Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Resistensi Galur-galur Tembakau Kasturi Terhadap Phytophthora nicotianae, Ralstonia solanacearum dan Cucumber Mosaic Virus Cece Suhara; Nurul Hidayah
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 12, No 1 (2020): APRIL 2020
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v12n1.2020.22-33

Penyakit utama tembakau disebabkan oleh Phytophthora nicotianae vßdH var. nicotianae Waterhouse, Ralstonia solanacearum dan Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). Sampai saat ini belum diperoleh varietas tembakau kasturi yang tahan terhadap penyakit utama tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan galur-galur unggul tembakau kasturi terhadap penyakit utama. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok diulang tiga kali. Galur yang dievaluasi sebanyak 10 galur dengan kontrol varietas tahan dan rentan sebagai pembanding. Masing-masing unit ditanam 10 tanaman. Benih tumbuh ditanam pada polybag dengan 10 L tanah steril. Inokulum P. nicotianae, R. solanacearum dan CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit yang diperoleh dari lokasi tanaman tembakau di Jember. Isolasi jamur P. nicotianae menggunakan metode baiting pada buah apel dan perbanyakannya menggunakan media CMA. Inokulasi P. nicotianae melalui akar yang dilukai pada umur 2 minggu setelah pindah tanam di polybag, dengan menuangkan suspensi jamur 10 mL per tanaman (kepadatan spora 106/mL). Isolasi dan perbanyakan bakteri R. solanacearum pada media buatan CPG (Casein Pepton Glucose) dan inokulasi melalui akar tanaman dengan menuangkan suspensi bakteri sebanyak 10 mL per tanaman (kerapatan bakteri 106cfu/mL). Pemurnian inokulum CMV secara berantai dan inokulasinya secara mekanis pada umur dua minggu setelah tanam. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 galur tahan terhadap P. nicotianae (Dark A, Dark B, Jepon Pote dan Marakot); 8 galur tahan terhadap R. solanacearum (Dark A, Dark B, Penang pendek, Jepon Pote, Marakot, Kasturi 1, Kasturi 2, dan Asal Petani), dan tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap CMV. Resistance Level of Kasturi Tobacco Lines to Phytophthora nicotianae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Cucumber Mosaic VirusABSTRACT The main tobacco diseases are caused by Phytophthora nicotianae vßdH var. nicotianae Waterhouse, Ralstonia solanacearum and Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). There has not been any variety of kasturi tobacco which is resistant to those major diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance level of kasturi tobacco lines to the main tobacco diseases. The study was arranged in a Randomized Group Design with three replicates. Ten lines were evaluated with control of resistant and susceptible varieties as a comparison. Each unit is planted with 10 plants. Growing seeds were planted in polybags with 10 L of sterile soil. Inoculum of P. nicotianae, R. solanacearum and CMV were taken from infected plants obtained from tobacco plant in Jember. Isolation of P. nicotianae using the baiting method on apples and propagation using CMA media. Inoculation of P. nicotianae through injured roots at 2 weeks after transplanting in polybags, by pouring the inoculum suspension of 10 mL per plant (spore density 106/mL). Isolation and propagation of R. solanacearum were on CPG (Casein Pepton Glucose) media and inoculation through plant roots by pouring bacterial suspension as much as 10 mL per plant (bacterial density 106 cfu/mL). Purification of the CMV inoculum was in chain and mechanical inoculation was done at two weeks after planting. The evaluation results showed that there were 4 lines resistant to P. nicotianae (Dark A, Dark B, Jepon Pote and Marakot); 8 lines are resistant to R. solanacearum (Dark A, Dark B, Short Penang, Jepon Pote, Marakot, Kasturi 1, Kasturi 2, and Farmer Origins), and no lines are resistant to CMV.

