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All Journal Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri BERITA BIOLOGI Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri
Ruly Hamida
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Pengaruh Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Terhadap Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Kadar Klorofil Daun Tembakau Cerutu Ruly Hamida; Cece Suhara
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 5, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v5n1.2013.11-19

Abstract

Penyakit virus pada tembakau cerutu menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar, yaitu dapat mengurangi produksi sekitar 7–30%. Secara morfologi, daun tembakau yang terserang virus pada umumnya menunjuk-kan gejala mosaik, berkerut atau menggulung, ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil, rapuh, elastisitas dan daya bakarnya menurun. Informasi tentang Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) dalam bidang anatomi dan fisiologi ma-sih sangat sedikit, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi tentang pengaruh infeksi CMV terhadap karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2011, di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas, Ma-lang, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Inokulum CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit di lapang dan diperbanyak pada tanaman indikator. Inokulasi dilakukan pada tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas H-382 menggunakan sprayer duco type Sagola pada tekanan kompresor 4,5 kg/cm2. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 bulan setelah tanam terhadap parameter morfologi, anatomi tanaman dan kadar klorofil daun tembakau pada skor 0–5. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tanaman yang sehat dengan tanaman yang diinfeksi CMV. Makin tinggi tingkat infeksinya, makin besar penurunan luas daun dan kadar klorofil total tanaman tembakau. Penurunan rasio klorofil a/b daun lebih tinggi pada skor 4 dibandingkan skor 5, yaitu sebesar 74%, tetapi kerusakan morfologi paling parah terjadi pada skor 5, dimana terjadi perubahan bentuk dan secara anatomi terdapat bentukan kranz (spot-spot hitam) pada berkas pembuluh. Virus disease on cigar tobacco causes significant losses on yield, due to reduction on productivity 7–30%. Morphologicaly, tobacco leaf infected by virus generally shows symptoms of mosaic, wrinkled or curled, its size becomes smaller, fragile, elasticity, and burn down. Information about cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in anatomy and physiology was still slightly, so objective of this study was to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection to the character of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cigar tobacco leaves. The experiment was conducted in August–November 2011, at the Karangploso Experimental Station and Phytopathology Laboratory of ISFCRI, Malang, using a randomized block design with three replications. CMV was inoculated from diseased plants in the field and propagated on indicator plants. Inoculation was done on cigar tobacco H-382 varieties employing Sagola duco sprayer at a pressure of 4.5 kg/cm2 compressor. Observations were made at 3 months after planting for identifiying morphological and physiological parameters and leaf chlorophyl content of tobacco using score under 0–5. The results showed that there were significant differences between healthy plants and plants infected with CMV. The reduction in leaf area and total chlorophyl content of tobacco plants were greater as the rate of infection was higher.Decreasing in the ratio of chlorophyl a/b leaves was higher on plant with the score index of 4 than the score of 5 by 74%, but the most severe morphological damage occurs in plant with score of 5, indicating by change of shape and kranz formations (black spots) on the vascular bundle.
Keragaan Karakter Morfologi, Stomata, dan Klorofil Enam Varietas Tembakau Lokal Tulungagung Fatkhur Rochman; Ruly Hamida
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n1.2017.15-22

Abstract

Tembakau lokal tulungagung merupakan salah satu jenis tembakau yang  memiliki peran penting dalam industri rokok kretek di Indonesia. Beberapa varietas tembakau telah banyak dibudidayakan di wilayah Kabupaten Tulungagung, tetapi tingkat heterogenitas tanaman cukup tinggi, baik secara morfologi maupun anatomi. Stomata merupakan salah satu bagian struktur daun yang sering digunakan dalam klasifikasi taksonomi sehingga informasi keragaman sifat morfologi, stomata dan kadar klorofil dapat dimanfaatkan pemulia tanaman untuk melakukan perakitan varietas baru dengan produktivitas sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keragaan sifat morfologi, stomata, dan kadar klorofil serta produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kendalbulur, Kecamatan Boyolangu, Kabupaten Tulungagung, pada bulan April sampai Oktober 2015.  Bahan penelitian terdiri atas 6 varietas tembakau yang sudah lama berkembang di Tulungagung, yaitu varietas Rejeb Arang, Rejeb Kerep, Gagang Sidi, Gagang Jembrak, Gagang Ijo, dan Rejeb Jae. Tiap-tiap varietas ditanam pada petak berukuran 12 m x 4,50 m dengan jarak tanam 60 cm x 90 cm (100 tanaman/petak).  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6 varietas tembakau yang diteliti mempunyai bentuk morfologi yang beragam. Varietas Rejeb arang memiliki nilai tertinggi pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan pajang daun, sehingga dapat menunjang produktivitas tanaman.  Tipe stomata Rejeb Arang adalah Amphibraci-parasitik, Rejeb Kereb dan Gagang Jae Diasitik, Gagang Sidi dan Gagang Ijo bertipe Anisositik sedangkan Gagang Jembrak bertipe Laerositik.  Kerapatan stomata tertinggi pada Gagang Jae (44,87/mm2) dan kadar klorofil tertinggi pada varietas Rejeb Arang (34,85 unit).Performance of Morphological, Stomata, and Chlorophyll Characters of Six Tulungagung Local Tobacco Variety Tulungagung tobacco is one type of tobacco that has an important role in the cigarette industry in Indonesia. Some varieties of tobacco have been cultivated in Tulungagung, but the heterogeneity degree of the plant is quite high, so that the information of diversity of morphology, stomata and chlorophyll can be utilized to carry out the assembly of new varieties with productivity in accordance to customer needs. The aim of research is study  the morphological properties, stomata, chlorophyll content, and crop productivity. This research was conducted in the village of Kendalbulur, District Boyolangu, Tulungagung, from April to October 2015. The research material consisted of six varieties of tobacco has long been developing in Tulungagung, ie Rejeb Arang, Rejeb Kerep, Gagang Sidi, Gagang Jembrak, Gagang Ijo, and Rejeb Jae. Each variety was grown on plots sized 12 m x 4.50 m with plant spacing of 60 cm x 90 cm (100 plants/plot). This study used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that six varieties of tobacco studied have varying morphology. Varieties Rejeb charcoal has the highest value on plant height, leaf number, and leaf length, so that could support the productivity of the plant. Stomata type of Rejeb Arang is Amphibraci-parasitic, Rejeb Kereb and Rejeb Jae are Diasitic, Gagang Sidi and Gadang Ijo are Anisositic; Gagang Jembrak is Laerositik. The highest chlorophyll content was in Rejeb Arang varieties (34.85 units).
PENGARUH SUGARCANE STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS TERHADAP ANATOMI DAN KADAR KLOROFIL DAUN BEBERAPA AKSESI TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) Ruly Hamida; Cece Suhara
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 18, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i1.2288

