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Penggunaan Metode Bioassay untuk Mendeteksi Pergerakan Herbisida Pratumbuh Ametrin dan Diuron dalam Tanah Nanik Sriyani; Abdul Kadir Salam
Jurnal Agrista Vol 12, No 2 (2008): Volume 12 Nomor 2 Agustus 2008
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

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The Use of Bioassay to Detect the Movement of Ametryne and Diuron Herbicides in the SoilABSTRACT. This study is the third step from a series of studies aim to develop method to detect the present and quantity of herbicides in soil and water through a simple, easy, cheap, but accurate bioassay technique. Bioassay is a method which measure response of living organism to determine the presence or quantity of substances in a sample on medium, such as soil, water, and other materials. In this study, bioassay developed in the earlier studies was used to detect movement of ametryne and diuron herbicides in soil. Study was carried out using soil column method. Treatment were arranged factorially in a completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. Two ultisol soil types: Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) and Latosol cokelat (LC), and 2 preemergence herbicides: ametryne and diuron were tested. To calculate the amoung of herbicide using bioassay, each standard curve for ametryne and diuron (relationship between the growth of indicator plant as a respon of the amount of herbicide) were developed. Using these standard curves, the amount of ametryne and diuron was calculated based on the growth rate of indicator plant. Result showed that bioassay method can be utilized to detect herbicide movement in soil. The amount and the rate of herbicides movement was determined by soil and herbicide types. In PMK, ametryne was detect at the all soil dept from 1 through 4 week after application (WAA), however at 8 WAA this herbicides was only detected in 20-40 cm soil depth in limited amount, while at 12 WAA there was no ametryne detected in all soil depth. In LC, ametryne was also detected at all soil depth 1 day after application (DAA) through 1 WAA, while at 2 through 4 WAA ametryne was detected at 0-30 cm soil depth. At 8 and 12 WAA there was no more ametryn detected in all soil depth. The movement of diuron herbicide was more restricted compared to ametryn, both in PMK or LC. In PMK, from DAA 1 through 4 WAA diuron was only detected at 0-20 cm soil depth. At 8 WAA this herbicide was found at 10-20 cm soil depth, while at 12 WAA there was no diuron detected in all soil depth. In LC, most of diuron applied was still present in the upper soil colom (0-10 cm), while at 10-20 cm soil depth this herbicide was present in the limited amount 1 DAA through 1 WAA, diuron was detected only at 0-10 cm soil depth, meanwhile from 4 through 12 WAA there was no diuron detected at all soil depth.

Keakuratan Metode Bioassay dalam Mendeteksi Herbisida Pratumbuh Ametrin dan Diuron dalam Tanah dan Air Nanik Sriyani
Jurnal Agrista 2008: Edisi Khusus Nomor 1 November 2008
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Accuracy of Bioassay Technique for Detection of Preemergence Herbicides Ametryn and Diuron in Soil and WaterABSTRACT. The objective of this study is to know the accuracy of the bioassay technique developed to detect ametryn and diuron herbicides in soil and water. Ametryn and diuron are two of several premergence herbicides currently used extensively in Indonesia expecially in plantations crops. The extensive used of the herbicides raised concern about their residue in soil and water and its negative effects. This study is a second step of three steps of experiments aimed to develop a method to detect the amount of herbicides in soil and water using a simple, easy, and economical using bioassay technique. In the previous first step, indicators plant and standard curves for ametryn and diuron were already determined. The objective of this study is to know the accuracy of the bioassay technique to detect ametryn and diuron herbicides in soil and water. Test curve were developed to evaluate accuracy between the amount of herbicide applied compared with the amount calculate of bioassay methods. Test curve is a linier correlation between amount of herbicide applied and the amount detected by bioassay method, stated as Y = a + bX, Y is the amount calculate by bioassay and X is the amount applied. If the amount calculate by bioassay is the same as the amount applied, the test cuve become Y = X, so a must be equal to 0 and b equal to 1 (a=0 and b=1), which means the bioassay method is accurate. Result showed that bioassay could be used to detect ametryn accurately in soil using caisim as indicator-plant, by measuring its shoot length or shoot dry weight. However, this indicator plant could not detect ametryn in water accurately. Bioassay could also be used to detect diuuron accurately both in soil and in water using cucumber as indicator-plant, by measuring its shoot or root length, as well as shoot or root dry weight.

