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KARAKTERISASI Erwinia chrysanthemi PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BUSUK BAKTERI PADA DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) . SUPRIADI; NILDAR IBRAHIM; . TARYONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.45-48

Penyakit busuk (soft rot) pada daun tanaman lidah buaya (Aloe vera) disebabkan oleh F.rwima chrysanthemi pertama kali dilaporkan di Kcpulauan Kaibia tahun 1992. Pada awal tahun 2001, gejala pcnyakil busuk daun juga ditemukan pada tanaman lidah buaya di Semplak, Jawa Barat. Mengingat kerusakan yang ditimbulkan berupa pembusukan pada daun dan pangkal batang yang parah dalam waktu singkat, maka diduga penyebabnya cukup ganas dan dikhawatirkan dapat menjadi kendala pengembangan tanaman lidah buaya yang akhir-akhir ini sedang banyak diminati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidcntifikasi penyebab penyakit tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteri Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, dari bulan April - Agustus 2001. Contoh daun lidah buaya sakit berasal dari kebun petani di Semplak, Bogor. Setelah melalui pengamatan gejala penyakit diikuti dengan prosedur isolasi dan pemumian patogen. maka diperoleh isolat kultur baktei yang bentuknya bulat dan pinggirnya tidak rata serta berwarna putih pada medium sukrosa pepton agar. Kultur baktei tersebut bersifat patogenik dan menimbulkan gejala penyakit sama seperti di lapangan, setelah diinokulasikan melalui pelukaan pada daun lidah buaya. Hasil karaktcrisasi morfologi, kultur dan biokimia isolat baktei tersebut menunjukkan sifat ncgatif untuk pewamaan Gram, pigmen fluorescn, oksidasc, dan produksi asam dari unsur karbon laktosa dan dulsitol. Sedangkan karaktcr positif diperoleh dai pengujian oksidasi/fermentasi, lesitinase, pembusukan jaringan umbi kentang, sensitivitas terhadap eitromisin, pertumbuhan pada suhu 37° C, NaCI 5%, serta menghasilkan asam pada medium mengandung manitol Inokulasi pada umbi ubi jalar menyebabkan pembusukan dalam waktu yang singkat. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab penyakit busuk daun pada tanaman lidah buaya di Semplak adalah Erwinia chrysanthemi.Kata kunci: Aloe vera, busuk daun, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Bogor ABSTRACT Characteristics o/Envinia chysanthemi causing bacterial soft rot ofAloe (Aloe VeraJThe bacterial sot rot of aloe, caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi, was first identified in Caibbean Island in 1992. In early 2001, similar symptoms were found on the aloe plants grown in Semplak, Bogor, West Java. Based on its symptom and progressively spread, especially on the leaf and basal stem, it appeared that the disease was serious and therefore threatened the current development of die plants. This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor, in April - August 2001. The objective of the study was identifying the cause of the sot rot disease of aloe in Semplak, Bogor. Diseased leaves of aloe were obtained from Semplak. Following the examination of the symptoms, isolation and purification of he causal agent, the bacteial isolates were found. They were round, white colony characteistics on sucrose peptone agar medium. The isolate was pathogenic and caused similar disease symptoms following the artificial inoculation on the wounded aloe leaf. Based on the morphological, cultural, and biochemical analyses of the isolates, it was found that the isolates gave negative reactions for die following characteistics: Gram staining, production of fluorescent pigment, oxidase, and production of acid reaction from lactose and dulcitol. The isolates, on the other hand, gave positive reaction from: oxidation/fermentation, IcciOiinase. and maceration of potato and sweet potato, sensitive to crythromycin, growth at 37 °C, and growth on agar medium containing NaCI 2%, as well as acid production from manmtol. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the pathogen causes sot rot of leaf of aloe in Semplak is Erwinia chrysanthemi. This is the irst repot on (he finding of die disease in Indonesia. More attention is required to stop the spread of the disease.Key words: Aloe vera, sot rot. Erwinia chrysanthemi, Bogor

KERAGAAN PERBENIHAN JAHE DI JAWA BARAT MAHARANl HASANAH; . SUKARMAN; . SUPRIADI; M. JANUWATI; R. BALFAS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.118-125

