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PROSES PENGENDAPAN URANIL NITRAT MELALUI JALUR AMONIUM DIURANAT (ADU) PADA FASILITAS PILOT CONVERSION PLANT (PCP) Putra Oktavianto; Anne Ariyanita Ariyanita; Islah Mukminati
PIN Pengelolaan Instalasi Nuklir Vol 12, No 22 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : PIN Pengelolaan Instalasi Nuklir

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Larutan hasil proses pemekatan seksi 600 dengan kadar U sebesar ±188 gU/L dikirim ke seksi mencapai pH pengendapan optimum memerlukan jumlah yang cukupbanyak. Maka dari itu, dilakukan pengurangan volume umpan larutan UN dalam tangki sehingga larutan amonium hidroksida (NH4OH) yang masuk ke dalam tangki akan lebih banyak jumlahnya. Dengan cara ini diharapkan pH hasil larutan ADU yang diperoleh bisa mencapai pH 9. Pada proses yang telah dilakukan, pH proses dicapai 7,6 dan endapan ADU yang terbentuk sudah dianggap sempurna sehingga bisa dilakukan proses selanjutnya. Sedangkan jumlah serbuk ADU kering yang diperoleh adalah sebanyak 3 Kg. Jumlah ini kurang dari jumlah kapasitas maksimal yang bisa didapatkan yaitu 12,5 Kg, karena volume umpan larutan UN dilakukan pengurangan dari volume yang telah ditentukan, sehingga jumlah uranium yang terendapkan juga berkurang.900 untuk dilakukan proses pengendapan. Proses pengendapan ini dilakukan untuk mengkonversi larutan uranil nitrat (UN) menjadi endapan amonium diuranat (ADU). Proses pengendapan larutan uranil nitrat (UN) pada seksi 900 dilakukan dengan menambahkan larutan amonium hidroksida (NH OH) pada larutan uranil nitrat (UN) pada temperatur ±60oC menggunakan tangki pengendapan C-902. Larutan amonium hidroksida (NH4OH) yang tersedia saat ini molaritasnya sangat rendah yaitu 2,8 M. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan untukKata kunci : PCP, proses pengendapan, uranil nitrat, amonium hidroksida,amonium diuranat, pHABSTRACTThe resulting solution of the evaporation process section 600 with a U level of ± 188 g U / L was sent to section 900 for the precipitation process. This precipitation process for conversion from uranyl nitrate (UN) solution to ammonium diuranate (ADU). The precipitation process of uranyl nitrate (UN) solution in the 900 section was carried out by adding a solution of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) in uranyl nitrate (UN) solution at a temperature ± 60 C in the C-902 precipitation tank. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution available now have very low molarity of 2.8 M. The effect is the pH of the solution obtained can’t reach pH 9 so that the precipitation process is not perfect. Therefore, in this process the volume of feed of the UN solution in the tank will be reduced so that the ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution that fill in the tank will be more the quantities. With this method is expected the pH of the ADU solution obtained can reach pH 9. In the process that has been done, reached pH 7.6 . At this pH, the formed ADU sediment are considered perfect and can be carried out for next process. While the amount of dry ADU powder obtained is as much as 3 kg. This amount is less than the maximum capacity that can be obtained, that is 12.5 kg. This is because the volume of the UN solution feed is reduced from the maximum volume, so the amount of precipitated uranium is also reduced.Keywords: PCP, precipitation process, uranyl nitrate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium diuranate, PH

Pemisahan Impuritas Dari Larutan Uranil Nitrat dengan Proses Ekstraksi dan Re-ekstraksi di Pilot Conversion Plant Islah Mukminati; Putra Oktavianto; Agus Sartono Dwi Santosa; Anne Ariyanita Ariyanita
PIN Pengelolaan Instalasi Nuklir Vol 12, No 22 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : PIN Pengelolaan Instalasi Nuklir

