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Pembuatan Biodisel dari Ampas Kelapa dengan Metode Transesterifikasi In-Situ dan Katalis Kalsium Oksida Afriando Ryan Maulana; Tutik Muji Setyoningrum
Eksergi Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v16i1.2526

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine that attracts the world attention. Indonesia is one of the biggest coconut producers in the world. Coconut meat waste is known to still contain up to 24% wt of vegetable oil. The potential of this coconut waste can be used for producing biodiesel that has economical value. This research uses coconut waste as the main raw material. The biodiesel production process is carried out by in-situ transesterification method with methanol as the solvent and reactant; and calcium oxide powder as the catalyst. The catalyst is activated by stirring and heating in methanol. The oil percentage in the coconut waste obtained from soxhletation is 20 % wt. The ratio of methanol to coconut waste of 12.5:1 (v/w) and catalyst to coconut waste of 3.5 % wt results the biodiesel yield of 96.43 % mol. The biodiesel flash point at this variable is 116 °C. This value has met the Badan Standar Nasional (BSN) standard
Potensi Spirulina platensis sebagai sumber kosmetik dan bioplastik (review) Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur; Tutik Muji Setyoningrum; Halim Nur Aziz Suwardi; Bety Alfitamara; Adi Kurniawan; Vinka Azzah Prananda; Dwi Nur Afni; Sheila Alodia; Retno Pamularsih
Eksergi Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v18i2.5660

Abstract

Spirulina plantesis is a cyanobacteria that has many purposes such as for cosmetics, and food industry. In addition, Spirulina platensis can accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a type of bioplastic. This review discussed the potency of Spirulina platensis as a source of bioplastics and cosmetics. From the review, Spirulina contained bioactive compound, C-phycocyanin, which can inhibit cell damage and is very potential to be applied for cosmetics. The PHB content in Spirulina tends to be small compared to other microalgae. To reduce the cost of PHB from Spirulina, the biorefinery concept can be applied, by recovery the bioactive components (C-phycocyanin), while the residue can be used as a source of PHB.
Effect of particle sizes and sodium hydroxide concentrations on silica extraction from minerals obtained in Kalirejo village, Kokap, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta Tutik Muji Setyoningrum; Wibiana Wulan Nandari; Sri Wahyu Murni; Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur
Eksergi Vol 18, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v0i0.4576

Abstract

Silica is mainly used in the production of rubber, glass, cement, glass, ceramics, paper, cosmetics, electronics, paintings, healthcare and other industries. Kalirejo village has a potential abundant resource of silica minerals. However, to refine it, high cost of extraction should be done to obtain high purity of silica. Different refining methods influence different purity of the silica. The purpose of this research was to study the refining process of mineral rock silica from Kalirejo village, Kokap, Kulonprogo by emplying simple and cheap solid-liquid extraction. Extraction was done by varying the particle size at 100 - 200 mesh, while NaOH concentration was varied in 0.5 N to 5 N.  Results showed that minerals taken from Kalirejo village was dominated by silica (23%).  The largest extract (4.89 gram) was obtained at 200 mesh and using NaOH 5 N with yield of 15.07%. Higher NaOH and higher particle size enhanced the extraction yield. This finding could help small communities in Kalirejo village to enhance the quality of silica by employing simple and cheap extraction process.
Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Hasil Pirolisis Ban Bekas Tutik Muji Setyoningrum; Agus Setiawan; Ganang Pamungkas
Eksergi Vol 15, No 2 (2018): Vol. 15 No.2 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v15i2.2387

Abstract

Currently, alternative renewable energy is needed, one of which is RCO (Rubber Compound Oil) oil which is made from waste tires. The making of RCO oil causes problems in the form of carbon waste which, if discharged, will cause environmental impacts. Efforts are needed to deal with kabon waste resulting from used tire pyrolysis, one of which is the creation of activated carbon to increase the economic value of waste. So the purpose of this study is to study the operating conditions in the manufacture of activated carbon from waste produced by used tire pyrolysis. Activated carbon is one of the absorbents that can be used in material purification. This study makes activated carbon using a chemical activation method. KOH was chosen as activating agent and the activation temperature variable was used with temperature variations of 700, 800, and 900 °C with activation times for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. In this study, the best activated carbon was obtained with 900 °C operating conditions for 60 minutes which produced an active carbon surface area of 230 m 2 /g.
Steam Distillation of Essential Oil from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) using Microwave Pretreatment Sri Wahyu Murni, Ir., MT; Tutik Muji Setyoningrum; Gogot Haryono
Eksergi Vol 17, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v17i1.3300

