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All Journal IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Indonesian Journal of Applied Informatics Jurnal Sistem Cerdas Jurnal Tekno Kompak Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEM RESEARCH (JOSH) JURNAL ILMIAH SIMANTEK International Journal of Advanced Science Computing and Engineering
Istas Pratomo Manalu
Institut Teknologi Del
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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SMAC: System for monitoring and automatic control of water, nutrients, and pH in hydroponic nutrient film technique Frengki Simatupang; Istas Pratomo Manalu; Eka Stephani Sinambela; Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro; Gerry Italiano Wowiling
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v15i2.pp365-376

Abstract

Manual regulation of nutrient solution parameters in hydroponic systems often causes instability and delayed corrective actions. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based system monitoring and automatic control (SMAC) for a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system to automatically regulate pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature. The proposed system integrates real-time sensors, automatic actuators, and dual-microcontroller architecture, in which an Arduino Uno performs local control while an ESP32 enables wireless IoT monitoring. An experimental systems engineering approach was applied for system design and performance evaluation. Automatic temperature compensation (ATC) was incorporated into pH and TDS measurements to improve reliability under varying thermal conditions. Experimental results indicate that the temperature sensor achieved an average error of 0.13 °C. The control algorithm corrected pH deviations gradually by approximately ±0.31 pH units (pH Up) and ±0.38 pH units (pH Down) per cycle without overshoot. Nutrient concentration control increased TDS by about 75 ppm per cycle under low-TDS conditions. Stability testing confirmed that pH and TDS remained within optimal ranges after disturbances, while safety mechanisms operated reliably under abnormal temperatures. The results demonstrate that the proposed SMAC system provides accurate, stable, and adaptive control suitable for precision and sustainable hydroponic applications.
Design and Implementation of SDN Firewall Using Pox Controller and Open vSwitch Sinambela, Eka Stephani; Manurung, Jesika L; Kesya, Grace Agnes; Sinabutar, Harli J; Manalu, Istas Pratomo; wowiling, Gerry italiano; Simatupang, Frengki; Sigiro, Marojahan M.T
IJAI (Indonesian Journal of Applied Informatics) Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/ijai.v10i1.109296

Abstract

Abstrak : Perkembangan Software-Defined Networking (SDN) menghadirkan paradigma baru dalam pengelolaan jaringan melalui pemisahan antara control plane dan data plane, yang memungkinkan penerapan mekanisme keamanan jaringan secara terpusat dan terprogram. Salah satu mekanisme keamanan penting dalam SDN adalah Firewall berbasis flow rules. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan Firewall berbasis SDN dengan memanfaatkan POX Controller sebagai control plane dan Open vSwitch (OvS) sebagai data plane. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui skenario pengujian konektivitas yang melibatkan komunikasi antara controller, OvS, dan beberapa host dalam jaringan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh skenario berjalan sesuai dengan aturan Firewall yang dirancang. Secara kuantitatif, mekanisme pemfilteran trafik berbasis IP Address mencapai tingkat keberhasilan 100%, ditunjukkan oleh keberhasilan pemblokiran akses dan tetap terjaganya konektivitas pada jalur yang diperbolehkan. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa integrasi POX Controller dan OvS efektif digunakan sebagai Firewall sederhana berbasis SDN serta berpotensi dikembangkan untuk mekanisme keamanan yang lebih kompleks.==================================================Abstract :The development of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) introduces a new paradigm in network management by separating the control plane from the data plane, enabling centralized and programmable network security mechanisms. One essential security mechanism in SDN is a firewall based on flow rules. This study implements an SDN-based firewall using the POX Controller as the control plane and Open vSwitch (OvS) as the data plane. The system is evaluated through connectivity testing scenarios involving communication between the controller, OvS, and multiple hosts. Experimental results show that all test scenarios operate according to the defined firewall rules. Quantitatively, the IP address–based traffic filtering mechanism achieves a 100% success rate, as indicated by successful blocking of unauthorized access while maintaining permitted network connectivity. These results demonstrate that the integration of POX Controller and OvS is effective as a simple SDN-based firewall and has the potential to be extended to support more advanced network security mechanisms.
Co-Authors Albertinus Daniel Siahaan Alexius Humbang Manik Andi Manullang David Calvin Tobing Dedy Samhaz Pardede EKA STEPHANI SINAMBELA Febriend B.R.C Sigalingging Frengki Simatupang Gerry Italiano Wowiling Gloria Polly, Victori Steev Hutabarat , Alexandro Kasih , Winda Kesya, Grace Agnes Manalu, Andriono Manik, Andreas A. P. Manurung, Jesika L Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro Melani Siagian Okaria Veronika Simanjuntak Pakpahan, F. Salmonso Pandapotan Siagian Panjaitan, Goklas Panjaitan, Jessica Pardede, Goldi Putra Bakti Butarbutar Ruben Mual Siregar Sanita Simamora Saragih, Ripandy Sigiro , Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro, Marojahan M.T Sigiro, Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro, Marojahan Timbul Mula Sigiro, Marojohan Mula Timbul Silaen, Romaito SILALAHI, SARI MUTHIA Simamora, Jenris Simatupang , Frengki Simbolon, Kiki Tristianti Sinabutar, Harli J Sinambela , Eka Stephani SINAMBELA, EKA STEPHANI Sitohang, Necia G. A. Tampubolon , Benni Wowiling, Gerry Italiano Yosheva, Grace