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All Journal Current Biochemistry PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Jurnal Ners Jurnal Medika: Medika Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere
Ilham Kurniawan
Department of Biochemistry, IPB University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Efficiency of Melanoidin Based-Waste Degradation with Different Biological Methods Hafizh Zahra; Ilham Kurniawan; Abdurrahman Hakim
Current Biochemistry Vol. 7 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/cb.7.2.2

Abstract

Each processing palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) into Crude Palm Oil (CPO) will produce solid and liquid waste. One of the forms of liquid waste produced is Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME waste can cause problems for the environment because it has physical characteristics of dark brown color, high density, rich in organic matter, and bad smell. The POME waste color is thought to come from melanoidin, a biopolymer pigment produced by the Maillard reaction of coconut processing. Apart from melanoidin, phenolic components are detected in POME waste, where this group of compounds is toxic. Several studies have shown that Lactobacillus plantarum can reduce the color of POME by 75%. The decolorization process is thought to involve an enzyme as a waste color-changing agent. However, the efficiency associated with these events has not been further investigated. There are three main methods of melanoidin degradation, such as biological, physicochemical, and enzymatic. This study uses the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) approach in creating a short, concise, and clear summary through various references.
Review: Gallotannins; Biosynthesis, Structure Activity Relationship, Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity Ilham Kurniawan; Hafizh Zahra
Current Biochemistry Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/cb.8.1.1

Abstract

Tannins are one of the main compounds in plants with potential health benefits. Gallotannin is one of the biologically active tannins groups produced by some medicinal plants. Gallotannins is a hydrolyzable tannin compound biosynthesized through gallic acid, shikimic acid, and pentagalloylglucose pathways. Gallotannins can be separated by cascade solvent extraction procedures, column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. This review focuses on the discussion of biosynthesis and structure-activity relationship of tannins as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity of gallotannins is caused by the molecular bonds between gallotannins and certain other compounds, especially proteins, which make complex compounds, change physiological and morphological processes in bacterial cells or tissues. The biological activities of gallotannin include anti-inflammatory, anticancer or antitumour, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic. This review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method approach in a short, concise, and clear summary about tannins through various references. Keywords: Biological activities, Biosynthesis, Gallotannins
Novel Compounds Design of Acertannin, Hamamelitannin, and Petunidin-3-Glucoside Typical Compounds of African Leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del) as Antibacterial Based on QSAR and Molecular Docking Kurniawan, Ilham; Ambarsari, Laksmi; Kurniatin, Popi Asri; Wahyudi, Setyanto Tri
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v8i2.326

Abstract

Antibacterial secondary metabolites such as tannins and their derivatives are found in the Vernonia amygdalina Del. Antibiotic resistance can develop due to overuse, reducing the efficacy of drugs to prevent and treat infections. This research aims to use the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and the semi-empirical method Austin Model 1 (AM1) to design a modified novel compound from African leaves that has improved antibacterial activity. This research includes a descriptor calculation of QSAR using AM1 MOE on typical compounds from African leaves, and calculation results are chosen based on a multilinear regression statistical analysis. The model equation represents the three primary parameters of QSAR, which are electronic, hydrophobic, and steric parameters, which will be used to measure modified compounds. Molecular docking using Autodock Tools (The Scripps Research Institute, USA), and analysis of results of docking Autodock Tools using Discovery Studio 3.5 Client. The best QSAR model obtained is LogEC50 = (0.829 x LogP) - (1,302 x AM1_HOMO) - (0.339 x AM1_dipole) - (5,128 x mr) + (0.145 x vol) - (11,355). The results showed that EC50 prediction of modified hamamelitannin has the best activity with the lowest ΔGbind -9.0 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 0.249 μM. In summary, the novel compound's design calculation has better antibacterial activity, as indicated by a lower EC50, than fosfomycin or compounds without modification. The modified hamamelitannin compound was found to have better antibacterial activity (prediction EC50 = 0.1933 μM) than the original (experimental EC50 = 145.50 μM).
Waste to Wound Care: Transforming Banana Peels into Burn Cream by the Minasari Farming Community in Jemur Wonosari, Surabaya Kurniawan, Ilham; Sasongko, Purnomo Edi; Maghfiroh, Rahmatun Nisful; Nurhutami, Shofie Rindi; Yusuf, Aulia Islamiati; Hakim, Cindy Aisyah
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 10 No. 12 (2025): PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v10i12.10424

Abstract

The utilization of banana peels as a natural remedy for minor burn wound healing and antimicrobial activity has garnered increasing attention amidst the growing interest in plant-based traditional medicine. This study investigated the bioactive components present in banana peels, including flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, which contribute to wound healing and the prevention of infections. Conducted as a community engagement initiative in Jemur Wonosari Sub-district, Surabaya, the activity was designed to be replicable at the household level using simple tools and locally available materials. The preparation process involved cleaning the peels, heating them with virgin coconut oil, and optionally adding natural honey to enhance antibacterial properties. Findings highlight the potential of banana peels as an effective natural burn ointment with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while also supporting circular economy principles through the utilization of agricultural waste. Further research is needed to standardize formulations and clinically validate the widespread use of ointments based on banana peels.
Unlocking Antibacterial Potential: Thiophene-2-carbaldehyde Modification of Acertannin from African Leaves as MurA Enzyme Inhibitors Ilham Kurniawan; Nabilla Suhasfi Winarno
Jurnal Ners Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): OKTOBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v9i4.49392