Efektivitas Vaksin Carna-5 (Cucumber Mosaic Virus Associated RNA-5) terhadap Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) pada Tanaman Tembakau Cerutu (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Cece Suhara; Titiek Yulianti
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n1.2017.24-34

Penyakit Mosaik yang disebabkan oleh Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) menimbulkan kerugian baik produksi maupun kualitas daun tembakau. Pengendalian virus secara kimiawi sampai saat ini belum dapat dilaksanakan, kecuali pengendalian serangga vektornya. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah penggunaan satelit CMV (Carna-5) sebagai pengendali hayati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Carna-5 dalam menghambat perkembangan CMV pada tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) pada bulan Juni–November tahun 2011. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas Faktor I: Cara aplikasi vaksin (A1 : menggunakan kompresor dan sprayer; A2 : menggunakan sprayer otomatis). Faktor II: 6 konsentrasi vaksin , yaitu (1) D1 : Tanpa vaksin tanpa diinokulasi CMV; (2) D2 : Tanpa divaksin + inokulasi CMV; (3) D3 : divaksin dengan Carna-5 10% tanpa inokulasi CMV; (4) D4 : 5 divaksin dengan Carna-5 5% + inokulasi CMV (5) D5 : divaksin dengan Carna-5 10% + inokulasi CMV, dan (6) D6 : divaksin dengan Carna-5 15% + inokulasi CMV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara aplikasi vaksin Carna-5 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Vaksin Carna-5 tidak mem-pengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, namun mampu menurunkan tingkat kejadian maupun keparahan penyakit. Daya hambat tertinggi (64,69%) terhadap perkembangan CMV diperoleh pada perlakuan D6. Effectiveness of Carna-5 (Cucumber MosaicVirus Associate RNA-5 ) Vaccine on Cucumber Mosaic Virus(CMV) on Cigar Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Mosaic disease caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) causes losses in tobacco leaf production and quality. Chemical method vaccine to control CMV. The study has been conducted in Field Experimental Station for Phytopathology of Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute from June–November 2011. There were two factors arranged in Factorial Completely randomized with three replicates. First factor was vaccine aplication method, ie: A1 : Using a compressor and sprayer; A2 : Using an automatic sprayer. The second factor is six levels of vaccine concentration ie.: (1) D1 : without vaccine + plant was not inoculated by CMV; (2) D2 : without vaccine and plant was inoculated by CMV; (3) D3 : vaccinated with 10% Carna-5 + plant was not inoculated by CMV; (4) D4 : vaccinated with 5% Carna-5 + plant was inoculated by CMV; (5) D5 : vaccinated with 10% Carna-5 + plant was inoculated by CMV; dan (6) D6 : vaccinated with 15% + plant was inoculated by CMV. Results showed that application methods of Carna-5 did not significantly affect all parameter of observations. Carna-5 did not affect the growth of tobacco plant, but suppressed disease incidence and disease severity caused by CMV. Concentration of 15% was also gave highest productive leaf. The highest inhibition (64,69%) was caused by vaccine 15 g/100 ml BF.

Uji Efikasi Teknik Kultur Meristem dan Kemoterapi untuk Eliminasi Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV) pada Tebu Ika Roostika; Sedyo Harsono; Darda Efendi; Deden Sukmadjaja; Cece Suhara
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v8n2.2016.55-64

