Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

EVALUASI REAKTIFITAS KATALIS NIMO DALAM PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN AUSTRALIAN LOY YANG Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Indonesia South Banko (BS) and Australian Loy Yang (LY) were liquefied usingtwo hydrogenation catalysts, Ni/Mo and Co/Mo at mild condition (400oC, 6MPa(H2 cold)). The study shows that the use of Ni/Mo in hydrogenation for both BSand LY coals gives a higher total conversion, asphaltene and OGW (oil-gaswater)yields than that of Co/Mo. The use of Ni/Mo for LY coal hydrogenationgives higher total coanversion and asphaltene yield than SB coal. This suggeststhat SB has more condensed structure than LY coal. However, the amount of oilyield is similar for both coals. Furthermore, the use of Co/Mo for both coals alsogives almost equal result in total conversion, asphaltene and OGW yields.Addition of sulphur (as CS2) enhances the total conversion and OGW yield forboth catalysts Ni/Mo and Co/Mo. Sulphur addition on Ni/Mo treated coal did notimprove the asphaltene yield, but converted it into lower molecular weight.Adding sulphur could also improve total conversion for Co/Mo treated coal similarto Ni/Mo/CS2 treated coal. Increasing reaction time also improves the totalconversion, asphaltene and OGW yield. The reactivitiy of BS and LY in this studyis also dependent on their behaviour or characteristic, such the environment ofoxygen content in the macro structure of the coal.Kata kunci: south banko coal, australian loy yang coal, ni/mo catalyst, co/mocatalyst, asphaltene, coal liquefaction

UPGRADING KATALITIK DISTILAT MINYAK BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DENGAN KATALIS NIMO SULFIDA Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Catalytic hydrotreatment of South Banko coal liquid (SBCL) middle distillate (b.p.300 ? 420 oC) was performed over NiMo sulfides catalysts. The hydrotreatmentwas conducted in an autoclave of 50 ml capacity under the conditions of 340 ?420 oC, 60 and 120 min and initial hydrogen pressure of 5 ? 10 MPa. Thehydrotreatment reduced the contents of all heteroatom species (S, N and O).Sulfur species were easiest to be removed, while nitrogen species were mostrefractory. Reactivities of some representative heteroatom species weremeasured to find the refractory species in coal liquid by GC-AED. Carbonsupported catalyst was compared to alumina supported one confirming its higheractivity for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation.Kata kunci: coal liquid, middle distillate, Katalis NiMo, hydrotreatment,heteroatom, GC-AED, hidrodesulfurisasi, hidrodeoksigenasi,hidrodenitrogenasi

ANALISIS KONSUMSI HIDROGEN PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO TENGAH DAN RESIDU KILANG MINYAK BALIKPAPAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A series of liquefaction test to understand the effect of initial hydrogen pressureon the yield structure of Banko coal liquefaction under the presence of catalystand short residue solvent was studied. Three sets of initial pressure at 5, 9 and12MPa were tested under liquefaction condition. The test was carried out in CoalLiquefaction Laboratory-BPPT, using 1 liter autoclave at temperature of 450oC forone hour. The results showed that by increasing the initial H2 pressure from5MPa to 9 and 12MPa would improve the distillate yield for about 8-9wt%dafc.This was due to the availability of hydrogen gas provided at 5MPa was smallerthan 9MPa and 12MPa, so that the molecular hydrogen transformed into protonhydrogen and involved in stabilizing decomposed coal structure and shortresidue became larger. It was found that the changes of H2O, CO+CO2 and ofC1~C4 yields were independent to the variable of initial hydrogen pressure. Theseresults possibly confirm that H2O and CO+CO2 yield depend on the raw coalquality input. It was also found that at higher initial pressure ( 9MPa), thehydrogen consumption was become less. This may confirm that hydrogen donoravailability of short residue at higher pressure plays a good role in the reaction sothat less amount of hydrogen from the gas is required for the liquefactionreaction.Kata kunci: hydrogen-donor, catalyst, liquefaction yield

