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All Journal SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Masdjidin Siregar
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Upaya Peningkatan Efisiensi Usaha Ternak Ditinjau dari Aspek Agribisnis yang Berdaya Saing Masdjidin Siregar; Nyak Ilham
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 21, No 1 (2003): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v21n1.2003.57-66

Abstract

EnglishThe objective of this paper is to analyze factors influencing the efficiency of livestock production by using competitive and comparative advantage approaches based on the data and information gathered in the previous studies. The results indicate that livestock production in Indonesia is relatively efficient from both financial and economic criteria. To increase the efficiency, significant government roles are still needed especially in public investments, zoning, and balancing production scales. Public investments are required in research, extension, breeding, and marketing facilities (livestock market places, transportation, and slaughtering houses). Zoning policy should take grazing fields into consideration and such a policy should be backed up by strong district regulation. Scale distribution of agribusiness should be arranged such that conflict between large agribusiness and smallholders could be minimized. IndonesianTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek-aspek yang menentukan efisiensi usaha ternak dengan pendekatan analisis kelayakan finansial (keunggulan kompetitif), dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi (keunggulan komparatif). Untuk mengetahui besaran-besaran yang mengindikasikan kelayakan finansial dan kelayakan ekonomi tersebut digunakan review hasil-hasil studi terdahulu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak yang dilakukan di Indonesia sudah cukup efisien baik dari segi kriteria profitabilitas usaha maupun dari segi keunggulan komparatif. Untuk peningkatan efisiensi tersebut diperlukan peran pemerintah yang relatif besar antara lain berupa investasi, pengaturan tata ruang, dan pengaturan pola pengusahaan. Investasi diperlukan dalam bidang penelitian, penyuluhan, pembibitan, sarana pemasaran (yang meliputi pasar ternak, transportasi dan Rumah Potong Ternak. Pengaturan tata ruang dihubungkan dengan penyediaan lahan penggembalaan umum dengan dasar hukum yang kuat (Perda) pada daerah sentra produksi. Pengaturan pola pengusahaan diupayakan agar tidak terjadi benturan antara usaha agribisnis besar (pengusaha) dengan usaha agribisnis berbasis kerakyatan.
Metode Alternatif Penentuan Tingkat Hasil dan Harga Kompetitif: Kasus Kedelai Masdjidin Siregar
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 17, No 1 (1999): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v17n1.1999.66-73

Abstract

EnglishA particular food crop may be deemed competitive if the crop provides farmers with a level of net returns that at least equals to the net returns from competing food crops. Competitive net returns can be reached by increasing yield level or by increasing output price level. Yield and output price levels that result in competitive net returns may be called respectively competitive yield and competitive output price. The computation of competitive yield and competitive output price is useful to see the competitiveness or the possibility of area changes of a particular crop under study. The computational methods have been initiated by Manwan et al (1990). However, the computational method regarding competitive yields suffers from shortcoming since it does not consider that, given unchanged technology and prices, an increase in yields requires an increase in costs. In order to reduce the weakness, this paper offers an alternative method. The alternative method is based on the assumption that, if the net return of a particular crop increases from (NRk0) to (NRj0), then the total variable cost should be multiplied by (NRk0/(NRj0)). Although the assumption has no convincing theoretical basis, the method is obviously better than the previous one. The application of the new method indicates that soybean can compete with corn even if soybean yield decreases by 30 percent. It should be noted that the data used in the analysis are from provincial level of Java. To have better results, one should apply similar analysis using data from district level or sub-district level by agro-ecological zones. IndonesianSuatu tanaman pangan dikatakan dapat bersaing dengan tanaman pangan lainnya kalau tanaman tersebut dapat memberikan tingkat penerimaan bersih paling sedikit sama dengan tingkat penerimaan bersih dari tanaman pangan pesaing. Jika tingkat penerimaan dari tanaman kedelai lebih rendah dari tingkat penerimaan dari tanaman jagung misalnya, maka daya saing kedelai dapat ditingkatkan dengan peningkatan hasil kedelai atau peningkatan harga kedelai. Salahsatu metode penghitungan tingkat hasil atau harga kompetitif digunakan oleh Manwan dkk (1990). Tetapi metode penghitungan tingkat hasil kompetitif tersebut mengandung kelemahan karena metode tersebut tidak mempertimbangkan bahwa, kalau teknologi dan harga-harga tidak berubah, peningkatan hasil memerlukan peningkatan biaya. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan itu, makalah ini menawarkan metode alternatif yang didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa peningkatan penerimaan bersih dari (NRk0) ke (NRj1) memerlukan biaya peubah total sebesar (NRk1/(NRj0) kali lipat. Hasil penggunaan metode alternatif ini terhadap Data Struktur Ongkos BPS menunjukkan bahwa kedelai dapat bersaing dengan tanaman jagung meskipun hasil kedelai turun 30 persen. Perlu dicatat bahwa data BPS tersebut merupakan data rataan tingkat provinsi. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik, metode tersebut sebaiknya digunakan pada data tingkat kabupaten atau kecamatan menurut keadaan agroekosistem.
Peran Pertanian Pinggiran Perkotaan dalam Penyediaan Kesempatan Kerja dan Pendapatan Keluarga A. Husni Malian; Masdjidin Siregar
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 18, No 1-2 (2000): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v18n1-2.2000.65-76