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan jahe telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pctani maju di Jawa Barat yang secara tradisional mcnsuplai kebutuhan benih jahe untuk petani disekitarnya atau petani di daerah lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei di dua kabupaten, yaitu Majalengka (Kecamatan Banjaran dan Lemah Sugih) dan Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegallega, dan Waning Kiara). Wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan petani maju meliputi kondisi lahan, cara budidaya, panen, dan penanganan benih. Contoh rimpang diambil secara acak dai hasil panen petani kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya meliputi: penampilan fisik, berat rimpang, kadar air, serat, dan pati, serta jenis OPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada petani yang secara khusus menanam jahe untuk benih. Lahan pertanaman jahe bcrada pada kisaran kelinggian tempat (dpi) 400-800 m. Sumber benih berasal dari hasil panen tahun sebelumnya Cara penanganan benih ada yang dihampar di atas rak bambu atau di gelar di atas tanah di bawah kolong rumah. Sebelum ditanam, benih diperlakukan tcrlebih dahulu dengan fungisida atau bakterisida. Petani menanam jahe dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman lain seperti kacang tanah, jagung, pisang, bawang merah, dan bawang daun. Cara tanam ada yang menggunakan bedengan (umumnya di Majalengka), sedangkan di Sukabumi umumnya tidak menggunakan bedengan, jarak tanam bervariasi antara 20 x 30 cm di dalam baris dan 30-80 cm antar baris. Panen dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 8-10 bulan Hasil analisis kandungan pati cukup tinggi 42.4 - 56.35%, serat 5.67 - 7.40%, dan kadar air 8.37- 9.80%. Jenis OPT yang paling banyak ditemukan pada contoh benih jahe Aspidiella hartii. Mimegralla, dan Meloidogyne spp., sedangkan Ralstonia solanacearum tidak ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk suatu sistem produksi benih jahe yang standar maka unsur yang sangat menentukan adalah umur panen harus cukup tua (9-10 bulan), bebas dari OPT, dan penanaman bisa secara polikultur dengan tanaman bukan inang.Kata kunci: Jahe, Zingiber officinale, perbenihan, benih, OPT, hama, penyakit ABSTRACT Performance of indigenous ginger seed systems in West JavaTo improve the system of ginger seed production, a study was conducted on developed ginger farmers in West Java who traditionally supplied ginger seeds to the farmers in the surrounding area or in other area. The research was conducted by survey method in two districts, Majalengka (Banjaran and Lemah Sugih sub districts) and Sukabumi (Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegalega and Warung Kiara). Direct dialogue to farmer was used to discuss about land condition, cultivation method, harversting and seed management. The rhizome/seed sample was taken by random from the farmers, then it was analyzed for quality, such physical quality, weight of rhizome, moisture content, fiber, carbohydrate and kinds of pest and deseases. The result of the research showed that there were no farmers who special cultivated ginger for seed. Ginger land area was located about 400-800 m above sea level (asl). Seed source was derived from the ginger seed of previous harvest. The ginger seeds were directly spread on bamboo rack or in the space under the house. Before planting, the seeds were treated with fungicide or bactcricide. The farmers, planted ginger by polyculiurc system with peanut, maize, banana, shallot, and green shallot. Generally, in Majalengka District, the farmers planted their ginger using seed bed method, while in Sukabumi the fanners planted of ginger without seed beds. Plant spacing was 20-40 cm in the row and 30-80 cm between rows. Harvest was done 8-10 months ater planting. Carbohydrate content was relatively high 42.4 - 56.35%, fiber 5.67-7.40% and moisture content 8.37- 9.80%. The majority of pest and disease found in ginger seed were Aspidiella hartii, Mimegralla and Meloidogyne, while the dangerous disease such as Rasllonia solanacearum was not found. Based on the result of research it could be recommended that to develop a standard ginger seed system the harvesting time is 9 to 10 months ater planting, seed are free from disease attack, and the ginger can be cropping system with non hostplant.Key words: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, seed system, seed, pest, disease