Penggunaan benih bebas virus merupakan salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit virus. Jaringan tanaman dapat dibebaskan dari virus melalui aplikasi teknik eliminasi virus, seperti termoterapi, kemoterapi, kultur meristem, dan krioterapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji respon varietas tebu terhadap perlakuan teknik kultur meristem dan kemoterapi dengan bahan antiviral, serta untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam mengeliminasi virus sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) pada tebu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada April−November 2015 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian dan Laboratorium Virologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap, yaitu 1) Deteksi virus dari tanaman induk, 2) Aplikasi teknik kultur meristem dan kemoterapi, serta 3) Indeksing virus. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah sebelas varietas tebu (GMP3, PS865, dan Kentung asal Bogor, PS862 dan Cening asal Cirebon, PS881 asal Jember, PSJK922 asal Malang, serta PS864, PS881, PSJK922, PSJT941 asal Pati). Deteksi virus dilakukan secara RT-PCR dengan primer universal MJ dan primer spesifik SCSMV. Bahan antiviral yang digunakan untuk kemoterapi adalah Ribavirin (0 dan 25 µg/l). Hasil uji RT-PCR menggunakan primer universal MJ menunjukkan bahwa empat varietas (GMP3 asal Bogor, PS864 dan PSJT941 asal Pati, serta Cening asal Cirebon) terinfeksi oleh Potyvirus. Empat varietas lainnya (PS862 asal Cirebon, PS881 asal Jember, PSJK922 asal Malang, dan Kentung asal Bogor) terbukti terserang virus SCSMV berdasarkan uji RT-PCR dengan primer spesifik. Seluruh meristem mampu beregenerasi membentuk tunas. Penggunaan Ribavirin 25 µg/l tidak menyebabkan penurunan daya tumbuh meristem (50−100%), bahkan seluruh varietas mampu bermultiplikasi tunasnya dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang hanya memiliki daya tumbuh 0−100%, dan tidak semua varietas mampu bermultiplikasi tunasnya. Secara tunggal, aplikasi teknik kultur meristem tidak mampu mengeliminasi virus SCSMV, namun jika dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan kemoterapi maka virus SCSMV dapat tereliminasi dengan efikasi sebesar 44,4%. The use of virus-free seedling is an option for controlling viral disease that can be obtained through the application of viral elimination method. Plant tissues can be eliminated from virus infection by applying virus thermotherapy, chemotherapy, meristem culture, and cryotherapy. The research objectives were to examine the response of sugarcane varieties to meristem culture treatments and antiviral agent and also to determine the efficacy rate of both techniques in eliminating SCSMV disease. The study was conducted atTissuseCulture Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research andDevelpoment, and also at Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. This study consisted of three activities: 1) Virus detection of the mother plants, 2) Application of meristem culture and chemotherapy, and 3) Virus indexing. The plant material used was eleven varieties of sugarcane (GMP3, PS865, and Kentung from Bogor, PS862 and Cening from Cirebon, PS881 from Jember, Malang PSJK922 origin, as well as the PS864, PS881, PSJK922, PSJT941 from Pati). Virus detection was performed by RT-PCR assay with universal primer of MJ and specific primers of SCSMV. Antiviral used for chemotherapy was Ribavirin (0 and 25 µg/l). The result of RT-PCR using universal primers MJ showed that four varieties (GMP3 from Bogor, PS864 and PSJT941 from Pati, and Cening from Cirebon) were infected by Potyvirus. Based on RT-PCR assay with specific primer, four other varieties (PS862 from Cirebon, PS881 from Jember, PSJK922 from Malang, and Kentung from Bogor) were infected by SCSMV. All of meristems were able to regenerate to form shoots. The use of Ribavirin (25µg/l) did not decrease the growth rate of meristems and the shoots of all of the varieties could be multipied compared to control where the shoots could not be multiplied in all varietis. The application of meristem culture technique was not able to eliminate the SCSMV, but when it was combined with chemotherapy treatment, the SCSMV virus could be eliminated with the efficacy rate of 44.4%.

Pengaruh Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Terhadap Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Kadar Klorofil Daun Tembakau Cerutu Ruly Hamida; Cece Suhara
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 5, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v5n1.2013.11-19