Abstract

EnglishThis paper presents the dwindling role of peri urban agriculture due to the urban development policy that has been bias towards manufacturing and service sectors. The policy and the economic crisis have different effects on the farmers of leafy vegetable, orchids, and ornamental plants. The increase in prices of fertilizers and wage rates and the decreasing demand for orchids and ornamental plants in 1999 have reduced the farmers' income. On the other hand, the increasing demand for leafy vegetables has encouraged a more intensive use of land without taking care of health problems and the environment. It is necessary therefore, that the development of peri urban agriculture be directed towards promotion, partnerships, and environmental sanitation. IndonesianTulisan ini menyajikan peran pertanian pinggiran perkotaan yang makin berkurang, sebagai akibat dari kebijakan pembangunan perkotaan yang lebih berorientasi kepada industri manufaktur dan jasa. Perubahan struktural pertanian perkotaan tersebut memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap petani yang mengusahakan sayuran, anggrek dan tanaman hias. kenaikan harga pupuk dan upah tenaga kerja yang diikuti dengan penurunan permintaan anggrek dan tanaman hias selama tahun 1999 telah menurunkan pendapatan petani. Sebaliknya, kenaikan permintaan terhadap sayuran telah mendorong pengelolaan lahan secara lebih instensif serta mengabaikan aspek kesehatan dan lingkungan. dalam kaitan ini perlu di kembangkan pola pembinaan pertanian perkotaan yang lebih diarahkan pada teknologi hemat lahan, serta upaya promosi, kemitraan dan sanitasi lingkungan.
Pembinaan Sistem Perbenihan Terpadu: Kasus Komoditas Kedelai Masdjidin Siregar
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 17, No 1 (1999): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v17n1.1999.14-26

Abstract

EnglishThe availability of good quality seeds as the basis for good production is still a problem. The major objective of this paper is to describe formal and informal soybean seed systems in Indonesia. While the use of such national soybean varieties as Wilis, Galunggung, etc., has been relatively high (more than 70%), most soybean farmers obtain soybean seed from informal Jabalsim system that produces unlabelled or uncertified seeds. The system is but an inter-field and inter-seasonal seed flow through market in a region. The Jabalsim system is deemed adequate for farmers who have preference for fresh, cheap and timely available seed. Integration of formal system and Jabalsim system is therefore urgently needed. The Government (Office of Agricultural Services, Seed Control and Certification Station or BPSB) may increase the service to assist and train seed growers and middlemen involved in seed business. Good quality soybean seeds should be periodically injected to Jabalsim system. It is suggested that to improve the national seed system in general, the members of the National Seed Agency (BBN) should include various experts (in breeding, seed technology, and biotechnology fields) and private companies dealing with seed production and marketing. IndonesianKetersediaan benih bermutu sebagai dasar peningkatan produksi masih merupakan masalah. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sistem perbenihan kedelai formal dan informal. Sementara tingkat penggunaan benih unggul nasional seperti Wilis, Galunggung dan sebagainya sudah relatif tinggi (lebih dari 70 persen), namun kebanyakan petani memperoleh benih kedelai dari sistem Jabalsim yang menghasilkan benih tidak berlabel. Sistem Jabalsim dipandang cukup memadai untuk para petani yang memiliki pilihan terhadap benih segar, murah dan tersedia manakala diperlukan. Karena itu maka integrasi sistem benih formal dan sistem informal sangat diperlukan. Dinas Pertanian dan Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih (BSPB) dapat meningkatkan pelayanannya untuk melaksanakan pelatihan bagi para penangkar benih dan pedagang benih. Benih Pokok (SS) bermutu perlu diinjeksikan secara berkala ke dalam sistem Jabalsim. Anggota Badan Perbenihan Nasional seharusnya terdiri dari berbagai tenaga ahli (pemuliaan tanaman, teknologi benih dan bioteknologi) dan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam produksi dan pemasaran benih.
EMPLOYMENT INDUCEMENT OF INDONESIAN AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS MASDJIDIN SIREGAR
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 1 Februari 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (48.233 KB)