Abstract

As one of the most important crops in Indonesia, sugarcane productivity is currently still hampered by Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV), with the intensity of leaf damage reach 60% . The symptoms of this disease are the occurrence of irregular pattern between light green to pale in sugarcane leaves.  The information about SCSMV in plant anatomy and physiology was still lacking. Therefore the objective of this studies was to determine the effect of SCSMV infection to morphological, anatomical and physiological characters of sugarcane leaves. The research was performed on 30 sugarcane clones by using a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that there was change in the morphology of leaves, but leaf color did change. The decrease in the ratio of chlorophyll a / b leaves 65% higher in the resistant clones, i.e. clones PS 06 103 and PS 06 199. The number of stomata also decreased in clones by SCSMV. 
Pengaruh Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Terhadap Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Kadar Klorofil Daun Tembakau Cerutu Ruly Hamida; Cece Suhara
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 5, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (351.23 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v5n1.2013.11-19

Abstract

Penyakit virus pada tembakau cerutu menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar, yaitu dapat mengurangi produksi sekitar 7–30%. Secara morfologi, daun tembakau yang terserang virus pada umumnya menunjuk-kan gejala mosaik, berkerut atau menggulung, ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil, rapuh, elastisitas dan daya bakarnya menurun. Informasi tentang Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) dalam bidang anatomi dan fisiologi ma-sih sangat sedikit, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi tentang pengaruh infeksi CMV terhadap karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun tembakau cerutu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2011, di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas, Ma-lang, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Inokulum CMV diambil dari tanaman sakit di lapang dan diperbanyak pada tanaman indikator. Inokulasi dilakukan pada tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas H-382 menggunakan sprayer duco type Sagola pada tekanan kompresor 4,5 kg/cm2. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 bulan setelah tanam terhadap parameter morfologi, anatomi tanaman dan kadar klorofil daun tembakau pada skor 0–5. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tanaman yang sehat dengan tanaman yang diinfeksi CMV. Makin tinggi tingkat infeksinya, makin besar penurunan luas daun dan kadar klorofil total tanaman tembakau. Penurunan rasio klorofil a/b daun lebih tinggi pada skor 4 dibandingkan skor 5, yaitu sebesar 74%, tetapi kerusakan morfologi paling parah terjadi pada skor 5, dimana terjadi perubahan bentuk dan secara anatomi terdapat bentukan kranz (spot-spot hitam) pada berkas pembuluh. Virus disease on cigar tobacco causes significant losses on yield, due to reduction on productivity 7–30%. Morphologicaly, tobacco leaf infected by virus generally shows symptoms of mosaic, wrinkled or curled, its size becomes smaller, fragile, elasticity, and burn down. Information about cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in anatomy and physiology was still slightly, so objective of this study was to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection to the character of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cigar tobacco leaves. The experiment was conducted in August–November 2011, at the Karangploso Experimental Station and Phytopathology Laboratory of ISFCRI, Malang, using a randomized block design with three replications. CMV was inoculated from diseased plants in the field and propagated on indicator plants. Inoculation was done on cigar tobacco H-382 varieties employing Sagola duco sprayer at a pressure of 4.5 kg/cm2 compressor. Observations were made at 3 months after planting for identifiying morphological and physiological parameters and leaf chlorophyl content of tobacco using score under 0–5. The results showed that there were significant differences between healthy plants and plants infected with CMV. The reduction in leaf area and total chlorophyl content of tobacco plants were greater as the rate of infection was higher.Decreasing in the ratio of chlorophyl a/b leaves was higher on plant with the score index of 4 than the score of 5 by 74%, but the most severe morphological damage occurs in plant with score of 5, indicating by change of shape and kranz formations (black spots) on the vascular bundle.
Co-Authors Cece Suhara Fatkhur Rochman