Eko Purnomo
Department Of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine, Public Health, And Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

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Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Eko Purnomo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (557.349 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202002

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease caused bysevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has been causing many people around the world affected. There is no approved treatment for COVID-19. Meanwhile, vaccine development still needs a long time before it becomes available to protect people from contracting COVID-19. Repurposing the available drugs is one of the fastest ways to get COVID-19 treatment. Studies have been conducted to discover for COVID-19 treatment that results in the finding of potential medication for COVID-19. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are some of the available medication that shows potential for COVID-19 treatment. Preclinical study showed that the both drugs are active against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. A pilot clinical study also showed their efficacy in COVID-19 treatment. Many clinical trials are now being conducted to prove their safety and efficacy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, until now there are not enough data to support the use of these drugs in COVID-19 management. Under the pressure to treat COVID-19 patients with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, clinicians shouldnot use these drugs for COVID-19 without considering the available information regarding theiruse for COVID-19. This review summarized the evidence regarding the potential of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 management.
BMPR2 Editing in Fibroblast NIH3T3 using CRISPR/Cas9 Affecting BMPR2 mRNA Expression and Proliferation Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Eko Purnomo; Widya Wasityastuti; Ronny Martien; Nur Arfian; Tety Hartatik
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i1.1724

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor II (BMPR2) deficiency is associated with the pathologic development of pulmonary vascular changes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Fibroblast is the most abundant cell in vascular. However, there is only a little information regarding the effect of BMPR2 deficiency in fibroblast. This study aims to understand the effect of BMPR2 deficiency in fibroblasts.METHODS: This study applied the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to edit BMPPR2 in NIH-3T3 cells. The transfection of CRISPR/Cas9 for BMPR2 editing into NIH-3T3 cells was done by using chitosan nanoparticles. The evaluation of BMPR2 and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β mRNA expression was done using Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The assessment of edited NIH-3T3 cells proliferation was done using a scratch test assay.RESULTS: The BMPR2 mRNA expression of CRISPR/Cas9-edited group was lower than the untreated group. The proliferation of the CRISPR/Cas9-edited group was higher than the untreated group. The TGF-β mRNA expression of CRISPR/Cas9-edited and untreated groups was similar.CONCLUSION: BMPR2 deficiency in fibroblast increase the fibroblast ability to proliferate.KEYWORDS: BMPR2, PAH, fibroblast NIH-3T3, CRISPR/Cas9, proliferation