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All Journal IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
Danny Zulkifli Herman
Pusat Sumber Daya Geologi, Jln. Soekarno-Hatta 444 Bandung
Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science

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Tinjauan terhadap tailing mengandung unsur pencemar Arsen (As), Merkuri (Hg), Timbal (Pb), dan Kadmium (Cd) dari sisa pengolahan bijih logam Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (36.685 KB) | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v1i1.6

Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no1.20064aWhen tailing of a mining activity is discharged into either landscape or river body, the pollutan element wastes are possible to disperse within those areas and may cause pollution on environment. The environment pollution hazards of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) probably occurred if tailing with the content of those elements is not handled properly. Particularly in the tropical regions, higher rates of chemical weathering and bio-chemical activity will contribute a rapid mobilization of the most potentially toxic elements.One of adverse health effects from arsenic to human life is in the case of arsenic-contained drinking waters exceed the threshold limit value. As a result, it will create chronic symptoms of toxicity within the human body such as gastro-intestinal irritation, nerve damage and tissue wastage. Tailing originated from amalgamation processing of gold ore enables its mercury waste to disperse in the vicinity of mining area and may form environment pollution by either organic or inorganic mercury. The pollution would be more hazardous to human health if mercury element in the water body transform biochemically into a compound of methylmercury. There is a variety of mechanisms by micro-organism which can bring about the formation of the very toxic methylmercury species, particularly with regard to its uptake by fish. Effects to the human health from the organic mercury include the blood-brain barrier and upsetting the metabolism of the nervous system. Whilst the main toxic effect of inorganic mercury is disruption the functions of kidneys and liver within human body. Most mining activity of base metal may discharge tailing with a significant lead (Pb) content. Lead is a cumulative poison, hence absorbing this element by human body with particularly exceeding its threshold limit value will bind strongly to a large number of molecules such as amino acids, haemoglobin, many enzymes, RNA and DNA. Then it will bring into disruption of many metabolic pathways, blood hypertension, hyperactivity and brain damage. Problems of cadmium could arise from a lead-zinc mining and smelting operation, from where pollution due to cadmium-contained tailing with additional aerial pollution associates with cadmium-contained fumes and particles. The toxic effects of cadmium to human health are suffering from lumbago-type pains, bone damage with multiple fractures of the softened bones and kidney failure.    
Karakteristik mineralisasi epitermal di Daerah Taran, Hulu Kahayan, Kalimantan Tengah berdasarkan studi mikroskopis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan inklusi fluida Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (409.692 KB) | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v1i3.17

Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20064Taran area is occupied predominantly by piroclastic rocks and locally intercalations of lenticular claystones and sandstones. The pyroclastic rocks are intruded by diorite, dacite and andesite, leading alteration and mineralization within the host rocks. Mineralization occurs as a vein type and is associated with a number of pervasive alteration types named respectively: quartz-illite- montmorillonite-kaolinite ± pyrite, quartz-illite ± pyrite, quartz-illite-chlorite ± pyrite and quartz- kaolinite-illite ± pyrite. On the other hand, a propylitic alteration also occurs within the andesite intrusion composed of calcite-epidote-chlorite-sericite-quartz ± pyrite. The mineralization is characterized by several zones of quartz stockwork containing gold and associated ore minerals of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite and argentite. The quartz veins occurs as fi llings of structural openings in the form of milky quartz and amethyst with textures of sugary, comb, and dogteeth. Evaluation work on results of microscopic (petrography and mineragraphy), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and fl uid inclusion studies, and chemical analysis of entirely altered rock/quartz vein samples shows that the alteration and mineralization process were closely related to a change of hydrothermal fl uids, from near neutral into acid conditions at a temperature range of >290o – 100oC. The appearances of quartz variation indicate a relationship with repeated episodes of boiling in an epithermal system, as ground water mixed with hot vapor originated from a remained post-magmatic solution. Corresponding to a salinity of average 1,388 equiv.wt.% NaCl, it indicates that the ore minerals bearing quartz veins were deposited at a depth range of 640 – 1020 m beneath paleosurface.  
Kemungkinan sebaran zirkon pada endapan placer di Pulau Kalimantan Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 2, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (743.941 KB) | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v2i2.31

Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol2no2.20073Most alluvium with valued heavy minerals originated from regions of continental shelf, from which recycle process for stable minerals play an important role in transportation and final concentration formation of the minerals. Kalimantan Island as part of continental shelf has a great opportunity to provide condition or environment for placer deposition with zircon content due to: comprising particularly basement rock of calc-alkali to alkali series (granite, granodiorite, tonalite and monzonite) which were suggested as the main supplier sources of zircon; having a long period of regional stability as main contribution in continuation processes of weathering, transportation and forming deposition environment of alluvium and located within a tropical climate with high humidity from which mechanical and chemical weathering processes play an important role in releasing zircon from its source rocks. Continental placer deposit of fluvial sub-environment category is suggested to have possibility to form deposition zone lying between the mountains and the seas, reaching over wide areas and forming huge volume reservoirs with content of zircon. Based on zircon identification (associated with gold or diamond) of placer pan concentrates at some areas of West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, these have proved how widespread of zircon deposition within fluvial sub-environments in both regions. This important information inspires an opportunity to do exploration of placer zircon deposits within fluvial sub-environments in entirely Kalimantan Island, without neglecting to the transition placer of strandline sub-environment category and marine environment which enable to have an economic deposit of zircon.  
Interpretasi Mineralisasi Epitermal Berdasarkan Studi Ubahan Hidrotermal dan Tekstur Urat Kuarsa di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Taliwang, Nusa Tenggara Barat Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 2, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1154.472 KB) | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v2i3.34

Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol2no3.20072Taliwang conservation forest, West Nusa Tenggara, is particularly covered by volcanic rocks consisting of alternated breccia and tuff. The breccia is composed of andesitic – dioritic clasts and matrix of fine-grained to lapilli tuff which had partially been hidrothermally altered and invaded by gold bearing quartz veins. Outcrops of quartz veins are commonly limonitized, trending nearly east-west and north-south with respectively dip of 70o and 85o. Identification of quartz veins originated from people mining’s waste leads to a prediction that there are quartz stockworks beneath the earth surface (50 – 100 m depth) in the conservation forest area, from which quartz veins penetrated the illite-paragonite-calcite-siderite- nacrite altered country rock. Textures of quartz veins were identified such as comb with some coarse- grained euhedral crystals, sugary/saccharoidal/fine grained crystalline quartz and ghost-bladed. Veins and host rocks generally contain disseminated and spotted pyrites. Evaluation of quartz textures, altered rocks analysis (PIMA method), fluid inclusion studies and chemical analysis (AAS method) of selective altered rocks/quartz vein samples exhibits that the alteration and mineralization processes might occur in an epithermal system, connecting with a change of hydrothermal fluids from near neutral into acid conditions at a temperature ranging from 231 to 185oC. Alteration of illite-paragonite-kalsit-siderite is suggested as a result of reaction between host rock and a near neutral fluid, whilst nacrite (kaolin group) or argillic is a result of reaction between host rock and an acid fluid, within a mixing zone of meteoric fluid and condensed acid gas released during boiling process of hydrothermal fluid in the depth. On the basis of salinity ranging from 0.9 to 2.2 equivalent wt.% NaCl of fluid inclusion, it is predicted that the deposition of gold bearing quartz and associated ore minerals takes place in a depth ranging from 293 to 120 m beneath paleosurface.  
Tinjauan Kemungkinan Sebaran Unsur Tanah Jarang (REE) di Lingkungan Panas Bumi Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 4, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (584.793 KB) | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v4i1.65

Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol4no1.20091Geothermal areas occur mainly in an environment of volcanic/magmatic arc where magma chambers play a role as heat sources. The environment is situated within the convergent plate boundaries. A variety of igneous rocks is associated with this environment ranging from basalt (gabbro) to rhyolite (granite) but andesite is normally the most abundant igneous rock. The most obvious geothermal indications are exhibited by some surface manifestations comprising hot water seepage, fumaroles, hot spring, geyser, and hydrotermal alteration zones which are being evidences of an active hydrothermal system beneath the surface as a part of volcanism. Despite being a causal factor for alteration of country rocks, most hydrothermal fluids enable to change distribution pattern and content of rare earth elements (REE for instance Ce, Eu, La, Lu, Sm, Nd, and Y) particularly during a reaction process. This may have a connection with development of element mobility rates, whilst the characteristics of REE pattern within hydrothermal fluid would have a high variable due to dependency of their original magma source. Considering the important role of hydrothermal fluid in REE mobility development, it is inspired to review the possible relationship of active hydrothermal system and potency of REE distribution pattern in areas of geothermal manifestation.  
Mineralisasi pada batuan induk batugamping di daerah Lepadi, Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 3, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (580.617 KB) | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v3i3.58

Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol3no3.20086Lepadi area situated in the Regency of Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, is occupied by limestone unit comprising limestone and sandy limestones; and sandstones which are occasionally found as lenses within units of tuffaceous sand and tuff breccia. Indication of metallic mineralization is shown by the occurrence of the base metal-bearing quartz veins penetrating a host rock of limestone. A pervasive hydrothermal alteration was formed as chlorite-calcite- muskovite/sericite-quartz and kaolinite/haloysite series with veins consisting of massive quartz veinlets (millimeter to 2.0 cm maximum width) and very thick vuggy quartz veins (± 3.2 m width). The first quartz type contains ore minerals such as galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and iron oxide; whilst the second type has a predominant galena content with an association of, chalcopyrite, covelite, pyrite and iron oxide which occurred as tiny vugs filling and distributed sporadically within the quartz body. The result of studies by using microscope (petrography and mineragraphy), infra-red analysis (PIMA), chemical analysis and fluid inclusion on entirely altered rock/ore mineral/quartz vein samples reveals that the alteration and mineralization processes might occur in a mineralization system involving hydrothermal fluid of near neutral at the temperature ranging from 275º - 200oC. It brings to a suggestion that deposition of quartz veins and associated ore minerals has taken place in a depth ranging from 620 – 150 m beneath paleosurface. It is based on hydrothermal fluid’s salinity ranging from 1.2 – 2.2 equivalent wt.% NaCl de- tected from fluid inclusion within quartz crystal samples.  
MODEL FASIES GUNUNGAPI DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN UBAHAN HIDROTERMAL DAN MINERALISASI DI DAERAH SELOGIRI, KABUPATEN WONOGIRI- JAWA TENGAH Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi Vol 1, No 1 (2006): Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
Publisher : Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1320.018 KB)

Abstract

Secara morfologi daerah Selogiri, Kabupaten Wonogiri-Jawa Tengah dibentuk oleh bentang alarn gunung api, pematang pegunungan, perbukitan bergelombang dan dataran aluviurn; dimana bentang alam gunungapiterdiri atas depresi sirkular gunungapi (circular volcanic depression), kerucut gunungapi ivolcanic COliC) dan kompleks batuan beku (igneous complex).Identifikasi terhadap sekwen perlapisan batuan piroklastik dan lava di wilayah Selogiri menuntun ke arah dugaan bahwa daerah tersebut adalah bagian dari bentang alam gunungapi komposit yang dibentuk olehkegiatan erupsi gunungapi bersifat eksplosif. Diperkirakan bahwa bentuk depresi sirkular gunungapi berasal dari kaldera yang berperan sebagai pusat erupsi gunungapi.Analisis model fasies gunungapi di daerah Selogiri dilakukan melalui pengujian secara regional terhadap perubahan lateral dan vertikal suatu sekwen endapan gunungapi. Mengacu kepada klasifikasi fasies menurutWilliam dan McBirney (1972), teridentifikasi bahwa fasies gunungapi terdiri atas central atau vent, proksimal dan distal. Fasies pertarna berada di lingkungan depresi sirkular gunungapi/kaldera dengan diameter sebaran mencapai 8 km, yang dibentuk oleh endapan breksi gunungapi primer, tuf, lava dan terobosan batuan-batuan beku. Fasies kedua tersebar dalam radius 6 km dari kaldera, dibentuk terutama oleh endapan gunungapi prirner/sekunder berupa breksi dan tuf serta lava andesit. Sementara fasies ketiga dibentuk oleh endapan sedirnen hasil erosi dan pengendapan kembali, berupa tuf dan batugamping klastik; yang tersebar dalam radius > 5 km hingga 15 km dari vent.Ubahan hidrotermal dan pembentukan mineralisasi emas epitermal yang intensif di daerah Selogiri terjadi pada lingkungan depresi sirkular, yang merupakan indikasi dari fasies central/vent. Hal ini memungkinkanterjadi karena fasies tersebut termasuk kedalam bagian pusat kegiatan vulkanisma, magmatisma dan tektonisma: dimana kegiatan penerobosan batuan beku, pembentukan pola rekahan dan kegiatan hidrotermal sangat berperan sebagai pengendali terjadinya ubahan batuan dan mineralisasi.
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