KERAGAAN PERBENIHAN JAHE DI JAWA BARAT MAHARANl HASANAH; . SUKARMAN; . SUPRIADI; M. JANUWATI; R. BALFAS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.118-125

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan jahe telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pctani maju di Jawa Barat yang secara tradisional mcnsuplai kebutuhan benih jahe untuk petani disekitarnya atau petani di daerah lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei di dua kabupaten, yaitu Majalengka (Kecamatan Banjaran dan Lemah Sugih) dan Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegallega, dan Waning Kiara). Wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan petani maju meliputi kondisi lahan, cara budidaya, panen, dan penanganan benih. Contoh rimpang diambil secara acak dai hasil panen petani kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya meliputi: penampilan fisik, berat rimpang, kadar air, serat, dan pati, serta jenis OPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada petani yang secara khusus menanam jahe untuk benih. Lahan pertanaman jahe bcrada pada kisaran kelinggian tempat (dpi) 400-800 m. Sumber benih berasal dari hasil panen tahun sebelumnya Cara penanganan benih ada yang dihampar di atas rak bambu atau di gelar di atas tanah di bawah kolong rumah. Sebelum ditanam, benih diperlakukan tcrlebih dahulu dengan fungisida atau bakterisida. Petani menanam jahe dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman lain seperti kacang tanah, jagung, pisang, bawang merah, dan bawang daun. Cara tanam ada yang menggunakan bedengan (umumnya di Majalengka), sedangkan di Sukabumi umumnya tidak menggunakan bedengan, jarak tanam bervariasi antara 20 x 30 cm di dalam baris dan 30-80 cm antar baris. Panen dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 8-10 bulan Hasil analisis kandungan pati cukup tinggi 42.4 - 56.35%, serat 5.67 - 7.40%, dan kadar air 8.37- 9.80%. Jenis OPT yang paling banyak ditemukan pada contoh benih jahe Aspidiella hartii. Mimegralla, dan Meloidogyne spp., sedangkan Ralstonia solanacearum tidak ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk suatu sistem produksi benih jahe yang standar maka unsur yang sangat menentukan adalah umur panen harus cukup tua (9-10 bulan), bebas dari OPT, dan penanaman bisa secara polikultur dengan tanaman bukan inang.Kata kunci: Jahe, Zingiber officinale, perbenihan, benih, OPT, hama, penyakit ABSTRACT Performance of indigenous ginger seed systems in West JavaTo improve the system of ginger seed production, a study was conducted on developed ginger farmers in West Java who traditionally supplied ginger seeds to the farmers in the surrounding area or in other area. The research was conducted by survey method in two districts, Majalengka (Banjaran and Lemah Sugih sub districts) and Sukabumi (Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegalega and Warung Kiara). Direct dialogue to farmer was used to discuss about land condition, cultivation method, harversting and seed management. The rhizome/seed sample was taken by random from the farmers, then it was analyzed for quality, such physical quality, weight of rhizome, moisture content, fiber, carbohydrate and kinds of pest and deseases. The result of the research showed that there were no farmers who special cultivated ginger for seed. Ginger land area was located about 400-800 m above sea level (asl). Seed source was derived from the ginger seed of previous harvest. The ginger seeds were directly spread on bamboo rack or in the space under the house. Before planting, the seeds were treated with fungicide or bactcricide. The farmers, planted ginger by polyculiurc system with peanut, maize, banana, shallot, and green shallot. Generally, in Majalengka District, the farmers planted their ginger using seed bed method, while in Sukabumi the fanners planted of ginger without seed beds. Plant spacing was 20-40 cm in the row and 30-80 cm between rows. Harvest was done 8-10 months ater planting. Carbohydrate content was relatively high 42.4 - 56.35%, fiber 5.67-7.40% and moisture content 8.37- 9.80%. The majority of pest and disease found in ginger seed were Aspidiella hartii, Mimegralla and Meloidogyne, while the dangerous disease such as Rasllonia solanacearum was not found. Based on the result of research it could be recommended that to develop a standard ginger seed system the harvesting time is 9 to 10 months ater planting, seed are free from disease attack, and the ginger can be cropping system with non hostplant.Key words: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, seed system, seed, pest, disease