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Pemisahan Impuritas Dari Larutan Uranil Nitrat dengan Proses Ekstraksi dan Re- ekstraksi di Pilot Conversion Plant. Telah dilakukan proses pemurnian uranil nitrat meliputi proses ekstraksi dan re-ekstraksi (stripping) pada seksi 400 di instalasi Pilot Conversion Plant dengan umpan uranium kadar rendah sebesar 77,51 gr U/L, kecepatan alir pompa P-40142L/jam, keasaman ± 3N dan dikontakan dengan pelarut organik TBP-kerosene (30:70) dalammixer settler MS-401 dengan kecepatan alir 32L/jam. Dalam proses reekstraksi (stripping) laju alir uranium (fase organik) 32L/jam, nitrat encer (fase anorganik) yang digunakan dengan kadar0,05 N dan laju alir 32L/jam. Dengan umpan uranil nitrat kadar rendah tersebut diperoleh recovery uranil nitrat hasil pemurnian sebesar 44,65%. Impurities yang mampu dipisahkan dalam proses ini unsur Al sebesar 76,54%;Ca dan Mg 94,09%;Cr 62,41%;Co 99,97%;Cu76,68%;Fe 79,46% ;Pb 88,34% ; Mn 74,84%;Ni 43,82% ; Zn 93,96%. Kata kunci: ekstraksi, re-ekstraksi (stripping), uranil nitrat, nuclear grade, Pilot Conversion Plant ABSTRACTImpurities Separation From Uranyl Nitrate Solution with Extraction and Stripping Process in Pilot Conversion Plant. Uranyl nitrate from refining process has been carried out including the extraction and stripping process in section 400 Pilot Conversion Plant where the feed is low grade uranium with 77,518 gr U / L, flow rate of P-401 pump is 42L / hour, acidity ± 3N, the solution contacted with TBP-kerosene as organic solvent (30:70) in the MS-401 settler mixer at a flow rate of 32L / hr. In the process of re-extracting (stripping), uranium flow rate (organic phase) is 32L / hr, 0.05 N nitratic acid (inorganic phase) is used and the flow rate is 32L / hr. With this low grade uranyl nitrate feed, recovery of uranyl nitrate from this purification process reached 44,65%. The Impurities which separated in this process are Al 76,54%; Ca and Mg94,09%; Cr 62,41%; Co 99,97%; Cu 76,68%; Fe 79,46%; Pb 88, 34%; Mn 74,84%; Ni 43,82%; Zn 93,96%. Keywords: extraction, stripping, uranyl nitrat, nuclear grade, Pilot Conversion Plant

Studi Perbandingan Sifat Mekanis Vulkanisat Karet Menggunakan Plasticizer Minyak Jelantah Epoksi Dan Komersil Andri Saputra; Pani Satwikanitya; Muh Wahyu Sya'bani; Mertza Fitra Agustian; Fitria Puspita; Putra Oktavianto
Rekayasa Hijau : Jurnal Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan Vol 7, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/jrh.v7i2.138-151

