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All Journal Buletin Peternakan Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi agriTECH Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Jurnal Biologi Tropis Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Hari Purwanto
Entomology Laboratory, Faculty Of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara Depok 55281 Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary Other

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Tingkat Serangan Grayak Spodoptera litura Pada Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens) Dengan Pemberian Bakteri Lysinibacillus sphaericus Cahyamurti, Riza Afifah; Purwanto, Hari
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 23, No 2, Tahun 2021
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.23.2.149-158

Abstract

Indonesia is the fourth largest chili producer in the world. In 2017, chili (Capsicum frutescens) was ranked fifth as the largest seasonal vegetable commodity products. The productivity of chili cultivation in Indonesia is hampered by pests and diseases. One of the most common pests that attack chili plants is the armyworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Lysinibacillus sphaericus bacteria have the potential as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as well as a bio control agent. This study aims to obtain L. sphaericus isolates that can increase the growth of chili and to determine the effect of L. sphaericus isolates which have the potential for PGPR on the growth of the armyworm feeding on the chili plants. The research method used is experimental research conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology and Sawitsari Research Station, Universitas Gadjah Mada. This study used three replicate by inoculating one millilitre per plant. The results obtained from testing the 105 isolates in the collection of the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada showed that the isolates that can increase the growth of chili plant indicated with its plant height, were isolates A42, A49, A19, A5, and A38. While the results of plant with the highest number of leaves showed the isolates A49, A42, A19, A38, and A28 were the best among the isolates tested. Some L. sphaericus isolates could increase plant growth compared to the control, but not statistically significant. These bacteria by inoculating one mililitre to plant could not be used as a bio control agent in  S. litura because they did not have a significant different in leaf damage to the control.
Uji Kinerja Teknologi Kontrol Tepat Guna untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Produksi Sutera Alam Lilik Sutiarso; Atris Suyantohadi; Hari Purwanto; Radi Radi
agriTECH Vol 26, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1765.684 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.9484

Abstract

The world demand of raw-silk provides a great opportunity to the development of raw-silk production in Yogyakarta. Recently, only 21% of the overall world demand of raw-silk is fulfilled, whereas Indonesia contributes only 0.1% per year. The main problem is the lack of quality of raw-silk. The optimum growth of silkworm depends on micro environments, i.e. temperature, humidity, aeration, and light intensity. The research aimed at designing an automated “on/off” control technology in the silkworm rearing environmental monitoring in the farming system, while the expected result was high-grade quality of cocoon. In the research, two different conditions of silkworm growing environments were compared, i.e. controlled environment (in the rearing box) and uncontrolled environment. The result indicated that there was increase in  the quality of cocoon. Test of cocoons in laboratory showed that the average thickness of cocoons in controlled rearing environment and in rearing environment was 0.033 cm and 0.029 cm, respectively. The percentage of cocoons in controlled rearing environment was higher than cocoons in normal environment.
Desain Sistem Kontrol Ruang Pertumbuhan Ulat Sutera untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Produksi Sutera Alam Lilik Sutiarso; Atris Suyantohadi; Hari Purwanto
agriTECH Vol 24, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3294.513 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.13385

Abstract

The world demand of raw-silk provides a great opportunity to the development of raw-silk production in Yogyakarta. Recently, only 21% out of the overall world demand of raw-silk is fulfilled, whereas Indonesia contributes only 0.1% per year. The main problem is the lack of quality of raw-silk. The optimum growth of silkworm depends on micro environments, i. e. temperature, humidity, aeration, and light intensity. The research was aimed, to apply an automated -"on/or control technology in the silkworm rearing environmental monitoring. The result expected is high-grade quality of cocoon. In the research, two different conditions of silkworm growing environments were compared: controlled environment (in the rearing box) and normal environment. Then, from third instar (silkworm's growth stage) to cocoon's stage (final stage or fifth instar), temperature and air humidly were set on 24°C - 26°C and 70% - 80% 'respectively. While, Aeration and light intensity were ranged 0.1 - 0.3 m/s and 15 - 30 lux for all instar stages (constant) respectively. The result indicated that there was an increasing the percentage of cocoon skin's grade in the controlled rearing environment (19.66%), compared to the result of normal rearing environment (18.56%), also there was significantly different result on the thickness of the cocoon produced
Molecular Phylogeny of Stingless Bees in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Revealed Using Partial 16S rRNA Mitochondrial Gene Manap Trianto; Hari Purwanto
Buletin Peternakan Vol 44, No 4 (2020): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 44 (4) NOVEMBER 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v44i4.55539