Abstract

The global rise of antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for novel inhibitors targeting essential bacterial enzymes such as UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA). This study evaluates the antibacterial potential of three natural polyphenols—Acertannin from African leaves and structurally modified with Thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (TC) to enhance MurA inhibition. A validated QSAR model, incorporating hydrophobic, electronic, and steric descriptors, predicted significantly lower EC₅₀ values for TC-modified compounds, with TC-acertannin showing the highest predicted potency (EC₅₀ = 0.382 µM). Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinity to MurA, with ΔG = −7.8 kcal/mol and Ki = 1.88 µM, involving key interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-anion, and π-sulfur contacts with residues CYS115, ARG120, ASN23, ARG91, LYS22 and GLU188. PASS prediction further indicated enhanced antibacterial activity and membrane-related mechanisms, with TC-Acertannin showing a Pa of 0.923 for membrane integrity agonism. These results highlight TC-modified tannin as promising MurA-targeted antibacterial agents and support the rational design of natural product-based inhibitors to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Molecular Docking of Catechin from Uncaria gambir as a Potential Inhibitor of MurB Enzyme for Antibacterial Drug Development: Original/Research Article Ilham Kurniawan
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v3i2.319

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa highlights the need for novel antibacterial agents targeting essential enzymes such as MurB, a key enzyme in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of catechin against MurB (PDB ID: 7ORZ) using molecular docking. Docking validation was performed through redocking of the co-crystallized ligand, yielding an RMSD of 0.962 Å, confirming the reliability of the method. Catechin exhibited a stronger binding affinity (−7.9 kcal/mol) compared to the reference ligand (−5.2 kcal/mol), with a significantly lower inhibition constant (Ki = 1.63 µM vs. 153 µM), indicating approximately 100-fold higher inhibitory potential. Interaction analysis revealed that catechin forms multiple hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic contacts with key catalytic residues, including Arg166, Ser239, and Glu335. These interactions suggest that catechin effectively occupies the active site and may interfere with the NADPH-dependent catalytic mechanism of MurB. In conclusion, catechin demonstrates promising potential as a MurB inhibitor and may serve as a lead compound for the development of antibacterial agents against P. aeruginosa. Further experimental validation is required to confirm its biological activity.
Gallocatechin from Uncaria gambir Roxb as a MurB Inhibitor: A Molecular Docking Analysis and Its Therapeutic Implications: Research Article Ilham Kurniawan
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v3i3.322

Abstract

The rapid escalation of antimicrobial resistance demands new antibacterial strategies targeting essential and druggable bacterial enzymes. Here, we report the molecular characterization of gallocatechin, a polyphenolic compound from Uncaria gambir, as a potential inhibitor of MurB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDB ID: 7ORZ), a key enzyme in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Docking protocol validation via redocking of the co-crystallized ligand yielded high structural accuracy (RMSD = 0.991 Å). Gallocatechin exhibited a markedly enhanced binding affinity (−8.1 kcal/mol) relative to the reference ligand (−5.3 kcal/mol), corresponding to an approximately 100-fold lower predicted inhibition constant (Ki ≈ 1.09 µM vs 131 µM). Structural analysis revealed that gallocatechin establishes a dense and multi-modal interaction network, simultaneously engaging the catalytic triad (Arg166, Ser239, Glu335) through hydrogen bonding and complementary electrostatic interactions. Notably, this tri-residue engagement and dual electrostatic stabilization are rarely observed in previously reported MurB inhibitors. The binding mode supports a dual inhibitory mechanism involving both competitive substrate displacement and perturbation of the NADPH-dependent catalytic cycle. Collectively, these findings position gallocatechin as a structurally distinct and mechanistically promising scaffold for MurB inhibition, providing a rational basis for the development of next-generation antibacterial agents targeting multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm its therapeutic potential.
Food Rescue Program: Reducing Urban Household Food Waste and Strengthening Community Food Security Kurniawan, Ilham; Rohmatika, Aulia Umi; Ramadhani, Fairuz Haniyah; Rohmah, Khoirista Noor
Jurnal Medika: Medika in progres
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/kqq9n185

Abstract

Urban areas face the dual challenges of food waste and household food insecurity. This community service activity aimed to reduce food waste and strengthen food security among low-income urban communities through a food rescue program implemented in KP Gembong RT 10, Surabaya, Indonesia. The activity involved three main stages: sorting of food items to ensure edibility and safety, packaging according to household needs, and direct distribution to beneficiaries. A total of 30 beneficiary families (household heads) received over 100 food packages containing dry food, beverages, snacks, powdered milk, and bakery products. Surplus food that remains fit for consumption is identified and diverted before becoming waste through a structured redistribution mechanism. The results indicate that this program effectively channels such food to vulnerable urban households, thereby reducing short-term household food expenditure and decreasing organic waste generation. The community-based approach enabled targeted and adaptive distribution, strengthening social solidarity between volunteers and residents. In conclusion, food rescue programs serve as a viable social intervention to bridge food surplus and deficit at the community level, contributing simultaneously to food security and environmental sustainability. However, structural food insecurity requires complementary long-term strategies.
Co-Authors Abdurrahman Hakim Hafizh Zahra Hafizh Zahra Hakim, Cindy Aisyah LAKSMI AMBARSARI Maghfiroh, Rahmatun Nisful Nabilla Suhasfi Winarno Nurhutami, Shofie Rindi Purnomo Edi Sasongko Ramadhani, Fairuz Haniyah Rohmah, Khoirista Noor Rohmatika, Aulia Umi Setyanto Tri Wahyudi Yusuf, Aulia Islamiati