ABSTRAKTingginya jumlah minyak jelantah yang tersedia sebagai limbah menjadi tantangan terbesar. Asam lemak tak jenuh yang terdapat dalam minyak jelantah memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plasticizer minyak epoksi. Di sisi lain, pengembangan plasticizer terbarukan berbasis bahan alam untuk menggantikan plasticizer fosil telah menjadi perhatian banyak peneliti karena isu menipisnya bahan baku minyak bumi, masalah lingkungan, hingga isu kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh plasticizer fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perbandingan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet yang menggunakan plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi terhadap plasticizer komersil (minyak parafinik dan minyak kedelai epoksi). Minyak jelantah yang masih mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh diproses epoksidasi dengan metode refluks (60oC selama 4 jam) menggunakan pelarut n-heksane, katalis asam asetat glasial dan resin amberlit IR-120, dan oksigen donor hidrogen peroksida. Minyak jelantah epoksi dikarakterisasi gugus oksiran menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan bilangan oksiran menggunakan metode titrasi. Plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi, minyak parafinik, dan minyak kedelai epoksi diaplikasikan pada kompon karet dan diuji sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet menggunakan mesin universal testing machine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektra FTIR minyak jelantah epoksi memperlihatkan keberadaan vibrasi peregangan gugus epoksi (C-O-C) pada puncak 1240 cm-1 dan bilangan oksiran 2,24%. Hasil pengujian vulkanisat menggunakan plasticizer minyak jelantah epoksi (EUCO) memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek, dan ketahanan kikis yang lebih unggul dibandingkan vulkanisat menggunakan plasticizer minyak parafinik (PO). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa minyak jelantah epoksi mampu menggantikan plasticizer berbasis minyak bumi, seperti minyak parafinik (PO). Kekuatan sobek dan ketahanan kikis vulkanisat yang menggunakan EUCO lebih tinggi dibandingkan vulkanisat yang menggunakan minyak kedelai epoksi (ESO), meskipun kekuatan tariknya lebih rendah, sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa minyak jelantah epoksi yang disintesis dapat memberikan kinerja yang cukup baik sebagai plasticizer karet, sebanding dengan minyak epoksi komersial, seperti minyak kedelai epoksi.Kata kunci: Minyak jelantah epoksi, Plasticizer komersil, Sifat mekanis, Vulkanisat.ABSTRACTThe high volume of waste cooking oil is one of the biggest obstacles. Unsaturated fatty acids in waste cooking oil have the potential as a raw material for producing plasticizer of epoxy oil. The development of renewable plasticizers based on natural materials to replace petroleum plasticizers has become the concern of many researchers due to the issue of depletion of petroleum raw materials, environmental problems, and health issues caused by petroleum plasticizers. This research aims to study the comparison of mechanical properties of vulcanizated rubber using plasticizer of epoxy waste cooking oil to commercial plasticizers (paraffinic oil and epoxy soybean oil). Waste cooking oil containing unsaturated fatty acids was epoxidized by reflux method (60oC for 4 hours) using n-hexane as solvent, glacial acetic acid and IR-120 amberlite resin as catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor. The epoxy cooking oil was characterized for oxirane groups using FTIR spectrophotometer and oxirane number using titration method. Epoxy waste cooking oil, paraffinic oil, and epoxy soybean oil were applied to rubber compounds and tested for mechanical properties of vulcanizatesd rubber using a universal testing machine. The results showed that the FTIR spectra of epoxy waste cooking oil showed the presence of epoxy group stretching vibrations (C-O-C) at a peak of 1240 cm-1 and an oxirane number of 2.24%. The test results of vulcanizates using epoxy waste cooking oil (EUCO) have superior tensile strength, tear strength, and scrape resistance values compared to vulcanizates using paraffinic oil (PO). This shows that epoxy waste cooking oil can replace petroleum-based plasticizers, such as paraffinic oil (PO). The tear strength and scrape resistance of the vulcanizates using EUCO were higher than those using epoxy soybean oil (ESO), although the tensile strength was lower, thus indicating that the synthesized epoxy waste cooking oil can provide quite good performance as a rubber plasticizer, comparable to commercial epoxy oils, such as epoxy soybean oil.Keyword: Commercial plasticizer, Epoxy waste cooking oil, Mechanical properties, Vulcanized rubber.

SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL ASSESSMENT AT URANIUM EVAPORATOR AND DEPOSITION VESSEL IN NON NUCLEAR REACTOR INSTALLATIONS Putra Oktavianto; Anis Noor Kundari; Ade Saputra; Imam Abdurrosyid; Munisatun Sholikhah; Andri Saputra
Urania: Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir Vol. 29 No. 1 (2023): Urania : Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/urania.2023.29.1.6986

The operation of non-reactor nuclear installations that use nuclear material in the process must be ensured safely during the process. One of the assessments of the safety level of the protection system that has been owned by the installation is using the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) which assesses the safety level of the protection system based on the value of the risk reduction factor that the protection system can achieve. The uranium evaporator and deposition vessel at the Experimental Fuel Element Installation (EFEI) is one of the installations that uses nuclear material in the process so it is necessary to assess the SIL of these 2 vessels. The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is used to determine the SIL value and Safety Instrumented System (SIS) component are installed in evaporator and deposition vessel. Maintenance data and OREDA (Offshore Reliability Data) are used to determine the failure rate. After knowing and determining the installed SIS components, then determining the architecture vote of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) based on the P&ID diagram, so that it can be known that the installed SIS uses vote 1oo1, 1oo2, 1oo3, or the appropriate vote. The installed SIF architecture vote will determine the equation used to calculate the Probability Failure on Demand (PFD). The total PFD obtained is adjusted to the SIL table to find out what SIL level the installed protection system is at. The value of the safety level of the protection system with SIL assessment in the evaporator vessel obtained 2 protection systems with SIL values of level 2 all and in the deposition vessel obtained 2 protection systems with SIL values of level 1 and level 2. The SIL value in the evaporator and deposition vessel analyzed has not reached level 3 or 4, so it is necessary to add SIF to the SIS protection system to increase the SIL value until the SIL value is obtained between level 3 or 4 because safety in the operation of non-reactor nuclear installations is absolute.

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