Abstract

Essential oils from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) containing citral are very potential to be used in food and pharmacy industries. The process of isolating essential oils is still constrained by its low yield. In order to increase yield, in this research, isolation of essential oil by steam distillation method was carried out using microwave pretreatment. The results showed that pretreatment using microwave for 2 minutes had the effect of increasing yield up to 1.4 times compared to without pretreatment. The essential oil produced using microwave pretreatment had physical properties (colour, odor, density, and refractive index) similar to those without pretreatment. Composition analysis by GC-MS showed that essential oils extracted using microwave pretreatment and without pretreatment contain geranial (Ecitral or citral-a), neral (Z-citral or citral-b) and mircena as the main components.
Production of briquettes from Indonesia agricultural biomass waste by using pyrolysis process and comparing the characteristics Sri Wahyu Murni; Tutik Muji Setyoningrum; Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur
Eksergi Vol 18, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v0i0.4572

Abstract

Indonesia biomass waste is a potential feedstock as a source of renewable energy since it can be converted into carcoal briquettes. However, the production of the briquettes using pyrolysis process using the agricultural waste was lacking. In this research, briquette was made from palm shells,  corncob and soybean stem wood due to its high availability and have high cellulose content. The purpose of this research was to produce briquettes from three kind of raw materials by employing pyrolysis process and compared the characteristics. The briquette was made from different type of raw materials (palm shells, corncob and soybean stem) and  the concentration of binder : 3-7 %. Pyrolysis was done at  500 °C, and 100 kg / cm2 of pressing pressure. Results showed that, the best charcoal briquette was achieved from palm shells by using 5% binder, which resulted 4,1% moisture content, 3.4% ash content,  15% volatile matter content, 77.5% carbon content,  7075 cal/g calorific value and  1.4 kg/cm2 compresive strength. It is found that the concentration of binder and raw material influenced the quality of the briquettes. In overall, the production of the briquettes by employing pyrolysis method could meet the standard.
KOEFISIEN TRANSFER MASSA PADA PENGAMBILAN MINYAK ATSIRI KAYU MANIS SECARA EKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT N-HEKSAN Tunjung Wahyu Widayati; Tutik Muji Setyoningrum
Eksergi Vol 9, No 1 (2008): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v9i1.7551

Abstract

Pada proses ekstraksi dìiumpai-peristiwa perpindahan (transfer) massa, dimana perbedaan konsentrasi yørg semakin besar berpengaruh terhadap proses transfer yang semakìn cepat, sehíngga diperoleh koefisien transfer massayang semakìn besar pula. Teknologi mínyak atsiri berkembang sangat pesat, sèhíngga díbutuhkan alat ekstraktor yang efìsíen dan efektif dalam pengoperasiannya.Tuiuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari hubungan antara kecepatan alíran dan tinggì tumpukan padatan terhadap koefìsien transfer massa pada ekstraksí padat-caír dalam kolom fixed-bed. Penelitian ini menggunakan serbuk dengan ukuran -/,8 + i0 mesh dari daun dan ranting køyu mønis dengur tinggì tumpukan tertentu yang dimasukan ke dalam kolom fixed-bed menggunakan-Heksan yang d¡alirkan kedalam kolom dengan kecepatan alír tertentu. Ukuran butiran kayu manis yang digunakan adaiah 18+30 mesh.Kecepatan aliran n-Heksana yang digunakan adalah 2,3829 cm/detik; 2,9197 cm/detik; 3,9932 cm/detik; 4,3957cm/detik; 4,798 cm/detik. Tinggi tumpukan padatan yang digunakan adalah 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, I cm, g cm, I0 cm.