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The Existence of The Jinayat Law in Indonesian Community [Eksistensi Hukum Jinayat dalam Masyarakat Nusantara] Muhammad Yusuf
Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum Vol 10, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Department, Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/legitimasi.v10i1.10516

Abstract

Abstract: The struggle over the supremacy of Islamic law in the Indonesian archipelago began during the Dutch colonial period when the Dutch began to harass the community's laws to strengthen their grip on controlling the archipelago. Initially, Dutch legal scientists were still clear in seeing the truth that Islamic law in the Muslim community of the archipelago had a higher position than customary law so that the receptie in complex theory was born, but this did not last long because other Dutch legal scientists changed this theory with the receptie theory which puts law Islam is lower than customary law. This was done for the political interests of the Dutch power. After Indonesia's independence, Indonesian legal scientists began to realign the position of Islamic law and place it in its actual position, so that the receptie exit theory emerged which was pioneered by Hazairin, the theory of receptio a contrario by Sayuti Thalib, and the theory of existence by Ichtijanto. These three theories have the same goal, namely trying to place the position of Islamic law which is recognized for its existence in Indonesia. However, these theories do not fully apply in Indonesia because the jinayat (Islamic criminal) law has never received recognition as an enforceable law in Indonesia, but still uses the Dutch Criminal Code (KUHP). So, in this study, we want to see the extent of the existence of Islamic law in Indonesia and why jinayat law is very difficult to implement in Indonesia, where the majority of the population is Muslim. This study uses qualitative methods and library research (library research). The results of the study show that the existence of Islamic law in Indonesia is only in the civil field, while in the criminal field it is still using the KUHP inherited from the Netherlands, then the obstacles to the implementation of jinayat law are more on the culture of the people who are not fully following Islam and political constraints. Abstrak: Pergulatan tentang supremasi hukum Islam dalam masyarakat nusantara dimulai pada masa penjajahan Belanda, ketika Belanda mulai mengusik hukum masyarakat demi memperkuat cengkeramannya untuk menguasai bumi nusantara ini. Awalnya ilmuan hukum Belanda masih jernih dalam melihat kebenaran bahwa hukum Islam dalam masyarakat muslim nusantara lebih tinggi kedudukannya dari pada hukum adat sehingga lahir teori receptie in complexu, namun hal ini tidak berlaku lama karena ilmuan hukum Belanda lainnya merubah teori ini dengan teori receptie yang menempatkan hukum Islam lebih rendah dari hukum adat. Hal ini dilakukan untuk kepentingan politik kekuasaan Belanda. Setelah Indonesia merdeka, ilmuan hukum Indonesia mulai meluruskan kembali kedudukan hukum Islam dan menempatkannya pada kedudukan yang sebenarnya, sehingga muncul teori receptie exit yang dipelopori oleh Hazairin, teori receptio a contrario oleh Sayuti Thalib dan teori eksistensi oleh Ichtijanto. Ketiga teori ini mempunyai tujuan yang sama yaitu berusaha menempatkan kedudukan hukum Islam yang diakui eksistensinya di Indonesia. Namun tidak sepenuhnya teori-teori tersebut berlaku di Indonesia karena hukum jinayat (pidana Islam) tidak pernah mendapat pengakuan sebagai hukum yang dapat dilaksanakan di Indonesia, melainkan tetap masih menggunakan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) peninggalan Belanda. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini ingin melihat sejauh mana eksistensi hukum Islam di Indonesia dan mengapa hukum jinayat sukar sekali dilaksanakan di Indonesia yang mayoritas penduduknya adalah umat Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi hukum Islam di Indonesia hanya dalam bidang perdata, sementara dalam bidang pidana masih menggunakan KUHP peninggalan Belanda, kemudian kendala pelaksanaan hukum jinayat lebih kepada budaya masyarakat yang belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Islam dan kendala politik.
The Qanun Hukum Jinayah in the frame of Law-Making Theory [Qanun Hukum Jinayah dalam Bingkai Teori Pembuatan Hukum] Muhammad Yusuf
Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum Vol 10, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Islamic Criminal Law Department, Faculty of Sharia and Law, UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/legitimasi.v10i2.11343

