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All Journal JURNAL HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management
Heny Istiqomah
Unknown Affiliation
Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science

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PERAN INTERNASIONAL CONTACT GROUP DALAM MEDIASI KONFLIK ANTARA PEMERINTAH FILIPINA DAN MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT TAHUN 2009 – 2012 Istiqomah, Heny
DIKSHI (DISKUSI ILMIAH KOMUNITAS HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL) Vol 1 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Program Studi Hubungan Internasional FISIP Universitas Udayana

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Abstract

ABSTRACK The Philippines government has had a prolonged conflict with armed groups in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. One of the most influential groups in Mindanao is the MILF which was established in 1984 by Salamat Hasim. Peace process has been done ??since 1996 but always failed and finally succeeded by the signing of the framework of final peace agreement in 2012 between Philippines government and MILF. The successful agreement reached after negotiation involving third party that is the ICG as a mediator, held. ICG was formed in 2009 consists of United Kingdom, Turkey, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Muhammadiyah, Conciliation Resources, Humanitarian Dialogue Centre, and The Asia Foundation. Therefore, this study aims to describe what roles is ICG played in the conflict mediation between the Philippines government and the MILF in 2009 – 2012. The research shows that ICG has involved in facilitative mediation as explorer, reassure, unifier, convener, facilitator, envisioner, enhancer, guarantor, and legitimizer. This study shows that conflict resolution involving mediation group whose members consists of different backgrounds, match with the conflicts based on ethnicity, culture and religion. Keywords: peace process, facilitative mediation
Optimizing the Capital Structure of Coal Companies in Indonesia Towards the Implementation of Government Regulation No. 36 of 2023 concerning Foreign Exchange Proceeds from Exports Istiqomah, Heny; Gunarta, I Ketut
Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Vol. 4 No. 11 (2025): Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jrssem.v4i11.892

Abstract

This study examines the impact of Government Regulation No. 36 of 2023 on the financial structure of PT X, a coal mining company in Indonesia, and explores how the company can optimize its capital structure to adapt to the new regulation requiring exporters to deposit 30% of their export proceeds into a special account for a minimum of three months. The research uses a quantitative approach with financial modeling, supported by qualitative interviews with PT X’s finance team and management. The study aims to analyze the company's financial condition before and after the implementation of the regulation, focusing on sales, costs, and liquidity. It also utilizes linear programming optimization with Microsoft Excel's Solver to minimize capital costs and maximize company value. The results indicate a significant shift in PT X's capital structure, with increased debt in 2023 due to the need for short-term financing to comply with the new regulation. The optimization model helps reduce the company’s reliance on debt and improves its financial ratios, such as current ratio and debt-to-equity ratio. This study provides practical insights for stakeholders in managing financial decisions under regulatory constraints and contributes to the broader understanding of capital structure optimization in the mining sector.
Co-Authors I Ketut Gunarta