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Sensitivity of Acehnese varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to high temperature stress during flowering stage Sabaruddin Zakaria; . Bakhtiar; . Efendi
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

. Rice is very sensitive to high temperature stress at the flowering stage. The rice plants were exposed to high temperature condition under green house. Some varieties show tolerance to heat stress, and the others are sensitive. Nine local Acehness varieties: Si Puteh, Itam Tangke Lango, Ramos Tihion Tamping, Sireundeun Semantok, Bo Santeut Seumantok, Pade Cut Krusek, Sipirok, Sigeudop and Cantek Lembayung were observed for high temperature stress during flowering stage. The objective of this research are: to identify the effect of heat stress on reproductive stage of local Acehnese, Indonesian rice; and to find the varieties that sensitive and hopefully have the gene of “temperature genic male sterility” (TGMS) that can be used as restorer varieties for production of hybrid rice. Heat stress significantly decreased pollen viability, plant architecture, and yield components. The pollen viability was observed by stainability and germination rate of the pollen. Based on pollen germination ability showed that one variety of rice, Sigeudop, showed tolerance to high temperature stress. Whereas the sensitive variety was Bo Santeut Seumantok, the local Indonesian rice that is potential to have TGMS gene. Pollen stainability showed that all varieties of pollen involved stainability from plants cultivation at high temperature, and all the varieties had the high rate of pollen stainability. We also found that pollen germination rate showed three varieties of rice cultivated in high temperature involved high resistance of the pollens. 
Physiological Seed Performance of Local Aceh and National Release Variety of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Water Stress Cut Nur Ichsan; . Bakhtiar; . Efendi; . Sabarudin
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 2 (2015): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Global warming causes changes in rainfall patterns causing lack of water for cultivation (IPPC,2007). About 50% of the rice cultivation area in the world has water shortages which becomes limiting factors of production (Bouman, 2009), hence the need   early detection for drought- resistant varieties with seed physiological test. The experiment carry out at Laboratory Seed Technology and Industry of Agriculture Faculty Syiah Kuala University from April to June 2015. The  experiment in  split plot design 3X10 with 3  replication and  standing roll  wet paper germination method used. Amount of 2250 seed are used for physiological seed performance test. Water stress condition induced with PEG 6000 0%; 12.5%; 25%. Local genotype and national released variety of rice used in this experiment are Bo Santeut, Romokot, Sanbei, Pade mas, Aweuh, Inpari 16, IR 64, Situ Patenggang, and Towuti. Concentrations of Polyethilene Glicol 6000 (PEG 6000) have significant effect on all physiological parameter. Some local rice Aceh genotypes potentially to be cultivated on dry lands to cope water stress conditions.
Rejuvenation and Characterization of Local Rice Germplasm (Orya sativa L.) Under Organic Cultivation Syste . Efendi; . Bakhtiar; Sabaruddin Zakaria; . Syafruddin
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 2 (2015): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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The research was carried out to rejuvenate and evaluate the performances of plant characters of rice genotyps to produce a pure lines that are suitable for organic cultivation method. Thirty genotypes of the selected local rice were conducted to evaluate the phenotype performances under the organic cultivation method. The rice genotypes were utilized in this experiment to evaluate their morpho-agronomic characters under organic cultivation system. Characterization of seed performances of each accession was described and catalogued to identify their accession traits. In addition, genotypic differences and similarities were also characterized and catalogued. Duplicate accessions were eliminated from the same variety or nearly identical variants of a variety. The morpho-agronomic performances of plant height, number of tillers, lifespan, number of panicles, filled grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield potential, and harvest index were clearly affected by the genotype. The results showed that the genotypes were greatly varied the morphoagronomic performances. , if organic system was applied, it was found that the responses of rice growth and yield of local varieties of Aceh is better than rice varieties cultivated by the national and introduction genotype.
Selection of Acehnese germplasm of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using SRI approach in the post-tsunami affected area of Aceh Province, Indonesia . Efendi; Elly Kesumawati; . Bakhtiar; Sabaruddin Zakaria
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

After affected by the giant tsunami waves following the 9.1 earthquake on December 26, 2004 in Aceh province of Indonesia, many of natural resources were damaged, including the loss of germplasm of rice in low land area. Therefore, we attempt to collect and evaluate the Acehnese germplasm of rice. We identified the Acehnese accession of rice by describing the characteristics of the rice plant using cultivation method of system for rice intensification or SRI with organic approach. Some of the descriptors include days of tillage formation, days from emergence to flowering, kernel weight, plant height, and yield components. We found that the Acehnese rice germplasm collection is very diverse: the days of tillage formation is 6 to 18 days after planting; the days from emergence to flowering is 56 to 90 days, plant height is 77 to 121 cm,  and 1,000 kernel weight is 19.47 to 30.27 g. So, we concluded that the diversity of Acehnese rice is very rich, the rice accessions were identified and now stored in the cool storage system. Evaluation of the accession showed considerable promise as material research with high yield potential, high levels of tolerance to stresses such as weeds, drought, acidity and blast for further evaluation. The progenies might provide the improved sustainability of intensified systems through durable crop resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. In the future, characterization traits will be selected for resistance to pests-diseases, and tolerance to drought and salinity stresses, as well as analysis of grain quality. We will also develop the high multiple resistance to environmental stresses.
Co-Authors . Efendi . Efendi . Sabarudin . Syafruddin Elly Kesumawati Mudinillah, Adam Sabaruddin Zakaria