Penyakit virus pada tembakau cerutu menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar, yaitu dapat mengurangi produksi sekitar 7–30%. Secara morfologi, daun tembakau yang terserang virus pada umumnya menunjuk-kan gejala mosaik, berkerut atau menggulung, ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil, rapuh, elastisitas dan daya bakarnya menurun. Informasi tentang Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) dalam bidang anatomi dan fisiologi ma-sih sangat sedikit, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi tentang pengaruh infeksi CMV terhadap karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2011, di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas, Ma-lang, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Inokulum CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit di lapang dan diperbanyak pada tanaman indikator. Inokulasi dilakukan pada tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas H-382 menggunakan sprayer duco type Sagola pada tekanan kompresor 4,5 kg/cm2. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 bulan setelah tanam terhadap parameter morfologi, anatomi tanaman dan kadar klorofil daun tembakau pada skor 0–5. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tanaman yang sehat dengan tanaman yang diinfeksi CMV. Makin tinggi tingkat infeksinya, makin besar penurunan luas daun dan kadar klorofil total tanaman tembakau. Penurunan rasio klorofil a/b daun lebih tinggi pada skor 4 dibandingkan skor 5, yaitu sebesar 74%, tetapi kerusakan morfologi paling parah terjadi pada skor 5, dimana terjadi perubahan bentuk dan secara anatomi terdapat bentukan kranz (spot-spot hitam) pada berkas pembuluh. Virus disease on cigar tobacco causes significant losses on yield, due to reduction on productivity 7–30%. Morphologicaly, tobacco leaf infected by virus generally shows symptoms of mosaic, wrinkled or curled, its size becomes smaller, fragile, elasticity, and burn down. Information about cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in anatomy and physiology was still slightly, so objective of this study was to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection to the character of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cigar tobacco leaves. The experiment was conducted in August–November 2011, at the Karangploso Experimental Station and Phytopathology Laboratory of ISFCRI, Malang, using a randomized block design with three replications. CMV was inoculated from diseased plants in the field and propagated on indicator plants. Inoculation was done on cigar tobacco H-382 varieties employing Sagola duco sprayer at a pressure of 4.5 kg/cm2 compressor. Observations were made at 3 months after planting for identifiying morphological and physiological parameters and leaf chlorophyl content of tobacco using score under 0–5. The results showed that there were significant differences between healthy plants and plants infected with CMV. The reduction in leaf area and total chlorophyl content of tobacco plants were greater as the rate of infection was higher.Decreasing in the ratio of chlorophyl a/b leaves was higher on plant with the score index of 4 than the score of 5 by 74%, but the most severe morphological damage occurs in plant with score of 5, indicating by change of shape and kranz formations (black spots) on the vascular bundle.

PENGARUH SUGARCANE STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS TERHADAP ANATOMI DAN KADAR KLOROFIL DAUN BEBERAPA AKSESI TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) Ruly Hamida; Cece Suhara
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 18, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i1.2288

As one of the most important crops in Indonesia, sugarcane productivity is currently still hampered by Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV), with the intensity of leaf damage reach 60% . The symptoms of this disease are the occurrence of irregular pattern between light green to pale in sugarcane leaves. The information about SCSMV in plant anatomy and physiology was still lacking. Therefore the objective of this studies was to determine the effect of SCSMV infection to morphological, anatomical and physiological characters of sugarcane leaves. The research was performed on 30 sugarcane clones by using a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that there was change in the morphology of leaves, but leaf color did change. The decrease in the ratio of chlorophyll a / b leaves 65% higher in the resistant clones, i.e. clones PS 06 103 and PS 06 199. The number of stomata also decreased in clones by SCSMV.

Efektivitas Vaksin Carna-5 (Cucumber Mosaic Virus Associated RNA-5) terhadap Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) pada Tanaman Tembakau Cerutu (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Cece Suhara; Titiek Yulianti
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Penyakit Mosaik yang disebabkan oleh Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) menimbulkan kerugian baik produksi maupun kualitas daun tembakau. Pengendalian virus secara kimiawi sampai saat ini belum dapat dilaksanakan, kecuali pengendalian serangga vektornya. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah penggunaan satelit CMV (Carna-5) sebagai pengendali hayati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Carna-5 dalam menghambat perkembangan CMV pada tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) pada bulan Juni–November tahun 2011. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas Faktor I: Cara aplikasi vaksin (A1 : menggunakan kompresor dan sprayer; A2 : menggunakan sprayer otomatis). Faktor II: 6 konsentrasi vaksin , yaitu (1) D1 : Tanpa vaksin tanpa diinokulasi CMV; (2) D2 : Tanpa divaksin + inokulasi CMV; (3) D3 : divaksin dengan Carna-5 10% tanpa inokulasi CMV; (4) D4 : 5 divaksin dengan Carna-5 5% + inokulasi CMV (5) D5 : divaksin dengan Carna-5 10% + inokulasi CMV, dan (6) D6 : divaksin dengan Carna-5 15% + inokulasi CMV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara aplikasi vaksin Carna-5 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Vaksin Carna-5 tidak mem-pengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, namun mampu menurunkan tingkat kejadian maupun keparahan penyakit. Daya hambat tertinggi (64,69%) terhadap perkembangan CMV diperoleh pada perlakuan D6. Effectiveness of Carna-5 (Cucumber MosaicVirus Associate RNA-5 ) Vaccine on Cucumber Mosaic Virus(CMV) on Cigar Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Mosaic disease caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) causes losses in tobacco leaf production and quality. Chemical method vaccine to control CMV. The study has been conducted in Field Experimental Station for Phytopathology of Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute from June–November 2011. There were two factors arranged in Factorial Completely randomized with three replicates. First factor was vaccine aplication method, ie: A1 : Using a compressor and sprayer; A2 : Using an automatic sprayer. The second factor is six levels of vaccine concentration ie.: (1) D1 : without vaccine + plant was not inoculated by CMV; (2) D2 : without vaccine and plant was inoculated by CMV; (3) D3 : vaccinated with 10% Carna-5 + plant was not inoculated by CMV; (4) D4 : vaccinated with 5% Carna-5 + plant was inoculated by CMV; (5) D5 : vaccinated with 10% Carna-5 + plant was inoculated by CMV; dan (6) D6 : vaccinated with 15% + plant was inoculated by CMV. Results showed that application methods of Carna-5 did not significantly affect all parameter of observations. Carna-5 did not affect the growth of tobacco plant, but suppressed disease incidence and disease severity caused by CMV. Concentration of 15% was also gave highest productive leaf. The highest inhibition (64,69%) was caused by vaccine 15 g/100 ml BF.

