could satisfy the SNI 06-3954-2006 and belonged the main (U) class. With higher yield and greater cineole content, the cajuput oil obtained from the dry season’s leaves exhibited better qualities; hence it is more potential to be developed commercially.Keywords: Asteromyrtus symphiocarpa leaf, cajuput oil, dry season, rainy seasons.

KARAKTERISTIK DAUN DAN RENDEMEN MINYAK ATSIRI LIMA JENIS TUMBUHAN KAYU PUTIH Ary Widiyanto; Mohamad Siarudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 31 No. 4 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.4.235-241

Leavessignifies as the most important part of cajuput-oil-producing tree species from which the corresponding oil is extracted. Dimensionof leaf vary among different genus and even among different trees within the same genus as well as within the same species. In relevant, this research aimed to look into the characteristics of the leaf and essential oil yield of the five cajuput-oil-producing tree species. Those investigated species consisted of Melaleuca viridiflora (red-flowered trees), M. vindiflora (wbite-flowered trees), M. cajuputi. Asteromyrtus brasii and A. symphiocarpa, which altogether indigenously grew at Wasur National Park, in Meranke (Papua). From those five species, approximately 6 kg of fresh leaf was taken and prepared for the steam-distillation process to extract their cajuput oil. In total, there were about 120 pieces of leaves as sampled that represented the dimension of all those five species. Results shows that the leaves of M. viridiflora cochibited the biggest dimension (length and width), while those of consecutively M. caiuputi bus the smallest length and A. brasii, bad the smallest width. Letter of A. symphiocarpa afforded the biggest sil yield (1,43%) and Melaleuca viridiflora (red-flowered trees) bad the smallest oil yield (0,1%).

KUALITAS PAPAN KAYU MANGLID (Manglieta glauca BL.) PADA DUA POLA PENGGERGAJIAN Mohamad Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.1.10-16

This research aims to examine the quality of manglid (Manglieta glauca Bl.) sawn boards through two sawing patterns, based on the defective shape and fiber separation. Samples of manglid logs were taken from community forest in Sodongbilir village, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. A total of 35 sawn boards from each of live sawing pattern and semi-quarter sawing pattern were taken as specimens. The research results show that type of shape defects occurred were twisting defect (55,91%), curving defect (53,57%) and arcing defect (41,35%). In terms of the fiber separation defects, all of defect types occurred including closed rupture (18,25%), opened rupture (14,13%) and splitted (2,82%). The arcing and twisting defects are significantly different between the two sawing patterns. The curving defect, closed rupture, opened rupture, and splitting are relatively similar between the two sawing patterns. Sawn boards from live sawing pattern bave a lower arcing defect and percentage of fresh sapwood, but have a bigber curving defect than those from semi quarter sawing pattern. Based on those defective shape and fiber separation defects, sawn board exctracted from live sawing patterns show's better quality than those of semi quarter refering to the Indonesian National Standard.

SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA MINYAK KAYU PUTIH JENIS Asteromyrtus brasii Ary Widiyanto; Mohamad Siarudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 32 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.4.243-252

Asteromyrtus brassi, is one of the cajuput oil tree species in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua. However, the information on the chemical compound and physical properties (qualities) of cajuput oil produced from this species is still limited. This research aimed to measure the chemical compound and physical properties of cajuput oil distilled from the leaves of A.brassi trees which grow at the Wasur National Park. Chemical compound analysis is using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer method (GC-MS method). The analysis on the physical properties was applied to the cajuput oil distilled using steam method. The distillation lasted for 4-5 hours, and every interval of 30 minutes the distilled cajuput oil collected cumulatively and the total collected oil was examined for the yield and physco-chemical properties. The qualities of the overall cajuput oil from A. brassi- tree leaves couldn’t satisfy the standard (SNI 06-3954-2006) because of the specific gravity is below 0.9 and optical rotation of 9.8. Analysis result with GC-MS show there are 29 peak, with 5 of them has the higher intensity identified as 1,8 cineole (34,88% concentration), Trans-Beta-Ionon-5,6-Epoxide (21,26%), Formamide (CAS) Methanamide (11,20%), Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid (8,14%) and Alpha pinene (4,39%).

KARAKTERISTIK PENGUAPAN AIR DAN KUALITAS MINYAK PADA DAUN KAYU PUTIH JENIS Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa Mohamad Siarudin; Ary Widiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 32 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.2.139-150

This paper studies the water evaporation characteristics and oil quality of Astermyrtus symphyocarpa cajuput leaves on various growth level. Sample were obtained from Wasur National Park, Merauke that includes nine plants represent three growth stages: tree, poles and sapling. Three branches were taken from each growth stages representing leaf density: dense, medium and less dense. Initial fresh condition of branches were weighed and water evaporation was calculated as weight reduction of branches during five days consecutive drying. Twelve kilogram of leaves were then distilled in the kettle by means of steaming method. Distillation process were repeated five times to replicate the processes studied and during distilation process which took about 4-5 hours, cajuput oils were collected every 30 minutes. The results show that fresh leaves collected from poles branches were the heaviest leaves that weight 163.56 g/branch, followed by fresh leaves collected from tree and sapling that weight 160.22 g/branch and 142.3 g/branch respectively. The highest water evaporation rate was achieved by tree branches (7.89 g/day), followed by poles (6.47 g/day) and sapling (6.28 g/day). Cajuput oil of Astermyrtus symphyocarpa yield is 0.33%, with the specific grafity of 0.912, refractive index of 1.459, alcohol solubility of 1:1, optical rotation of -2.1 and cineole content of 80%. According to properties mentioned, cajuput oil of Astermyrtus symphyocarpa could satisfy The Indonesian Standard for cajuput oil (SNI 06-3954-2006) and classified as the main (U) oil quality.

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