Abstract

Systematics of bees has developed rapidly. Several studies have attempted to infer the kinship between each group of bee. One way is the use of phylogenetic analysis using molecular data. This study explains the phylogenetic relationship of stingless bees in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on the 16S rRNA gene. The research has been carried out in five districts and cities in the region from June to September 2019. In the study, the stages implemented include; place determination of stingless bees sampling, sampling, and molecular identification (DNA extraction, DNA amplification, and sequencing), followed by the data analysis using NCBI database and MEGA X software. The result of this study indicated that among seven morphospecies from Yogyakarta, there are six species of stingless bees that have a closest genetic relationship with the same species data from Genbank, namely Tetragonula laeviceps, T. iridipennis, T. sapiens, T. sarawakensis, Lepidotrigona terminata, and Heterotrigona itama. Since the genetic distances of T. laeviceps, T. iridipennis, T. sapiens, are wider than 3,5%, the data indicate that there is a possibility that the three morphospecies are actually belong to a different species with a similar morphology. Meanwhile, for the morphospecies T. biroi, the closest hit is on T. pagdeni 16S rRNA DNA because the T. biroi 16S rRNA DNA data is not available on the database. This study is expected to contribute to the preservation and utilization of one of Indonesia's important biodiversity resources.
Controlling Culex Quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Several Lysinibacillus Sphaericus Isolates Endogenic to Indonesia Ika Indayati; Hari Purwanto
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 21 No. 1 (2021): Januari - April
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2566

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases include tropical diseases such as malaria, filariasis, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and cerebral fever are still major health problems in Indonesia and on a global scale. Various methods have been used to overcome this, including controlling vector mosquitoes using the entomopathogenic microbial Lysinibacillus sphaericus. This study aims to identify bacterial isolates collected based on the 16S rRNA gene and to carry out the pathogenicity test of the bacterial isolates collected on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Bacterial isolates used in this study were collected from root soil, bird droppings and guano. The identification of the type of bacteria was carried out based on the 16S rRNA gene fragment. Based on the results of the 16S RNA sequence analysis of isolates 229C, 6B4, 6.2 and 4D21, it was found that the four isolates were included in the L. sphaericus species with similarity scores ranging from 97% to 100%. The pathogenicity of bacteria was measured based on the mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae to know whether it has pathogenicity equal to or higher than strain 1593. The pathogenicity test results of 6 isolates 15.4, 229C, 1593, 6B4, 6.2 and 4D21 showed that isolate 15.4 has the highest larval mortality rate, so it is potentially used as a biological agent to control disease vector mosquitoes.
Morphology, morphometrics, and molecular characteristics of Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Nuraini Nuraini; Hari Purwanto
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 21 No. 2 (2021): Mei - Agustus
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2614

Abstract

Systematics of honey bees has developed rapidly. Several studies have attempted to infer the kinship between each group of honey bees.  One approach is the use identification and phylogenetic analysis using combination of morphology, morphometric, and molecular characteristics data. There are three species of honey bees found in the Central Sulawesi, namely Apis dorsata, A. cerana and A. nigrocincta. The last two species mentioned have similar biological properties, so they present some difficulties to identify especially with morphological characters only. The results showed that the two Apis bee species analyzed in this study, had similar morphological features compared to specimens of the same species from the other regions, whereas the morphometry of the two had variations in size compared to the same species that have been reported in other regions. The variations in the size or morphometric character of worker bees, both those with a larger or smaller size, possibly being a form of morphological adaptation to different environmental conditions. The CO1 and 16S Mitochondrial DNA sequencesof A. cerana and A. nigrocincta from this studywere similarto thesequences of the same species in the GeneBank’s database. This study provide preliminary data contributing to the preservation and utilization of one of Indonesia’s important biodiversity resources.
Draft Genome of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Isolate 229C Pathogenic to Vector Mosquitoes Afiannisa Viersanova; Hari Purwanto
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 21 No. 2 (2021): Mei - Agustus
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2802

