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All Journal Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Sanjiwani: Jurnal Filsafat Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi International Journal on Hindu Culture
I Made Surada
Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
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Mīmāṁsā Darśana dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Ajaran Agama Hindu di Bali I Made Surada
Sanjiwani: Jurnal Filsafat Vol 12 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

Darśana is not just speculation or conjecture, but it has a very sublime, noble, distinctive and systematic value based on mystical spiritual experience. Nava darśana which are the Nine Hindu philosophical systems, are the nine means of correct teaching or the nine ways of proof of truth.One of the Nava Darśana, namely Mīmāṁsā. Mīmāṁsā greatly influenced the teachings of Hinduism in Bali. Mīmāṁsā teaches the way to attain deliverance (mokṣa) is to perform yajña as taught in the Vedas. In the endeavor to attain release it cannot be achieved in one birth, but must be achieved gradually, step by step, through several births. Every time a person performs a yajña, he will get a reward in the form of apūrwa, which is a force or energy that is not visible in the soul of the person who performs the yajña. With frequent yajña, the apūrva attains a certain cumulative level, which can lead the soul to deliverance.
Śivarātri: Makna Perayaan Malam Śiwa I Made Surada
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (340.818 KB) | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v12i1.1134

Abstract

Śivarātri means the night of Śiva. Śiva is one of the manifestations of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Waśa in its function as a reformer or fuser of everything that deserves to be fused or pralina to achieve holiness or self-awareness that gives hope for happiness.In the context of Śivarātri, of course there is Brata Śivarātri. Śivarātri brata is the main duty or firm promise to carry out the Śivarātri teachings.The day of Śivarātri has a special meaning for mankind, because on this day Sang Hyang Śiva does yoga. In this connection, Hindus carry out activities that lead to efforts to purify themselves by concentrating their thoughts before Sang Hyang in an effort to find self-awareness. This is manifested by the practice of brata in the form of upawasa, monabrata and jagra.The entry ceremony of Śivarātri which gives knowledge to humans to realize that the best human being must have sin during his life. Likewise, the ugliest human being must have been good during his life. Celebration, Śivarāri motivates every Hindu to always be aware by trying as much as possible to avoid doing prayer and always endeavoring to multiply dharma deeds.
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE IN THE GANAPATI TATTWA MANUSCRIPT: SANSKRIT–KAWI AS A MEDIUM FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF VEDIC EPISTEMOLOGY IN NUSANTARA Putu Eka Sura Adnyana; I Made Surada
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON HINDU CULTURE Vol. 4 No. 02 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

The transmission of Vedic knowledge across civilizations has depended not only on sacred texts but also on the linguistic systems through which religious knowledge is preserved, interpreted, and transmitted. Within the Hindu intellectual tradition of Nusantara, the coexistence of Sanskrit and Kawi in palm-leaf manuscripts represents a distinctive bilingual tradition that has sustained the continuity of Vedic thought. However, existing scholarship has primarily examined Lontar Ganapati Tattwa from philological, theological, or cosmological perspectives, while its Sanskrit–Kawi bilingual structure as an epistemological mechanism remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates how the Sanskrit–Kawi linguistic system functions as a medium for transmitting Vedic epistemology in Nusantara from the perspective of the philosophy of language. Employing a qualitative library-based approach, the study integrates philological analysis, philosophical hermeneutics, and qualitative content analysis. The primary source is the Lontar Ganapati Tattwa manuscript, supported by scholarly works on Sanskrit, Hindu philosophy, manuscript studies, and the philosophy of language. The findings demonstrate that Sanskrit and Kawi operate as complementary epistemological systems: Sanskrit preserves the canonical authority of Vedic teachings, while Kawi contextualizes and interprets them within the cultural horizon of Nusantara. Furthermore, Vedic knowledge is transmitted through interconnected processes of preservation, hermeneutic interpretation, cultural internalization, and intergenerational regeneration, illustrating that vernacularization involves epistemic reinterpretation rather than mere translation. The study proposes the Sanskrit–Kawi Epistemic Transmission Model, offering a new conceptual framework for understanding the transmission of religious knowledge and providing practical implications for Hindu manuscript preservation, Sanskrit–Kawi studies, Hindu education, and the revitalization of Nusantara intellectual heritage.
THE EXISTENCE OF TIKA FOR AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES IN TABANAN REGENCY I Made Gami Sandi Untara; I Made Surada; I Gede Sutarya
Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Vol 10 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

