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All Journal Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka
Meta Rivani
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Engineering

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Oil Palm Based Cellulose Esters as Raw Material for Environmentally Friendly Bio-plastic Tjahjono Herawan; Meta Rivani; Halimatudahliana Halimatudahliana; Suryo Irawan
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 34, No 1 (2018): Majalah Kulit, Karet dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (194.208 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v34i1.3634

Abstract

Besides producing oil, oil palm is also produces huge amount of biomass such as empty fruit bunch.  Both of those products had a potential to be used as a source of plastic raw materials called bio-plastics. Long-chain fatty acid source can be obtained from crude palm oil (palmitic acid and oleic acid) and palm kernel oil (lauric acid) while cellulose can be obtained from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste (OPEFB). Cellulose was produced from OPEFB by alkaline process on pilot plant scale. The yield of α-cellulose obtained as much as 32-38% of the OPEFB processed. The cellulose ester was synthesized by esterification reaction between cellulose of OPEFB and modified fatty acid from palm oil in a mild condition. Conversion of cellulose ester produced reached 92.7% with percent increase weight reach 460%, Degree Substitution (DS)  2.21 and melting point 201 oC. The tensile strength of the cellulose ester film was lower than tensile strength of petroleum-based plastics (Low Density Poly Ethylene/LDPE), which averaged 73 kg/cm2 versus 108 kg/cm2, so it was necessary to add additives to increase tensile strength and elasticity properties.
Pengembangan Komposit Berbahan Dasar Glycerin Pitch untuk Pembuatan BioPlafon Ramah Lingkungan Fadlin Qisthi Nasution; M. Ansori Nasution; Meta Rivani; Mhd. Erlangga Habibi Nasution; Rivaldy Yustianto Pasaribu; Arjanggi Nasution; M. Anshari
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka Vol 10 (2025): Proceeding of TEKNOKA National Seminar - 10
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta

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Abstract

The development and mechanical performance of sand–fly ash composites utilizing glycerin pitch, a biodiesel residue, as a bio-based binder were investigated. Experimental variables included glycerin pitch concentration (10–25% v/v), sand-to-fly ash ratio (35:65–65:35), curing temperature (190–350°C), and curing time (4–24 h). The optimal flexural strength of 1.82 MPa was obtained with 15% v/v glycerin pitch, a 42:58 sand-to-fly ash ratio,  and curing at 190°C for 24 hours. Binder concentrations exceeding 15% or curing temperatures above 250°C resulted in disintegration or carbonization, indicating binder degradation. The produced composite demonstrated adequate strength and stability for non-load-bearing applications, including sustainable ceiling panels and interior partitions. These results demonstrate the potential of glycerin pitch as a renewable binder for transforming industrial residues into eco-efficient building materials and advancing circular economy practices in construction.
Co-Authors Arjanggi Nasution Fadlin Qisthi Nasution Halimatudahliana Halimatudahliana M. Anshari M. Ansori Nasution Mhd. Erlangga Habibi Nasution Rivaldy Yustianto Pasaribu Suryo Irawan Tjahjono Herawan