Abstract

Lysinibacillus sphaericus is widely known as a bioinsecticide agent because it shows entomopathogenic activity against vector mosquitoes, especially of Culex and Anopheles spp. This bacterium known to have variations in toxicity. Its binary toxins, which is known to have a high toxicity, has a very low genetic variation, so that resistance problems has been reported. Therefore, exploration continues to be carried out to find a new effective and potential toxin to deal with the resistance problems. This study aims to analyze the genome of isolate 229C L. sphaericus, to identify the species of isolate 229C based on the 16S rRNA gene, and to identify toxin characteristics of the 229C isolate based on the results of genome sequence analysis. The 229C isolate was previously obtained from soil sample in Indonesia and showed a high pathogenicity against C. quenquefasciatus. Molecular identification was carried out with the 16S rRNA gene analysis. While draft genome and toxin analysis performed by conducting whole genome sequencing using Illumina Hiseq 2000, 250 bp pair-end protocol. The sequenced data then analized using freely available bioinformatics tools.The results of the molecular identification showed that the closest related species of isolate 229C was L. sphaericus. The isolate 229C has a genome size of 4.65 Mbp and G+C content of 36.83%. Toxin analysis showed that this isolate did not contain Mosquitocidal toxin (Etx/Mtx), binary toxin (Bin protein), crystal toxin (Cry48/Cry49 protein), nor Sphaericolysin genes. However, there are s-layer protein and hemolysin genes that also known to be associated with the toxicity of L. sphaericus to mosquitoes and possibly, are the answer to the problem of resistance to binary toxins. This result opens the opportunity for an analysis of the effectiveness of S-layer protein and Hemolysin against resistance population mosquitoes.
Effectivity of Spodoptera littoralis Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and Natural Additives Mixtures against Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cabbage Plants Sukirno Sukirno; Bellia Alda Ayu Prasetya; Aryo Seto Pandu; Siti Sumarmi; Hari Purwanto; Ignatius Sudaryadi; Suparmin Suparmin; RC Hidayat Soesilohadi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.71134

Abstract

Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) is one of the agricultural pests that can cause huge losses especially for Indonesian farmers because it is damaging various crops, especially cabbage (Brassica oleifera L.). Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) is one of the biological agent which is effective for the management of the Spodoptera litura. However, because of UV radiation it easily degraded when applied in the fields. This study was aimed to determine the effectivity of several indigenous plants for UV protectant of SpliMNPV for controlling armyworm at greenhouse scale. Extracts of 2% (w/v) of turmeric rhizome, red betel leaf, moringa leaf, and clove flower, were formulated with SpliMNPV and sprayed evenly onto two-month- old cabbages. The experiment used five replicates with six periods of sunlight exposures (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15 days). A commercial product of deltamethrin was used as a comparison. The sprayed leaves were then used as a bioassay by using 25 individuals of one day old 1st larval instar by five replicates. The results showed that the turmeric additive was the most effective as a UV protectant and effectively prolonged the half-life of SpliMNPV to 4.12 days, while for clove, moringa leaf, and red betel was 2.48, 2.15, and 2.28 days, respectively.
Synergism of Turmeric, Moringa, Clove, and Red Betel Extracts with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berl. against Taro Caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at the Laboratory Scale Sukirno; Fiola Siregar; Aryo Seto Pandu Wiranto; Suparmin Suparmin; Siti Sumarmi; Hari Purwanto; Ignatius Sudaryadi; R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi; Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 13 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v13i3.4718

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis is known as a bioinsecticide for controlling taro caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. in cabbage plants. However, Bt. is easily degraded by ultraviolet (UV), so it needs UV protectant. This research aimed to study the synergism of extract of turmeric, moringa, cloves, and red betel as UV protectants for Bt. and to measure the Bt. half lifes. As much as 25 (w/v) of turmeric, moringa, cloves, and red betel extracts was used to make Bt. suspension. The Bt. suspension then was exposed to sunlight for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days then it was tested againts 25 individuals of 1st larval instar of taro caterpillar and each treatment was using three replicates. Pathogenicity of each formulation was observed by calculating larval mortality up to the 7th day after treatment. The results showed that the highest larval mortality was found in the Bt. formulation added extracts at 0-day exposure. Mortality data for each Bt. treatment. showed a decrease from the treatment of 0 to 28-day exposures. After 28 days of exposure, Bt. without extract addition had a pathogenicity of 15.2%, whereas Bt. with clove extract had pathogenicity about 56.4%, which is higher than those on turmeric, moringa, and red betel. The first half life of Bt. added with clove was 32.3 days, while the second half life was 50.7 days. Based on this research, it can be concluded that clove has synergism affect when applied with Bt.
Co-Authors Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood Afiannisa Viersanova Aryo Seto Pandu Aryo Seto Pandu Wiranto Atris Suyantohadi Atris Suyantohadi Bellia Alda Ayu Prasetya Cahyamurti, Riza Afifah Fiola Siregar Ignatius Sudaryadi Ignatius Sudaryadi Ika Indayati Lilik Sutiarso Lilik Sutiarso Manap Trianto Nuraini Nuraini R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi Radi Radi Siti Sumarmi Siti Sumarmi Sukirno Sukirno Sukirno Suparmin Suparmin Suparmin Suparmin