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Respon dan Seleksi Tanaman Kentang Terhadap Kekeringan (Response and Selection of Potato Plants to Drought) Tri Handayani; nFN Kusmana; Helmi Kurniawan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 28, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p163-174

Kekeringan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang. Persilangan dengan tujuan toleran kekeringan telah dilakukan dan dilanjutkan dengan seleksi terbatas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari respon tanaman kentang terhadap kekeringan dan melakukan seleksi klon-klon hasil persilangan untuk sifat toleran kekeringan. Materi yang digunakan adalah 78 nomor hasil seleksi progeni kekeringan tahun 2015. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara tanaman pada kondisi kekeringan dan pengairan normal di dalam Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, pada tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh terhadap karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil. Pada kondisi kekeringan, vigor tanaman menurun dan menunjukkan gejala layu, menguning, serta daun menggulung ke atas. Kekeringan juga menyebabkan penurunan pada diameter batang (41,4%), jumlah batang (6,63%), tinggi tanaman (22,43%), diameter kanopi (18,76%), luas daun (53,7%), jumlah ubi pertanaman (17,54%), berat ubi pertanaman (70,35%), panjang ubi (44,45%) serta diameter ubi (42,85%). Respon tanaman terhadap kekeringan yang lain ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan kadar prolin daun dan klorofil. Seleksi berdasarkan perubahan karakter morfologi, pertumbuhan vegetatif serta produksi ubi, diperoleh 26 genotipe yang berpotensi memiliki sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan. Genotipe terseleksi tersebut memiliki kisaran jumlah ubi per tanaman 1,67 – 12,25, berat ubi per tanaman 26,45 – 80,775 g, panjang ubi 2,05 – 3,4 cm serta diameter ubi 1,43 – 3,06 cm. Hasil dari seleksi kekeringan ini akan dilanjutkan ke seleksi di lapangan untuk mendapatkan klon unggul kentang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Ketersediaan klon kentang toleran kekeringan dapat menjawab ancaman menurunnya produksi kentang akibat perubahan iklim.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum L.; Produksi ubi; Prolin; Toleran kekeringan AbstractDrought is very influential towards the growth and production of the potato crop. A crossing to drought-tolerant genotypes was conducted and continued with a progeny selection. The aims of this study were to study the response of the potato plant to drought stress and to select potato clones resulted from conventional crossing for drought tolerant. The genetic materials tested were 78 progenies resulted from drought selection in 2015. The study was conducted by comparing plants in drought and normal irrigation conditions in the Greenhouse of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, in 2016. Results showed that drought stress affected potato growth as well as tuber yield. On drought conditions, potato plants tend to be poor of plant vigor, showed wilting symptom, yellowing leaves and roll up of the leaves. Drought stress caused the decline of stem diameter of (41.4%), main stem number (6.63%), plant height (22.43%), canopy diameter (18.76%), leaf area (53.7%), per plant tuber number (17.54%), per plant tuber weight (70.35%), tuber length (44.45%) and tuber diameter (42.85%). Another response to drought was the increasing level of proline and chlorophyll in leaf. Based on morphological character changes, vegetative growth and tuber production, 26 genotypes demonstrated potential drought tolerance. The selected genotypes will be used to the next selection in the field to get stable drought-tolerant potato clones. The availability of drought-tolerant potato clones can respond to the threat of reduced potato production due to climate change.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Development of DNA Fingerprints of 20 Indonesian Local Chili Pepper Varieties Based on SSR Markers Rerenstradika Tizar Terryana; Nadia Della Savitri Ayu Ningrum; Kristianto Nugroho; Darmawan Saptadi; Helmi Kurniawan; Puji Lestari
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 16, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v16n2.2020.p45-58

Chili pepper is one of the most valuable horticultural crops, widely cultivated in Indonesia. Analysis of its genetic diversity is needed to develop successful breeding programs of local varieties. Simple sequence repeat (SSR), a robust molecular marker used for genetic diversity analysis in plant species, offers potential, reliable DNA fingerprinting method to assess genetic variation and varietal identification of chili pepper. Fifteen SSR markers were used in this study to analyze the genetic diversity and develop profiling identification of DNA fingerprint of local chili pepper varieties. Twenty local and two improved varieties of three chili pepper species, consisting of 3, 1, and 18 varieties of Capsicum frutescens, C. chinense, and C. annuum, respectively, were assessed for their SSR polymorphism. A total of 87 alleles was obtained from the polymorphism analysis with high alleles variation (2–16 alleles) with average total allele of 5.8 and average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.59 (0.34–0.83). Clustering and Principle Coordinate Analyses (PCoA) classified the varieties into two groups with coefficient of similarity of 0.65 indicating their high genetic variability. Most local varieties belonged to the same cluster and separated from the two improved varieties. Based on PIC values and dendrogram with selected markers, five SSR markers, i.e. EPMS441, EPMS331, EPMS335, GPMS194, and CaSSRBio1.1, were identified as SSR marker set for DNA fingerprinting purposes. SSR marker set used in this study was successful in developing the varietal identity of local chili pepper varieties, as indicated by unique code of each variety.

