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All Journal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksemi
Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Pengaruh Menopause Terhadap Kardiovaskular Guadelupe Maria Melisa Wiriadinata; Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksemi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1556

Abstract

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months without any underlying pathological cause. This occurs due to ovarian follicular atresia, which leads to the cessation of estrogen production. The menopausal transition begins 5 to 10 years before menstruation ceases. During menopause, estrogen levels decline, leading to biological changes in the body, such as an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B, as well as a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), an increase in visceral fat, and the development of metabolic syndrome. Various characteristics of menopause have been evaluated in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including age at menopause onset, type and stage of menopause, endogenous estradiol levels, and menopause-related symptoms. These factors have been found to be associated with CVD risk, with the highest risk occurring in women with ovarian failure and relatively early menopause. Women with early menopause (aged 40–44 years) have a hazard ratio of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.38–1.73) for coronary artery disease events compared to women with menopause at age 50–54 years. Women with premature ovarian failure tend to have a shorter life expectancy compared to those who experience late menopause, primarily due to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase and Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles: A Narrative Review I Gusti Ayu Avinya Chintya Devi; Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksemi; Putu Ayu Asri Damayanti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.2054

Abstract

Malaria remains a major global public health problem, with approximately 282 million cases reported in 2024. Although vector control interventions such as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have significantly reduced malaria transmission, their effectiveness is increasingly compromised by pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes. This review examines the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes in mediating pyrethroid resistance. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2016 and 2026 using the keywords “Cytochrome P450,” “P450 monooxygenase,” “Insecticide Resistance,” “metabolic resistance,” “Pyrethroid,” “Anopheles,” and “malaria vector.” Of 10,854 articles identified, 142 were screened, and six relevant studies were included, focusing on resistance mechanisms, P450 characteristics, gene regulation, and vector control implications. The findings indicate that overexpression of specific P450 genes significantly enhances the detoxification of pyrethroids, thereby reducing insecticide susceptibility. Furthermore, interactions between metabolic resistance and target-site mutations contribute to elevated resistance levels. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate detoxification pathways and contribute to adaptive resistance. In conclusion, insecticide resistance in Anopheles is a multifactorial process involving genetic, biochemical, and regulatory mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective and sustainable vector control strategies.
The Potential of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza as An Adjuvant Therapy for Malaria: A Narrative Review Ni Kadek Rita Rosadi; Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksemi; I Made Sudarmaja
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2467

Abstract

Malaria continues to be a major global health issue, associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The primary treatment is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), however ts effectiveness is being threatened by resistance associated with mutations in the kelch13 (K13) gene. Furthermore, an excessive inflammatory response also plays a role in malaria pathogenesis, making immunomodulation-based therapeutic approaches an important strategy. This study aims to evaluate the potential and mecahnism of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric or temulawak) as an antiplasmodial agent and adjuvant therapy. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the potential of Curcuma xanthorrhiza as an adjuvant therapy for malaria. Literature was collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2025 using keywords related to malaria, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, artemisinin resistance, oxidative stress, and immunomodulation. A total of 268 records were identified through the database search. After duplicate removal and eligibility screening, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this narrative review.  Selected studies included experimental research, reviews, and preclinical investigations relevant to the pharmacological activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza in malaria management. Evidence indicates that bioactive compounds such as xanthorrhizol, curcuminoids, and terpenoids exhibit moderate antiplasmodial activity and significantly regulate inflammatory pathways through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, antioxidant activity contributes to reducing oxidative tissue damage associated with malaria pathogenesis. Although its direct antiparasitic potency remains inferior to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), Curcuma xanthorrhiza demonstrates promising potential as a host-directed adjunctive therapy capable of enhancing immune homeostasis and mitigating malaria-associated complications. However, current evidence is predominantly limited to in vitro and animal studies.
Co-Authors Guadelupe Maria Melisa Wiriadinata I Gusti Ayu Avinya Chintya Devi I Made Sudarmaja Ni Kadek Rita Rosadi Putu Ayu Asri Damayanti