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA KONVERSI KATALITIK RESIDU MINYAK BUMI Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A hydroconversion catalytic process of Indonesian petroleum residue from Plaju(UP IV) refinery plant was investigated. A series of liquefaction tests using a 1liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under reference condition e.i.: initial hydrogenpressure of 12 MPa and 2.0 of atomic ratio of sulfur to iron were conducted. Theinfluence of the temperature of 430,450,470oC and the reaction time of 30,60,90minute was used and compare the yield structure of each run. It was found thatthe oil yield and gases CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon yield increased significantly bythe increasing of the temperature reaction and holding time. While, the liquidbottom yield had a tendency to decrease which reversely to the oil yield. It alsoappeared that hydrogen consumption would tend to increase with increasing oilyield, leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. As a result, thehydroconversion catalytic process could be applied to upgrade petroleum residuewhich indicated by increasing oil yield in mild condition.Kata Kunci: hidrokonversi katalitik, residu minyak bumi

UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BANKO COAL LIQUEFACTION Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil kajian financial dan dampak ekonomi makropembangunan pabrik komersial pencairan batubara Banko di Tanjung Enim,Sumatera Selatan dengan kapasitas total 12,000 t/d dry-ash free coal (daf).Kajian financial meliputi evaluasi proyek total (total investasi) IRR, NPV PaybackPeriod dan profitabilitas proyek dilihat dari kemampuan untuk pengembalianhutang dan dividen.. Manfaat ekonomi makro pabrik dikaji berdasarkan potensiekonomi ditinjau dari penghematan devisa, total pajak korporat, penggunaansumber daya alam, kesempatan kerja, iklim investasi, dan kontribusi terhadappengembangan masyarakat. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kontibusi devisatotal gross dari proyek selama tahun 2011-2035 dan penghematan devisanyaadalah sebesar USD24,883 juta and USD 20,830 juta. Selain itu disimpulkanbahwa minyak dari hasil pencairan batubara mampu menghemat pemakaiandevisa yang seharusnya digunakan impor minyak. Besar substitusi pasar olehminyak batubara mencapai 84juta barel atau setara dengan USD3.696juta.Keywords: batubara Banko, pencairan, biaya proyek, total investasi, profitablitas

KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK PRODUK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA MUDA DARI LATI, KALIMANTAN TIMUR Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Liquefied coal contains of higher aromatic compound, nitrogen, oxygen andsmaller amount of sulfur compared to petroleum fuel oil. These componentscauses gum/sludge formation which disturbs product stability duringtransportation and storage. High aromatic content lowers the cetane number ofliquefied coal oil. The study suggests that the catalytic hydrotreating of liquefiedcoal oil produced from Lati coal liquefaction can reduce the amount of S, O, andN heteroatom significantly. Gas oil fraction derived from Lati coal has a cetaneindex = 38.6, while the octane number of naphtha is expected to be higher than95 through catalytic reforming. In general, it can be concluded that synthetic fueloil derived from Lati coal has the qualification as transportation fuel oil throughthe application of Improved BCL Process.Kata Kunci: limonite catalyst, coal liquefaction, catalytic hydrotreating, liquefiedcoal oil, gas oil fraction, cetane index, octaen number