KARAKTERISASI Erwinia chrysanthemi PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BUSUK BAKTERI PADA DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) . SUPRIADI; NILDAR IBRAHIM; . TARYONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.45-48

Penyakit busuk (soft rot) pada daun tanaman lidah buaya (Aloe vera) disebabkan oleh F.rwima chrysanthemi pertama kali dilaporkan di Kcpulauan Kaibia tahun 1992. Pada awal tahun 2001, gejala pcnyakil busuk daun juga ditemukan pada tanaman lidah buaya di Semplak, Jawa Barat. Mengingat kerusakan yang ditimbulkan berupa pembusukan pada daun dan pangkal batang yang parah dalam waktu singkat, maka diduga penyebabnya cukup ganas dan dikhawatirkan dapat menjadi kendala pengembangan tanaman lidah buaya yang akhir-akhir ini sedang banyak diminati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidcntifikasi penyebab penyakit tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteri Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, dari bulan April - Agustus 2001. Contoh daun lidah buaya sakit berasal dari kebun petani di Semplak, Bogor. Setelah melalui pengamatan gejala penyakit diikuti dengan prosedur isolasi dan pemumian patogen. maka diperoleh isolat kultur baktei yang bentuknya bulat dan pinggirnya tidak rata serta berwarna putih pada medium sukrosa pepton agar. Kultur baktei tersebut bersifat patogenik dan menimbulkan gejala penyakit sama seperti di lapangan, setelah diinokulasikan melalui pelukaan pada daun lidah buaya. Hasil karaktcrisasi morfologi, kultur dan biokimia isolat baktei tersebut menunjukkan sifat ncgatif untuk pewamaan Gram, pigmen fluorescn, oksidasc, dan produksi asam dari unsur karbon laktosa dan dulsitol. Sedangkan karaktcr positif diperoleh dai pengujian oksidasi/fermentasi, lesitinase, pembusukan jaringan umbi kentang, sensitivitas terhadap eitromisin, pertumbuhan pada suhu 37° C, NaCI 5%, serta menghasilkan asam pada medium mengandung manitol Inokulasi pada umbi ubi jalar menyebabkan pembusukan dalam waktu yang singkat. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab penyakit busuk daun pada tanaman lidah buaya di Semplak adalah Erwinia chrysanthemi.Kata kunci: Aloe vera, busuk daun, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Bogor ABSTRACT Characteristics o/Envinia chysanthemi causing bacterial soft rot ofAloe (Aloe VeraJThe bacterial sot rot of aloe, caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi, was first identified in Caibbean Island in 1992. In early 2001, similar symptoms were found on the aloe plants grown in Semplak, Bogor, West Java. Based on its symptom and progressively spread, especially on the leaf and basal stem, it appeared that the disease was serious and therefore threatened the current development of die plants. This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor, in April - August 2001. The objective of the study was identifying the cause of the sot rot disease of aloe in Semplak, Bogor. Diseased leaves of aloe were obtained from Semplak. Following the examination of the symptoms, isolation and purification of he causal agent, the bacteial isolates were found. They were round, white colony characteistics on sucrose peptone agar medium. The isolate was pathogenic and caused similar disease symptoms following the artificial inoculation on the wounded aloe leaf. Based on the morphological, cultural, and biochemical analyses of the isolates, it was found that the isolates gave negative reactions for die following characteistics: Gram staining, production of fluorescent pigment, oxidase, and production of acid reaction from lactose and dulcitol. The isolates, on the other hand, gave positive reaction from: oxidation/fermentation, IcciOiinase. and maceration of potato and sweet potato, sensitive to crythromycin, growth at 37 °C, and growth on agar medium containing NaCI 2%, as well as acid production from manmtol. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the pathogen causes sot rot of leaf of aloe in Semplak is Erwinia chrysanthemi. This is the irst repot on (he finding of die disease in Indonesia. More attention is required to stop the spread of the disease.Key words: Aloe vera, sot rot. Erwinia chrysanthemi, Bogor

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