Abstract

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kesempatan kerja yang tercipta oleh eksporpertanian dengan menggunakan data Input-Output Indonesia 1990 dan 1995. Hasil estimasimenunjukkan bahwa meskipun pengganda kesempatan kerja sektor pertanian relatif tinggi,kesempatan kerja yang ditimbulkan oleh ekspor pertanian sangat kecil jika dibandingkandengan yang ditimbulkan oleh ekspor non-pertanian karena ekspor pertanian sangat rendah.Relatif rendahnya ekpor pertanian dapat dimengerti karena para penentu kebijaksanaan ketikaitu agaknya percaya bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat hanya dapat dicapai denganmemacu ekspor non-pertanian, terutama ekspor manufaktur. Karena sektor-sektor pertanianmemiliki pengganda kesempatan kerja relatif tinggi dan ternyata lebih tahan terhadap kejutandari luar, seperti yang terjadi selama krisis ekonomi sejak tahun 1997, maka upayapeningkatan ekpor pertanian seharusnya tidak diabaikan terutama dalam rangka perluasankesempatan kerja.
KEBIJAKAN TARIF IMPOR PAHA AYAM DALAM MELINDUNGI INDUSTRI PERUNGGASAN NASIONAL MASDJIDIN SIREGAR; I WAYAN RUSASTRA
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (96.482 KB)

Abstract

The objectives of this paper are to analyze the competitiveness and comparativeadvantage of broiler production and to recommend alternative policies on import tariff andnon-import tariff barriers for chicken leg-quarter (CLQ), aimed at protecting the nationalbroiler industry. The results of the analysis indicate that Indonesia has the comparativeadvantage of whole chicken, but not in the form of parting chicken, particularly CLQ. Underan assumption that the profit of broiler industry is at least 20 percent of the total broilerproduction costs, the import tariff rate for CLQ should be 100 percent of CIF value of US$630/ton. Should the profit be 25 percent and 30 percent of the total broiler production costs,the fair tariff rates would be 110 percent and 120 percent. Such an import tariff policy forCLQ should be complemented by several strategic non-tariff policies, i.e.: (i) ASUH policy(save, healthy, whole and halal) which is considered comprehensive and effective; (ii) overallreview on the implementation of halal conditions in USA; (iii) import quantity barrier forCLQ as raw material for processed meat industry; (iv) smuggling abolition and lawenforcement as the consequences of a high import tariff implementation; and (v) for theurgency and the economic viability of the national broiler industry, it is essential to carry outpolitical lobby to limit or even to stop CLQ export from USA to Indonesia.
KEBIJAKAN TARIF IMPOR PAHA AYAM DALAM MELINDUNGI INDUSTRI PERUNGGASAN NASIONAL MASDJIDIN SIREGAR; I WAYAN RUSASTRA
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (96.482 KB)

Abstract

The objectives of this paper are to analyze the competitiveness and comparativeadvantage of broiler production and to recommend alternative policies on import tariff andnon-import tariff barriers for chicken leg-quarter (CLQ), aimed at protecting the nationalbroiler industry. The results of the analysis indicate that Indonesia has the comparativeadvantage of whole chicken, but not in the form of parting chicken, particularly CLQ. Underan assumption that the profit of broiler industry is at least 20 percent of the total broilerproduction costs, the import tariff rate for CLQ should be 100 percent of CIF value of US$630/ton. Should the profit be 25 percent and 30 percent of the total broiler production costs,the fair tariff rates would be 110 percent and 120 percent. Such an import tariff policy forCLQ should be complemented by several strategic non-tariff policies, i.e.: (i) ASUH policy(save, healthy, whole and halal) which is considered comprehensive and effective; (ii) overallreview on the implementation of halal conditions in USA; (iii) import quantity barrier forCLQ as raw material for processed meat industry; (iv) smuggling abolition and lawenforcement as the consequences of a high import tariff implementation; and (v) for theurgency and the economic viability of the national broiler industry, it is essential to carry outpolitical lobby to limit or even to stop CLQ export from USA to Indonesia.
Co-Authors A. Husni Malian I Wayan Rusastra Nyak Ilham