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I Ketut Wisarja

Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri Denpasar

Author-ID : 2655355

Humanities Education Social Sciences

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MEMBACA ULANG PEMIKIRAN GANDHI TENTANG KEMANUSIAAN I Ketut Wisarja; I Ketut Sudarsana
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jish-undiksha.v7i1.12987

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is a humanist fighter from India. The struggles of his life both in India and in South Africa have prompted him to become a humanitarian fighter with the "Nonviolent Movement". Gandhi, even though his people were gone hundreds of years ago, but his thoughts still leave interesting things to be studied in the present masses and in the upcoming masses. Gandhi's thoughts about humanity are profound and utopian, so they still have the appeal to be studied by the persecutors and observers of nonviolence. Every move Gandhi struggle always stressed the importance of respecting humanity, because humans can develop themselves and foster unity throughout the world with love. The ability to love enables human beings to change, evolves toward improvement and perfection. Gandhi's humanitarian thoughts, then branched out by seeing British atrocities in India, especially the "Amritsar Massacre" and other atrocities in Punyab by British colonials, brought him into the realm of politics he did not really want. Gandhi's efforts against British rule did not mean the destruction of the English, but a movement against the practice of colonialism with the movements of ahimsa, satyagraha, swadesi, and hartal (civil-disobedience, noncooperation and fasting). It means that Gandhi's struggle against the British colonial remains on the respect and respect of humanity, the enemy must be defeated not by humiliation, but by uplifting.

Praksis Pendidikan Menurut Habermas (Rekonstruksi Teori Evolusi Sosial Melalui Proses Belajar Masyarakat) I Ketut Wisarja; I Ketut Sudarsana
IJER (Indonesian Journal of Educational Research) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Volume 2 No 1 2017
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi

Abstrak Habermas yang bernama lengkap Jurgen Habermas seorang filosuf Jerman dari mazhab kritis. Ia mengkritik habis epistemologi pendahulunya yakni; Karl Marx terhadap pengandaian-pengandaian dan material historis sebagai cacat fundamental, yang mengkaitkan secara linier kemajuan rasionalitas manusia dengan perkembangan alat-alat produksi. Habermas mengatakan ini dapat terjadi karena materialisme historis mengesampingkan segi-segi komunikatif yang mendasari formasi sosial baru disetiap tahap perkembangan masyarakat. Proses belajar masyarakat secara evolusioner tergantung pada kompetensi individu-individu yang menjadi anggotanya. Kompetensi itu tidak dikembangkan secara individual dan terisolasi, tetapi dengan interaksi sosial melalui perantara struktur-struktur simbolis yang berasal dari dunia kehidupan mereka. Perkembangan kompetensi ini terjadi dalam tiga tahap komunikasi yang oleh Habermas disebut “Sketsa tiga tahap perkembangan kompetensi komunikatif”.Pengendalian teknis terhadap proses-proses yang objektif atau yang diobjektifkan telah menggantikan emansipasi manusia. Kolonisasi paradigma sistem terhadap paradigma dunia-kehidupan telah mengarahkan kesadaran hidup bersama pada perilaku yang manipulatif. Konsekuensi logisnya, wacana pendidikan cenderung mengarahkan dirinya ke dalam logika sistem-industri yang tengah terselenggara, dengan demikian pendidikan niscaya mempertautkan dirinya dengan gerak modernisasi. Kata Kunci: praksis pendidikan, rekonstruksi teori evolusi sosial, dan proses belajar masyarakat. Abstract [Education Praxis according to Habermas (Reconstruction of Social Evolution Theory Through Community Learning Process).]Habermas whose full name is Jurgen Habermas a German philosopher from a critical school. He criticized the epistemology of his predecessors, namely; Karl Marx against historical assumptions and materials as fundamental flaws, which linearly associate the progress of human rationality with the development of the means of production. Habermas says this can happen because historical materialism ignores the communicative aspects underlying new social formations at every stage of community development. The evolutionary process of community learning depends on the competence of the individuals who are members. The competence is not developed individually and isolated, but by social interaction through the intermediaries of the symbolic structures derived from their living world. This development of competence occurs in three stages of communication which Habermas calls the "Sketch of the three stages of the development of communicative competence".The technical control of objective or objectified processes has replaced human emancipation. The colonization of the system paradigm against the life-world paradigm has directed awareness of coexistence on manipulative behavior. The logical consequence, the educational discourse tends to direct itself into the logic of the established industry-system, so education necessarily links itself to the motion of modernization. Keywords: education practices, reconstruction of social evolution theory, and community learning process

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