Resistance status and physiological responses of Dactyloctenium aegyptium to diuron herbicide in pineapple plantation RESTI PUSPA KARTIKA SARI; NANIK SRIYANI; YUSNITA YUSNITA; HIDAYAT PUJISISWANTO
Jurnal Natural Volume 22 Number 3, October 2022
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Diuron herbicide has been used in the pineapple plantation in Lampung, Indonesia, for more than 35 years. It has been realized that the use of herbicides with the same mode of action intensively can speed up the evolution of resistant weeds over a long period of time. This study aimed to determine whether Dactyloctenium aegyptium from pineapple plantation has evolved resistance to diuron and to examine whether the resistance correlates with the weed physiological activities. The study was conducted at the University of Lampung, from September 2018 to March 2019. The study consisted of two stages, i.e. Stage 1: Weed resistance test and Stage 2: Physiological activity test on resistant weed. The study used a split-plot design. The main plot was the origins of weeds (exposed and unexposed to diuron) and thhe supplots was the diuron dose. The result showed that D. aegyptium exposed has high-level resistance to diuron. The physiological activities of D. aegyptium which has a high level of diuron resistance exhibited higher carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates than the sensitive D. aegyptium.

Resistance status and physiological responses of Dactyloctenium aegyptium to diuron herbicide in pineapple plantation RESTI PUSPA KARTIKA SARI; NANIK SRIYANI; YUSNITA YUSNITA; HIDAYAT PUJISISWANTO
Jurnal Natural Volume 22 Number 3, October 2022
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jn.v22i3.25286

Diuron herbicide has been used in the pineapple plantation in Lampung, Indonesia, for more than 35 years. It has been realized that the use of herbicides with the same mode of action intensively can speed up the evolution of resistant weeds over a long period of time. This study aimed to determine whether Dactyloctenium aegyptium from pineapple plantation has evolved resistance to diuron and to examine whether the resistance correlates with the weed physiological activities. The study was conducted at the University of Lampung, from September 2018 to March 2019. The study consisted of two stages, i.e. Stage 1: Weed resistance test and Stage 2: Physiological activity test on resistant weed. The study used a split-plot design. The main plot was the origins of weeds (exposed and unexposed to diuron) and thhe supplots was the diuron dose. The result showed that D. aegyptium exposed has high-level resistance to diuron. The physiological activities of D. aegyptium which has a high level of diuron resistance exhibited higher carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates than the sensitive D. aegyptium.

UJI SIFAT CAMPURAN HERBISIDA 2,4-D DIMETIL AMINA DAN ISOPROPILAMINA GLIFOSAT TERHADAP GULMA Cyperus kyllingia, Borreria alata, DAN Axonopus compressus Fairuz Diva Andini; Hidayat Pujisiswanto; Herry Susanto; Nanik Sriyani; Dad R. J. Sembodo
Jurnal Agrotek Tropika Vol 10, No 4 (2022): JURNAL AGROTEK TROPIKA VOL 10, NOVEMBER 2022
Publisher : Departement of Agrotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jat.v10i4.6578

Pencampuran herbisida bertujuan untuk memperluas spektrum pengendalian gulma, meningkatkan efektivitas herbisida, dan mengurangi biaya pengendalian. Herbisida campuran dengan dua atau lebih jenis bahan aktif akan menunjukkan interaksi antara satu bahan aktif dengan bahan yang lain. Interaksi yang dihasilkan yaitu bersifat sinergis, antagonis, atau aditif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji sifat campuran herbisida berbahan aktif 2,4-D dimetil amina dan isopropilamina glifosat yang diaplikasikan terhadap gulma Cyperus kyllingia, Borreria alata, dan Axonopus compressus. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Lapangan Terpadu dan laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Universitas Lampung, mulai bulan Desember 2020 sampai Februari 2021. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan perlakuan herbisida tunggal 2,4-D dimetil amina 100 g/l (25, 50, 100, 200 g/ha), isopropilamina glifosat 300 g/l (75, 150, 300, 600 g/ha), campuran herbisida 2,4-D dimetil amina 100 g/l + isopropilamina glifosat 300 g/l (50, 100, 200, 400 g/ha), dan tanpa perlakuan herbisida (kontrol) dengan 6 ulangan. Gulma uji terdiri dari tiga golongan yang berbeda yaitu golongan teki (C. kyllingia), golongan daun lebar (B. alata), dan golongan rumput (A. compressus). Analisis aktivitas herbisida campuran dilakukan dengan metode MSM untuk menentukan LD50 perlakuan dan harapan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa campuran dua bahan aktif herbisida 2,4-D dimetil amina 100g/l + isopropilamina glifosat 300 g/l memiliki nilai LD50 perlakuan sebesar 11,00 g/ha lebih kecil dari nilai LD50 harapan sebesar 15,40 g/ha dan nilai ko-toksisitas sebesar 1,4 (>1), sehingga pencampuran herbisida berbahan aktif 2,4-D dimetil amina + isopropilamina glifosat bersifat sinergis.

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