Resistensi Galur-galur Tembakau Kasturi Terhadap Phytophthora nicotianae, Ralstonia solanacearum dan Cucumber Mosaic Virus Cece Suhara; Nurul Hidayah
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 12, No 1 (2020): APRIL 2020
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Penyakit utama tembakau disebabkan oleh Phytophthora nicotianae vßdH var. nicotianae Waterhouse, Ralstonia solanacearum dan Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). Sampai saat ini belum diperoleh varietas tembakau kasturi yang tahan terhadap penyakit utama tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan galur-galur unggul tembakau kasturi terhadap penyakit utama. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok diulang tiga kali. Galur yang dievaluasi sebanyak 10 galur dengan kontrol varietas tahan dan rentan sebagai pembanding. Masing-masing unit ditanam 10 tanaman. Benih tumbuh ditanam pada polybag dengan 10 L tanah steril. Inokulum P. nicotianae, R. solanacearum dan CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit yang diperoleh dari lokasi tanaman tembakau di Jember. Isolasi jamur P. nicotianae menggunakan metode baiting pada buah apel dan perbanyakannya menggunakan media CMA. Inokulasi P. nicotianae melalui akar yang dilukai pada umur 2 minggu setelah pindah tanam di polybag, dengan menuangkan suspensi jamur 10 mL per tanaman (kepadatan spora 106/mL). Isolasi dan perbanyakan bakteri R. solanacearum pada media buatan CPG (Casein Pepton Glucose) dan inokulasi melalui akar tanaman dengan menuangkan suspensi bakteri sebanyak 10 mL per tanaman (kerapatan bakteri 106cfu/mL). Pemurnian inokulum CMV secara berantai dan inokulasinya secara mekanis pada umur dua minggu setelah tanam. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 galur tahan terhadap P. nicotianae (Dark A, Dark B, Jepon Pote dan Marakot); 8 galur tahan terhadap R. solanacearum (Dark A, Dark B, Penang pendek, Jepon Pote, Marakot, Kasturi 1, Kasturi 2, dan Asal Petani), dan tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap CMV. Resistance Level of Kasturi Tobacco Lines to Phytophthora nicotianae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Cucumber Mosaic VirusABSTRACT The main tobacco diseases are caused by Phytophthora nicotianae vßdH var. nicotianae Waterhouse, Ralstonia solanacearum and Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). There has not been any variety of kasturi tobacco which is resistant to those major diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance level of kasturi tobacco lines to the main tobacco diseases. The study was arranged in a Randomized Group Design with three replicates. Ten lines were evaluated with control of resistant and susceptible varieties as a comparison. Each unit is planted with 10 plants. Growing seeds were planted in polybags with 10 L of sterile soil. Inoculum of P. nicotianae, R. solanacearum and CMV were taken from infected plants obtained from tobacco plant in Jember. Isolation of P. nicotianae using the baiting method on apples and propagation using CMA media. Inoculation of P. nicotianae through injured roots at 2 weeks after transplanting in polybags, by pouring the inoculum suspension of 10 mL per plant (spore density 106/mL). Isolation and propagation of R. solanacearum were on CPG (Casein Pepton Glucose) media and inoculation through plant roots by pouring bacterial suspension as much as 10 mL per plant (bacterial density 106 cfu/mL). Purification of the CMV inoculum was in chain and mechanical inoculation was done at two weeks after planting. The evaluation results showed that there were 4 lines resistant to P. nicotianae (Dark A, Dark B, Jepon Pote and Marakot); 8 lines are resistant to R. solanacearum (Dark A, Dark B, Short Penang, Jepon Pote, Marakot, Kasturi 1, Kasturi 2, and Farmer Origins), and no lines are resistant to CMV.

