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Mustafa Abdurrachman
Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Nusa Cendana

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PERWILAYAHAN KOMODITAS PERTANIAN KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT. SUATU KAJIAN KELEMBAGAAN LAHAN DAN BUDAYA PERTANIAN Mustafa Abdurrachman
Buletin Ilmiah Impas Vol 21 No 3 (2020): Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS Volume 21 Edisi 3 Nopember 2020
Publisher : Undana Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/impas.v21i3.3324

Abstract

ABSTRAK Pemberdayaan potensi-potensi di sektor pertanian daerah untuk meningkatkan kemakmuranmembutuhkan kajian perwilayahan komoditas pertanian. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kelembagaan dan merumuskan langkah-langkah strategis pemberdayaannya untuk mendukung perwilayahan komoditas pertanian. Hasil kajian mengenai kelembagaan pertanian di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat (KMB), khususnya kelembagaan pertanahan adat menunjukkan bahwa sistem kelembagaan yang berlaku di kalangan masyarakat perkotaan (urban community) dan juga masyarakat pinggiran kota (periferi) telah terjadi dualisme. Sebagian mengacu pada hukum positif sedangkan yang lain mengacu pada hukum adat. Dan di kalangan pedesaan, semuanya masih lembaga pertanahan adat. Struktur Lembaga pertanahan adat tersebut secara hirarkhis (dari atas ke bawah) terdiri dari Tua Golo, Tua Beo, dan Tua Batu. Fungsi dari masing-masing komponen, yaitu: Tua Golo merupakan kepala wilayah sebuah perbukitan (golo), pemilik tanah dan pemegang kekuasaan pemerintahan tertinggi. Dalam urusan pertanahan, TuaGolo dibantu oleh Tua Teno yang bertugas dalam pembagian tanah di wilayah kekuasaannya ini kepadawarga masyarakat yang ingin memilikinya, baik untuk pemukiman maupun untuk lahan pertanian. Tua Beo adalah kepala-kepala wilayah yang berada di bawahkekuasaan seorang Tua Golo. Wilayah pemerintahan mereka mencakup beberapa kampung. Sedangkan Tua Batu merupakan pemegang kekuasaan pemerintahan terendah yaitu pada level sebuah kampung atau komunitas pertanian, dimana warganya terdiri dari beberapa rumpun keluarga petani yang senasab, atau memiliki hubungan kekerabatan terdekat diantara sesama mereka. Masyarakat Manggarai Barathingga dewasa ini masih mengakui eksistensi kekuasaan banyak Tua Golo yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah KMB. Dalam rangka perwilayahan komoditas pertanian, maka eksistensi dari kelembagaan pertanahan adat ini merupakan modal social yang potensial. Sekurang –kurangnya ada dua hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam rangka pemberdayaannnya, yaitu :Pertama, pemetaan penyebaran Tua Golo dan Tua Teno serta wilayah kekuasaannya atas lahan pertanian yang tersebar di berbagai wilayah kecamatan,termasuk jumlah petani, luas lahan pertanian, serta kesesuaian lahan dengan jenis-jenis komoditas pertanian.Kedua, pembenahaan sistem norma pertanahan yang sesuai dengan perkembangan mutakhir, yang bertujuan untuk: mengendalikan jual-beli tanah dengan “pihak luar”, serta mencegah alih fungsi lahan pertanian,mengendalikan penggunaan lahan sesuai kelas-kelas kemampuan tanah, mengkoordinasikan kegiatan petani untuk menggunakan lahan pertanian potensial dengan berusahatani jenis-jenis komoditas yang direkomendasikan. Ketiga, memberdayakan para pemangku adat dalam kelembagaan pertanahan adat agar mereka bertanggungjawab atas kelestarian sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan hidup. Kata kunci : Perwilayahan komoditas, lembaga pertanahan adat, pemberdayaan. ABSTRACT The empowerment of the region’s agricultural potential sector to increase social prosperity, requires a scientific study of agricultural commodity routes. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the institution and formulate strategic steps for its empowerment to support zoning of agricultural commodities. The results of a study on agricultural institutions in West Manggarai Regency (KMB), especially tribal agrarian institutions, shows that the institutional system prevailing in urban communities (urban communities) and also suburban communities (periphery) has occurred dualism. Some of them refer to positive law while others refer to customary/traditional law. Meanwhile, among rural areas, all of them are still refer to customary/traditional land institutions. This tribal agrarian institution hierarchically (from top to bottom) consists of Tua Golo, Tua Beo, and Tua Batu. The function of each component, namely: Tua Golo is the head of a hilly area (golo), the owner of the land and the holder of the highest power. In land affairs, Tua Golo, assisted by Tua Teno, who distributes land in his territory to residents who want to own it, both for settlement and for agricultural land. Tua Beo are regional heads who are under the control of an Tua Golo. Their administrative area includes several villages. While Tua Batu is the holder of the lowest governmental power, namely at the level of a village or agricultural community, where the residents consist of several clumps of peasant families who are similar, or have the closest kinship among themselves. The people of West Manggarai (KMB) until now are willing to acknowledge the existence of the power of many Tua Golo who are well known throughout the KMB area. In the framework of zoning agricultural commodities, the existence of this tribal agrarian institutionis a potential social capital. There are at least two things that need to be considered in the framework of their empowerment, namely: First, mapping the distribution of Tua Golo and Tua Teno and their territory over agricultural land which is scattered in various sub-districts, including the number of farmers, the area of ​​agricultural land, and the suitability of land according to types of agricultural commodities. Second, reforming the land norm system in accordance with the latest developments, which aims to: control the sale and purchase of land with "outsiders", as well as prevent the conversion of agricultural land functions, control land use according to land capability classes, coordinate farmer activities to use land agricultural potential by cultivating the recommended types of commodities. Third, empowering tribal stakeholders in tribal agrarian institutions so that they are responsible for the preservation of natural resources and the environment. Keywords : Commodity zoning, tribal agrarian institution, empowerment
PERAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA ( BUM DESA) DALAM MEMBERDAYAKAN PETANI VANILI(vanilla planifolia) DI DESA LUBA KECAMATAN LEMBUR, KABUPATEN ALOR Ade Suryani; Mustafa Abdurrachman; Charles Kapioru
Buletin Ilmiah Impas Vol 22 No 1 (2021): Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS Volume 22 No. 1 Edisi April 2021
Publisher : Undana Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/impas.v22i1.4208

