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Beak Line and Eye Alignment as Phenotypic Sexing for Domestic Canaries (Serinus canaria) Afif Muhammad Akrom; Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Yanuartono Yanuartono; Trini Susmiati; Alfarisa Nururrozi; Slamet Raharjo; Rief Ghulam Satria Permana; Puveanthan Nagappan Govendan
Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 8 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Sci and Tech, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/bio.v8i1.11115

Phenotypic sexing of birds is a common practice among the songbird-keeping community, yet it is based on non-reputable information. This study aims to determine the sex of canaries (Serinus canaria) based on the alignment of the eye with the beak line. A total of 26 samples, consisting of six samples of one-month-old canaries (three males and three females based on PCR examination), 20 samples of six-month-old canaries (ten proven breeding pairs) were used in this study. The birds' heads were photographed from the sides, and then the positions of the eyes were compared with the shadow alignment of the beak. The results provided that five young birds and ten adult birds have a beak line alignment under the eye, while ten adult birds and one young bird have a beak line alignment across the eye. The accuracy of sexing using this method was 100% for both female and male adult canaries. However, this result could not be applied to sample that are not yet sexually mature, as two young male birds were found to have beak alignment below the eye. It can be concluded that sexing adult canaries can be performed by observing the eye and beak line's alignment.

Brief Review: The Negative Impact Of Mimosin in L. leucocephala in Ruminant Animals and Processing Methods to Reduce Poisoning Effects on Ruminant Livestock Yanuartono Yanuartono; Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Alfarisa Nururrozi; Slamet Raharjo; Hary Purnamaningsih
Journal of Livestock Science and Production Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Journal of Livestock Science and Production
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jalspro.v3i2.2037

Leucaena leucocephala, a high-quality ruminant feed, is essential for livestock production in the tropics, despite the presence of mimosine in the leaves. Mimosine, in high concentrations, can severely affect animal health and performance. Mimosine and its metabolites, 3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-piridon (DHP), are toxic to ruminants and caused hair loss, slow growth, and oral ulceration, whereas DHP is goitrogenic because it is analogous to tyrosine so resulting in goiter. Mimosine and its metabolites are the main hindrance blocks for the utilization of L.leucocephala as animal feed. Characteristic signs of L.leucocephala toxicity are alopecia, anorexia, reduced weight gain, and weight loss, excessive salivation, esophageal lesions, enlarged thyroid and low circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the research workers had tried to develop different methods to eliminate the toxicological effects of mimosine and its metabolites. This paper aims to briefly review the negative effects of mimosine from L. leucocephala and its processing to reduce the toxic effects on ruminants. Keywords: Leucaena leucocephala, mimosine, toxicity, metabolites

Nematodes Resistance on Anthelmintics Group of Benzimidazole in Ruminants Yanuartono Yanuartono; Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Alfarisa Nururrozi; Hary Purnamaningsih
Journal of Livestock Science and Production Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Journal of Livestock Science and Production
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jalspro.v3i1.1464

One factor that inhibits the increase in ruminant productivity is nematode infection. It’s cause a decrease in feed intake, weight gain, milk production, disease, death, and expensive medical expenses The control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in livestock, over the past decades is primarily based on the preventive or curative use of chemotherapeutics and generally uses broad-spectrum anthelmintic such as benzimidazole, probenzimidazole, imidazothiazole, macrolide and ivermectin. The widespread use of several antelmintic groups now causes an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes resistance against anthelmintics. Anthelmintics derived from various types of plants are expected to replace the benzimidazole so that it can reduce the level of resistance of the gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. However, for the future there is still a lot of research needed to further improve the ability of natural medicinal drugs to cope with gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants. Keywords : benzimidazole, nematode,resistance, ruminants

Brief Review: The Negative Impact Of Mimosin in L. leucocephala in Ruminant Animals and Processing Methods to Reduce Poisoning Effects on Ruminant Livestock Yanuartono Yanuartono; Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Alfarisa Nururrozi; Slamet Raharjo; Hary Purnamaningsih
Journal of Livestock Science and Production Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Journal of Livestock Science and Production
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jalspro.v3i2.2037

Leucaena leucocephala, a high-quality ruminant feed, is essential for livestock production in the tropics, despite the presence of mimosine in the leaves. Mimosine, in high concentrations, can severely affect animal health and performance. Mimosine and its metabolites, 3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-piridon (DHP), are toxic to ruminants and caused hair loss, slow growth, and oral ulceration, whereas DHP is goitrogenic because it is analogous to tyrosine so resulting in goiter. Mimosine and its metabolites are the main hindrance blocks for the utilization of L.leucocephala as animal feed. Characteristic signs of L.leucocephala toxicity are alopecia, anorexia, reduced weight gain, and weight loss, excessive salivation, esophageal lesions, enlarged thyroid and low circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the research workers had tried to develop different methods to eliminate the toxicological effects of mimosine and its metabolites. This paper aims to briefly review the negative effects of mimosine from L. leucocephala and its processing to reduce the toxic effects on ruminants. Keywords: Leucaena leucocephala, mimosine, toxicity, metabolites

Nematodes Resistance on Anthelmintics Group of Benzimidazole in Ruminants Yanuartono Yanuartono; Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Alfarisa Nururrozi; Hary Purnamaningsih
Journal of Livestock Science and Production Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Journal of Livestock Science and Production
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jalspro.v3i1.1464

One factor that inhibits the increase in ruminant productivity is nematode infection. It’s cause a decrease in feed intake, weight gain, milk production, disease, death, and expensive medical expenses The control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in livestock, over the past decades is primarily based on the preventive or curative use of chemotherapeutics and generally uses broad-spectrum anthelmintic such as benzimidazole, probenzimidazole, imidazothiazole, macrolide and ivermectin. The widespread use of several antelmintic groups now causes an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes resistance against anthelmintics. Anthelmintics derived from various types of plants are expected to replace the benzimidazole so that it can reduce the level of resistance of the gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. However, for the future there is still a lot of research needed to further improve the ability of natural medicinal drugs to cope with gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants. Keywords : benzimidazole, nematode,resistance, ruminants

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