Uji Efikasi Teknik Kultur Meristem dan Kemoterapi untuk Eliminasi Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV) pada Tebu Ika Roostika; Sedyo Harsono; Darda Efendi; Deden Sukmadjaja; Cece Suhara
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Penggunaan benih bebas virus merupakan salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit virus. Jaringan tanaman dapat dibebaskan dari virus melalui aplikasi teknik eliminasi virus, seperti termoterapi, kemoterapi, kultur meristem, dan krioterapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji respon varietas tebu terhadap perlakuan teknik kultur meristem dan kemoterapi dengan bahan antiviral, serta untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam mengeliminasi virus sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) pada tebu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada April−November 2015 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian dan Laboratorium Virologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap, yaitu 1) Deteksi virus dari tanaman induk, 2) Aplikasi teknik kultur meristem dan kemoterapi, serta 3) Indeksing virus. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah sebelas varietas tebu (GMP3, PS865, dan Kentung asal Bogor, PS862 dan Cening asal Cirebon, PS881 asal Jember, PSJK922 asal Malang, serta PS864, PS881, PSJK922, PSJT941 asal Pati). Deteksi virus dilakukan secara RT-PCR dengan primer universal MJ dan primer spesifik SCSMV. Bahan antiviral yang digunakan untuk kemoterapi adalah Ribavirin (0 dan 25 µg/l). Hasil uji RT-PCR menggunakan primer universal MJ menunjukkan bahwa empat varietas (GMP3 asal Bogor, PS864 dan PSJT941 asal Pati, serta Cening asal Cirebon) terinfeksi oleh Potyvirus. Empat varietas lainnya (PS862 asal Cirebon, PS881 asal Jember, PSJK922 asal Malang, dan Kentung asal Bogor) terbukti terserang virus SCSMV berdasarkan uji RT-PCR dengan primer spesifik. Seluruh meristem mampu beregenerasi membentuk tunas. Penggunaan Ribavirin 25 µg/l tidak menyebabkan penurunan daya tumbuh meristem (50−100%), bahkan seluruh varietas mampu bermultiplikasi tunasnya dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang hanya memiliki daya tumbuh 0−100%, dan tidak semua varietas mampu bermultiplikasi tunasnya. Secara tunggal, aplikasi teknik kultur meristem tidak mampu mengeliminasi virus SCSMV, namun jika dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan kemoterapi maka virus SCSMV dapat tereliminasi dengan efikasi sebesar 44,4%. The use of virus-free seedling is an option for controlling viral disease that can be obtained through the application of viral elimination method. Plant tissues can be eliminated from virus infection by applying virus thermotherapy, chemotherapy, meristem culture, and cryotherapy. The research objectives were to examine the response of sugarcane varieties to meristem culture treatments and antiviral agent and also to determine the efficacy rate of both techniques in eliminating SCSMV disease. The study was conducted atTissuseCulture Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research andDevelpoment, and also at Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. This study consisted of three activities: 1) Virus detection of the mother plants, 2) Application of meristem culture and chemotherapy, and 3) Virus indexing. The plant material used was eleven varieties of sugarcane (GMP3, PS865, and Kentung from Bogor, PS862 and Cening from Cirebon, PS881 from Jember, Malang PSJK922 origin, as well as the PS864, PS881, PSJK922, PSJT941 from Pati). Virus detection was performed by RT-PCR assay with universal primer of MJ and specific primers of SCSMV. Antiviral used for chemotherapy was Ribavirin (0 and 25 µg/l). The result of RT-PCR using universal primers MJ showed that four varieties (GMP3 from Bogor, PS864 and PSJT941 from Pati, and Cening from Cirebon) were infected by Potyvirus. Based on RT-PCR assay with specific primer, four other varieties (PS862 from Cirebon, PS881 from Jember, PSJK922 from Malang, and Kentung from Bogor) were infected by SCSMV. All of meristems were able to regenerate to form shoots. The use of Ribavirin (25µg/l) did not decrease the growth rate of meristems and the shoots of all of the varieties could be multipied compared to control where the shoots could not be multiplied in all varietis. The application of meristem culture technique was not able to eliminate the SCSMV, but when it was combined with chemotherapy treatment, the SCSMV virus could be eliminated with the efficacy rate of 44.4%.