Uji Kualitas Ubi Beberapa Klon Kentang Hasil Persilangan untuk Bahan Baku Keripik Helmi Kurniawan; Tarkus Suganda
Jurnal Agro Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/79

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kualitas ubi beberapa klon kentang hasil persilangan sebagai bahan baku keripik. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Bulan Mei sampai Bulan Juli 2013 di Laboratorium Pasca Panen Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran.Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari 6 klon hasil persilangan dan 3 varietas pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan klon kentang memberikan pengaruh terhadap warna, rasa, kerenyahan, dan penampilan keripik yang dihasilkan dan klon kentang terbaik yang memenuhi persyaratan kualitas sebagai bahan baku keripik kentang adalah klon AR 08.The objective of the research was to determine the quality of potato clones derived fromcrossing for potato chips. The research was conducted from May to July 2013 in Postharvest Laboratory of Research Institute for Vegetables, and arranged in a completely randomized design with tree replications. Quality test of 6 clones derived from crossing and 3 varieties control. The results showed that the difference in potato clones give effect to the color, taste, crispyness, and the appearance of the resulting chips and potato clones that best meet the quality requirements for potato chips was cloned AR 08.UJI KUALITAS UBI BEBERAPA KLON KENTANG HASIL PERSILANGAN UNTUK BAHAN BAKU KERIPIK

Seleksi dan Adaptasi Empat Calon Varietas Unggul Buncis Tegak untuk Dataran Medium (Selection and Adaptation of Four Variety Candidates Superior Bush Bean Varieties for Medium Land) Diny Djuariah; Rini Rosliani; Helmi Kurniawan; Liferdi Lukman
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n1.2016.p49-58

Buncis merupakan salah satu sayuran yang mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumber gizi masyarakat dan sebagai sumber ekonomi. Rerata hasil buncis masih rendah (< 15 t/ha). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi buncis baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, yaitu melalui penggunaan benih bermutu tinggi. Benih bermutu tinggi dapat berupa varietas unggul baru buncis tegak, yang sampai saat ini belum ada varietas yang didaftar. Skrining kultivar-kultivar buncis tegak telah dilakukan dan menghasilkan empat kultivar yang menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Hasil dari uji pendahuluan dan uji lanjutan menunjukkan ternyata buncis tegak cocok untuk dikembangkan di dataran medium dan dataran rendah sampai 200 m dpl. Oleh karena itu, sebagai syarat untuk pendaftaran varietas telah dilakukan uji keunggulan di tiga lokasi dataran medium dan dua musim tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium, kualitas baik (seragam, renyah, dan polong hijau terang) dan produksi tinggi (> 20 t/ha). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima nomor yang diuji, yaitu Le - 02, Le - 44, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 serta BC 02 sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 merupakan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium yang disukai konsumen dan produksi lebih besar, masing-masing 16,25 t/ha, 19,50 t/ha, dan 19,71 t/ha. Dari hasil kegiatan uji keunggulan ini didapat tiga calon varietas unggul buncis tegak berkualitas baik dan produksi tinggi dan beralasan untuk didaftarkan.KeywordsVarietas unggul; Buncis tegak; Seleksi dan adaptasi; Dataran mediumAbstractBush bean is one of vegetable crops as a sources of nutrient and valuable economically. Average yield is still low (<15 t/ha). Application of new superior varieties may be improve yield and quality of bush bean. From cultivar selection activities, it has been gained four new superior cultivars. Results from preliminary and further studies it was revealed that the new superior cultivars are suitable and adapted, and can be developed for both medium and low altitudes up to 200 m asl. Those new superior varieties were tested for multi-locations test at three different medium land for two planting seasons (rainy). The goal of these experiments is to find out the new superior varieties of bush beans for medium land which give high yield and quality (>15 t/ha). A randomized block design with four replications will be arranged in the field. Treatments comprised of four candidate of superior cultivars of bush beans, viz. Le-02, Le-44, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, and Balitsa 3 and BC 02 (control cultivars). The result showed that Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2 and Balitsa 3 the superior cultivars that are suitable for medium land and the yield > each production is 16,25 t/ha, 19,50 t/ha, and 19,71 t/ha. If can be concluded superior test, all list three candidat strains with high yield and qualities are suitable and reasonable to be released.

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