Abstract

Abstract: The establishment of such a legal rule as qanun must follow the national regulation as well as the theories of law formation developed by legal experts. The legislation process of The Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) has been formally taken, but the next question raises what process has been undertaken to make the qanun will be effective in society. This study wants to look at the QHJ from the procedures for legal drafting, theories of law formation, and their relation to legal effectiveness, especially regarding the principles of the qanun, the legal language used, and the types of crimes regulated in it. The purpose of this writing is to look the principles applied in the QHJ, the clarity of the language used, and what types of crimes are regulated in the qanun. This library research is qualitative. The results of the study indicate that in terms of the language used, it has met the requirements as described in the theory of law formation and met the requirements for the formation of laws as mandated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10/2004 and Qanun 3/2007. Abstrak: Pembentukan sebuah aturan hukum seperti qanun tentunya harus mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada. Pembentukan qanun di Aceh dapat berpedoman pada Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia serta teori-teori pembentukan hukum yang dikembangkan oleh para ahli hukum. Proses pembuatan Qanun Hukum Jinayat sudah dilakukan namun bagaimana proses pembuatan qanun agar qanun tersebut berlaku efektif dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini ingin melihat Qanun Hukum Jinayah dari tata cara penyusunan peraturan, teori-teori pembentukan hukum dan kaitannya dengan efektivitas hukum, terutama tentang asas-asas qanun, bahasa hukum yang digunakan, dan jenis-jenis kejahatan yang diatur di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat asas-asas qanun hukum jinayah, kejelasan bahasa yang digunakan dan jenis-jenis kejahatan apa saja yang diatur dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayah. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan tergolong ke dalam jenis penelitian pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi bahasa yang digunakan sudah memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam teori pembentukan hukum dan sudah memenuhi syarat-syarat pembentukan hukum seperti yang diamanahkan dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tantang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Cara Pembentukan Qanun.
STATE AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC LAW Muhammad Yusuf
Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial Vol 12, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/dusturiyah.v12i1.12878

Abstract

For every Muslim, carrying out all the teachings of Islam in his life is an obligation. Among the aspects contained in Islamic teachings, one of which is related to law which has several parts. Among these sections there are certain parts of the law that cannot be implemented by the Muslim community without the involvement of the authorities, especially in this study is part of the jinayah law. However, in the application of the law of jinayah, there are many polemics in society, especially among non-Muslims because the law of jinayah is considered severe and what is regulated in the law of jinayah has different perspectives/judgments among them. This is one of the considerations that the government finds it difficult to accept the proposal for the implementation of the law of jinayah in Indonesian society. This study tries to see how the relationship between law and the state and how the obligations of the ruler in the implementation of Islamic law in Muslim society. This study aims to see the extent of the obligations of Muslim rulers in implementing Islamic law for their people or citizens and to also see the special character of the law of jinayah related to its implementation. The method used in this research is qualitative with a normative juridical approach.
Penerapan dan Tantangan Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Aceh Firdaus M Yunus; Azwarfajri Azwarfajri; Muhammad Yusuf
Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi) Vol 17, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sociology Department Of Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jsu.v17i1.32865

Abstract

This research discusses the application and challenges of Islamic law (sharia) in Aceh, particularly the lack of socialization and limited participation of the community in filling the open corners of Islamic law implementation. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method. The obtained results indicate that the programs for the implementation of sharia have not been well integrated into the education curriculum and social order of the community. Despite having a strong legal foundation through legislation, thorough preparation and effective management are required to achieve successful implementation. Islamic law is considered as divine regulations that encompass all aspects of the lives of Muslims. In this research, the theory of religious sociology is utilized to analyze the formalization of the application and implementation of Islamic law in Aceh and its impact on the community. The religious sociology approach provides a deeper understanding of the formalization process and its implications for the Acehnese society.AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas penerapan dan tantangan syariat Islam di Aceh, terutama kurangnya  sosialisasi dan keterbatasan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengisi sudut-sudut terbuka pelaksanaan syariat Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif  kualitatif.  Adapun hasil yang diperoleh, bahwa program-program penerapan syariat belum terintegrasi dengan baik dalam kurikulum pendidikan dan tatanan sosial masyarakat. Meskipun undang-undang telah memberikan dasar hukum yang kuat, persiapan yang matang dan pengelolaan yang baik diperlukan untuk mencapai implementasi yang efektif. Syariat Islam dianggap sebagai peraturan ilahiah yang mencakup semua aspek kehidupan umat Islam. Dalam penelitian ini, teori sosiologi agama digunakan untuk menganalisis formalisasi penerapan dan pelaksanaan syariat Islam di Aceh dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat. Pendekatan sosiologi agama memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang proses formalisasi dan implikasinya bagi masyarakat Aceh.
INITIATIVE OF CANING PUNISHMENT FOR PERPETRATORS OF WILDLIFE KILLING IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA Muhammad Yusuf; Muhammad Habibi MZ; Dedy Sumardi
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 25, No. 1, April 2023: Legal Developments in National and Global Context
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/kanun.v25i1.35229

Abstract

The initiative to include 'uqubat ta'zir whips as a punishment for those who commit animal killing, as stated in Qanun Aceh Number 11 of 2019 concerning Wildlife Management, has been rejected due to its reference to Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Natural Resources Conservation. This initiative holds significance in terms of the conceptual understanding and application of caning as a criminal sanction in Indonesia. Through doctrinal methods, this study has determined that caning for perpetrators of animal killing falls under 'uqubat ta'zir, where the form, type, and severity of punishment are determined by the ruler based on philosophical, juridical, and sociological considerations. The implementation of caning for those who commit animal killing is deemed appropriate, as the regulations in Indonesia are founded upon values deeply rooted in the community. Therefore, it is fitting to carry out this punishment, similar to other offenses regulated in the Aceh Qanun Jinayat.