Pengaruh Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Terhadap Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Kadar Klorofil Daun Tembakau Cerutu Ruly Hamida; Cece Suhara
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 5, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Penyakit virus pada tembakau cerutu menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar, yaitu dapat mengurangi produksi sekitar 7–30%. Secara morfologi, daun tembakau yang terserang virus pada umumnya menunjuk-kan gejala mosaik, berkerut atau menggulung, ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil, rapuh, elastisitas dan daya bakarnya menurun. Informasi tentang Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) dalam bidang anatomi dan fisiologi ma-sih sangat sedikit, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi tentang pengaruh infeksi CMV terhadap karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2011, di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas, Ma-lang, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Inokulum CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit di lapang dan diperbanyak pada tanaman indikator. Inokulasi dilakukan pada tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas H-382 menggunakan sprayer duco type Sagola pada tekanan kompresor 4,5 kg/cm2. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 bulan setelah tanam terhadap parameter morfologi, anatomi tanaman dan kadar klorofil daun tembakau pada skor 0–5. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tanaman yang sehat dengan tanaman yang diinfeksi CMV. Makin tinggi tingkat infeksinya, makin besar penurunan luas daun dan kadar klorofil total tanaman tembakau. Penurunan rasio klorofil a/b daun lebih tinggi pada skor 4 dibandingkan skor 5, yaitu sebesar 74%, tetapi kerusakan morfologi paling parah terjadi pada skor 5, dimana terjadi perubahan bentuk dan secara anatomi terdapat bentukan kranz (spot-spot hitam) pada berkas pembuluh. Virus disease on cigar tobacco causes significant losses on yield, due to reduction on productivity 7–30%. Morphologicaly, tobacco leaf infected by virus generally shows symptoms of mosaic, wrinkled or curled, its size becomes smaller, fragile, elasticity, and burn down. Information about cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in anatomy and physiology was still slightly, so objective of this study was to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection to the character of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cigar tobacco leaves. The experiment was conducted in August–November 2011, at the Karangploso Experimental Station and Phytopathology Laboratory of ISFCRI, Malang, using a randomized block design with three replications. CMV was inoculated from diseased plants in the field and propagated on indicator plants. Inoculation was done on cigar tobacco H-382 varieties employing Sagola duco sprayer at a pressure of 4.5 kg/cm2 compressor. Observations were made at 3 months after planting for identifiying morphological and physiological parameters and leaf chlorophyl content of tobacco using score under 0–5. The results showed that there were significant differences between healthy plants and plants infected with CMV. The reduction in leaf area and total chlorophyl content of tobacco plants were greater as the rate of infection was higher.Decreasing in the ratio of chlorophyl a/b leaves was higher on plant with the score index of 4 than the score of 5 by 74%, but the most severe morphological damage occurs in plant with score of 5, indicating by change of shape and kranz formations (black spots) on the vascular bundle.

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 9 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search