Abstract

The problems faced by Vanilla Farmers are the lack of services from economic institutions established by the Government in developing productive economic enterprises in the village and the lack of availability of various aspects of community empowerment that affect the income and economic welfare of vanilla farmers.The research method is descriptive qualitative using a Likert scale, to measure the attitudes, opinions and perceptions of a person or group of social phenomena with an ordinal scale. The research location is in Luba Village, Lembur District, Alor Regency. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentaries. Research objectives: (1) Knowing the Role of Village-Owned Enterprises in Empowering Vanilla Farmers (2) Knowing what are the obstacles of Village-Owned Enterprises in Empowering Vanilla Farmers, and (3) Knowing the success of Village-Owned Enterprises in Empowering Vanilla Farmers. The role of BUM Desa then has an impact on the attributes of community empowerment, including Human Development, Business Development, Environmental Development and Institutional Development. The results of the study are (1) The role of BUM Desa socially and economically for vanilla farmers by taking into account several dimensions of empowerment, including Human Development, Business Development, Environmental Development and Institutional Development, the results obtained were 53.77% BUM Desa in the category Enough Role in empowering farmers. vanilla. This result has not been maximized because several aspects in the context of empowerment have not been maximally played by BUM Desa. (2) The obstacles to empowering vanilla farmers include the lack of development of training and routine meetings, inequality of facilities and infrastructure to support the vanilla business, the lack of environmental conservation activities, the distribution of business capital has not yet been implemented so that it has not been utilized by vanilla farmers. (3) The Village Government should further increase capital participation in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa) sourced from Village Funds, to develop their BUM Desa business units.
PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI JAGUNG (Zea mays, L) DI DESA GELONG KECAMATAN ADONARA TIMUR, KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR Yohana Sabu Walen; Mustafa Abdurrachman; Maria Bano
Buletin Ilmiah Impas Vol 22 No 2 (2021): Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS Volume 22 No. 2 Edisi Juni 2021
Publisher : Undana Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/impas.v22i2.4911

Abstract

This research was conducted in Gelong Village, Adonara Timur District, East Flores Regency from August to September 2020. This study aims to determine; 1) Knowing the role of agricultural instructors in increasing the productivity of corn (Zea mays, L) farming in Gelong Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency, 2) Knowing farmer's perceptions of the role of agricultural instructors in increasing corn farming productivity in Gelong Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency. The determination of the location of this research was carried out deliberately based on the consideration that this location is one of the central areas of corn production. The population in this study were all corn farmers in Gelong Village, as many as 25 families. All of them were set as samples. To find out the first objective, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively, and to determine the second objective the data were analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale. The results of the data analysis showed that: 1) The role of agricultural extension agents was satisfactory in increasing the productivity of corn farming in Gelong Village. There are 5 roles played by agricultural extension agents related to efforts to increase maize productivity, namely: as a communicator, innovator, educator, facilitator, and motivator. 2) Farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension agents in increasing maize farming productivity in Gelong Village, Adonara Timur District, East Flores Regency are quite satisfied with the percentage of achieving a maximum score of 58.96% which is in the range > 52 - 68. This shows the existing extension agents in the research location it has played its role well as communicator, educator, innovator, facilitator, and motivator in increasing the productivity of corn farming but this has not been done optimally.