Before the advent of calendars that were as easy to find as they are today, people used a tool called Tika to look for Padewasan ayu (good times). Tika is excerpts from the wariga teachings, which is a permanent, traditional calendar for Hindus in Bali, which uses certain signs (codes), as representatives of one of the wêwaran or ingkel. It was with Tika that the agrarian community in Tabanan Regency in ancient times not only sought Padewasan farming but also panca yajña activities. The method being used in this research is a qualitative method. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, literature and document studies. The theories used in the analysis are: (1) Phenomenological Theory, and (2) Functionalism Theory, (3) Religious Theory and (4) Hermeneutic Theory. The results of the research show that 1) The existence of Tika is important for the agrarian community in Tabanan Regency because a) Tika is a Padewasan tool, b) Tika is a Padewasan guide, c) Tika is a work product and cultural product, d) Tika is a form of implementation of the Tri Hita Karana e) Tika is an educational medium about time awareness, 2) The function of Tika for the agrarian community in Tabanan Regency is a) Padewasan function, b) Symbolic function, c) Cultural preservation function, d) Socio-religious function, e) Didactic function. 3) The implications of Tika for agricultural communities in Tabanan Regency, namely a) Eco-Religious Implications, b) Implications for fertile agricultural products, c) Cultural Implications, d) Implications for Seasonal Changes. This research found that Tika is a traditional calendar that uses certain signs (codes) according to local genius wisdom or the wishes of the Tika maker which is used as a tool to make it easier for people to find Padewasan or rerahinan in the village and the whereabouts of Tika at this time in the agrarian community in Tabanan Regency has been abandoned and has been replaced with the calendar; which is much more efficient and effective in finding Padewasan. It is because determining Padewasan using the Tika system is quite complicated to find, apart from having to understand the symbols contained in Tika, you also have to comprehend Wêwaran and Wuku.
HINDU ECOTHEOLOGY IN VEDIC LITERATURE: A SOCIO-THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GOD-HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONS Putu Eka Sura Adnyana; I Made Surada; Ni Nyoman Suryani; Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri
Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Vol 10 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

The global environmental crisis shows that ecological issues cannot be understood solely as technical problems, but also as moral, spiritual, and paradigmatic crises. This article analyzes Hindu ecotheology in Vedic literature through a socio-theological approach with a focus on the relationship between humans and nature. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method based on a literature review of the Vedic Śruti and Smṛti texts, with hermeneutic analysis and socio-theological interpretation. The results of the study show that Vedic cosmology views nature as a sacred order governed by the principle of ṛta, and places humans as an integral part of the cosmos. The main principles of Vedic ecotheology, known as the four Vedic ecotheologies, namely the sacredness of nature, yajña, dharma, and ahimsa, form a cosmocentric ethical framework that challenges the modern anthropocentric and exploitative paradigm. This study also asserts that the contemporary ecological crisis reflects humanity's disconnection from the cosmic order. Theoretically, this article contributes to enriching the global discourse on religion and the environment by presenting a Hindu perspective based on the Vedic scriptures and offering an ecological ethical paradigm relevant to sustainable civilization development.
Co-Authors Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri Gede Agus Siswadi I Gede Sutarya I Made Gami Sandi Untara I Made Wiguna Yasa Ni Nyoman Suryani Putu Eka Sura Adnyana