KOMPARASI KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN YALLOURN AKIBAT PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR Artanto, Yuli; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A coal liqueafaction test was carried out to investigate the reactivity of anIndonesian brown coal, called South Banko, and an Australian brown coal, calledYallourn. The liquefaction reaction was conducted to ascertain the effect ofreaction temperature on the reactivity of both brown coals and it represents onthe oil, CLB, CO+CO2 and C1~C4 yields. The result shows that South Banko coalis more reactive than Yallourn coal. South Banko coal gives a higher oil yieldthan that of Yallourn. Oil derived from South Banko coal increases as reactiontemperature rises. In contrast, oil derived from Yallourn decreased as reactiontemperature increased. This result indicated that South Banko has more labilestructure than that of Yallourn and it can easily break down the structure of SouthBanko coal. In term of hydrocarbon gas, Yallourn produces higher yield than thatof South Banko. This suggests that Yallourn coal has alkyl groups in its structure.It was also found that CO+CO2 yields are similar to both brown coals. SouthBanko has less CLB yield than that of Yallourn but the CLB yield of South Bankocoal is higher than that of Yallourn while temperature is increased to 470oC. Inshort, the study shows that South Banko coal is more reactive than that ofYallourn coal and it is very potential for the coal liquefaction feedstock.Kata kunci: batubara muda, Banko Selatan, Yallourn, distillate yield, CLB,CO+CO2,C1-C4, feedstock

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON LIQUEFACTION OF KALIMANTAN BROWN COALS Hartiniati, Hartiniati; Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Efek karakateristik batubara terhadap yield produk pencairan batubaradiinvetigasi menggunakan sampel batubara dari Berau (Lati dan Kelai), Mulia,Wara dan Kideco. Batubara Banko dari Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan,digunakan sebagai batubara rujukan. Pengujian pencairandilaksanakanmenggunakan gas-flow type autoclave (5L) dengan umpanbatubara 2002 (daf), pelarut batubara turunan (b.p.300-420oC) 400g, katalis Fe1.0-3.0 wt% (daf), elemen sulfur (rasio atom S/Fe 2.,0) pada tekanan 14.7MPa,suhu 450oC selama 60menit. Sampel limonit dari Soroako Indonesia dan YandiYellow dari Australia, yang terutama terdiri dari ?-FeOOH, digunakan sebagaibahan katalis pada pengujian pencairan batubara. Studi ini merekomendasikanbertambahnya minyak yield akibat peningkatan kandungan oksigen dalambatubara, rasio atom H/C dan kandungan besi dalam batubara, mengingat besidalam batubara dapat berfungsi sebagai katalis dalam pencairan batubara.Limonit Soroako medium grade (MGL) menunjukkan aktifitas lebih tinggidibandingkan Yandi Yellow (YY) karena sifat transformasinya membentuk kristalkristalpyrrhotite (Fe1-XS), fase aktif dalam pencairan batubara. Sejumlahsenyawa nitrogen dan sulfur dalam minyak batubara telah berhasil dihilangkanmelalui proses hydrotreatment selanjutnya memperbaiki mutu produk.Keywords: pencairan, batubara berau, limonit, pyrrhotite, soroako,hydrotreatment

REAKTIFITAS BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT DARI RESIDU KILANG MINYAK PLAJU PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO TENGAH Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

An effect of two different residue for liquefaction of Central Banko coal isdisccused. The residue was obtained from side-stream of refinery plant, whichso-called long residue and short residue solvents. The liquefaction test wascarried out under the reference conditions that have been developed in BPPTcoal liquefaction laboratory, at temperature of 450oC and initial H2 pressure of12MPa for 1 hour. The result shows that the distillate yield, Bottom (BTM) yield,and hydrogen consumption were dependent on the nature of solvent. Shortresidue solvent shown higher reactivity than the long residue. Reaction betweenCentral Banko and Short Residue gave distillate yield higher than the longresidue. Moreover, its BTM yield was also lower than that of long residue solvent.This result confirmed the lower hydrogen consumption for reaction short residueand Central Banko coal compared to that for reaction long residue and CentralBanko. In this study, it also confirmed that the yield of H2O and CO+CO2 weredependent on the material input condition. However, the yield of hydrocarbongases (C1~C4) was mainly affected by de-alkylation in the solvent and coal duringthe reactionKata kunci: residu minyak bumi, proses pencairan batubara, central Banko

Title

Found 30 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 30 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 30 Documents
Search