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Mudji Rahayu
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PENYAKIT LAYU Ralstonia solanacearum PADA KACANG TANAH DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN Mudji Rahayu
Buletin Palawija No 24 (2012): Buletin Palawija No 24, 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bulpa.v0n24.2012.p69-81

Abstract

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearumis an important disease constraint of groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) in tropical and subtropical allover the world. It causing yield losses of 15–35%,and may reach over 65% in groundnut susceptiblevarieties. In Indonesia, the disease have been foundin some areas in North and West Sumatra, Lampung,West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, North andSouth Sulawesi. The wilt symptoms can be observedthree weeks after sowing. Infection of plants resultsin rapid wilting of stems and foliage, while leavesretain their green color.There is no desirable method for chemical controlof groundnut wilt, although some bactericidesthat effective against R. solanacearum have beenidentified and available commercially. Other controlstrategy by non-chemically include resistant varieties,healthy seeds, healthy cultivation, biologicalcontrol, and botanical control have been reduced thedisease. Other disease control strategies which ereenvironment-friendly are resistant variety, and theuse of bio control agents. Resistance variety is oneof the most effective means of controlling groundnutwilt and effective to control bacterial wilt in endemicarea and this method could be adopted byfarmer easily. Biocontrol agents i.e. antagonisticbacteria Psudomonas fluorescens (Pf) isolated fromlegumes rhizosphere showed inhibited effect againstbacterial wilt R. solanacearum. The plants extractof some plants such as lemon grass and nut sedgeroots, also showed suppressive effect against bacterialwilt of groundnut.
PENYAKIT ”LELES” PADA TANAMAN UBIKAYU BIOEKOLOGI DAN CARA PENGENDALIANNYA Mudji Rahayu; Nasir Saleh
Buletin Palawija No 26 (2013): Buletin Palawija No 26, 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bulpa.v0n26.2013.p83-90

Abstract

Penyakit “leles” pada tanaman ubikayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) di Indonesia, identik dengan penyakit busuk akar/umbi (root rot disease) yang merupakan penyakit sangat penting dan merugikan di negara produsen ubikayu di Afrika, Asia dan Amerika Latin. Kehilangan hasil akibat penyakit tersebut sangat tinggi mencapai 80–100% pada varietas rentan. Di Lampung, penyakit “leles” pada varietas UJ-3 serangannya mencapai 74,6%. Gejala penyakit pada tanaman muda berupa layu, daun menguning dan gugur, dan akhirnya tanaman mati, sedangkan gejala pada tanaman tua berupa busuk akar/umbi serta busuk pangkal batang. Penyakit tersebut biasanya berkembang pada lahan dengan kelembaban tinggi atau pada musim hujan. Hasil identifikasi patogen menunjukkan bahwa beberapa jamur patogenis yaitu Botryodiplodia sp., Fusarium spp. Colletotrichum sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, Cladosporium sp. dan Aspergillus spp. berasosiasi dengan penyakit tersebut. Cara pengendalian yang sangat potensial diterapkan terhadap penyakit “leles” adalah dengan menanam varietas tahan penyakit (seperti UJ-5, Malang-4, Adira-4, Litbang UK-2), pemilihan lokasi bebas penyakit, pengelolaan tanaman melalui pemupukan berimbang, pengelolaan lahan dengan baik termasuk menghindari tanam di daerah rawan banjir ataupun tergenang, perbaikan drainase, sanitasi lahan, eradikasi tanaman sakit, rotasi tanaman, serta tidak menunda waktu panen. Selain itu untuk mencegah penyakit terbawabibit (stek), maka stek perlu dikelola dengan baik misalnya dengan pencelupan dalam air hangat ataupun menggunakan fungisida benomil.
PENYAKIT LAYU Ralstonia solanacearum PADA KACANG TANAH DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN Mudji Rahayu
Buletin Palawija No 24 (2012): Buletin Palawija No 24, 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (379.003 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/bulpa.v0n24.2012.p69-81

Abstract

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearumis an important disease constraint of groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) in tropical and subtropical allover the world. It causing yield losses of 15–35%,and may reach over 65% in groundnut susceptiblevarieties. In Indonesia, the disease have been foundin some areas in North and West Sumatra, Lampung,West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, North andSouth Sulawesi. The wilt symptoms can be observedthree weeks after sowing. Infection of plants resultsin rapid wilting of stems and foliage, while leavesretain their green color.There is no desirable method for chemical controlof groundnut wilt, although some bactericidesthat effective against R. solanacearum have beenidentified and available commercially. Other controlstrategy by non-chemically include resistant varieties,healthy seeds, healthy cultivation, biologicalcontrol, and botanical control have been reduced thedisease. Other disease control strategies which ereenvironment-friendly are resistant variety, and theuse of bio control agents. Resistance variety is oneof the most effective means of controlling groundnutwilt and effective to control bacterial wilt in endemicarea and this method could be adopted byfarmer easily. Biocontrol agents i.e. antagonisticbacteria Psudomonas fluorescens (Pf) isolated fromlegumes rhizosphere showed inhibited effect againstbacterial wilt R. solanacearum. The plants extractof some plants such as lemon grass and nut sedgeroots, also showed suppressive effect against bacterialwilt of groundnut.
Co-Authors Nasir Saleh