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Produksi bio-oil dan bio-arang dari mata kayu industri pulp melalui pirolisis [Production of bio-oil and bio-char from knot in pulp mill through pyrolysis] Syamsudin Syamsudin
Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Kementerian Perindustrian

Acacia mangium knotis one of the biomass reject produced from the wood chemical pulping processes. This raw material is suitable for the production of bio-oil and bio-char in competitive costs. Utilization of the knot for the production of bio-oil and bio-char makes pulp mill as a bio-refining system with many profitable products because of increased income from bio-oil and bio-char and reduced costs for solid waste disposal. This study aims to evaluate the pyrolysis of knots from the kraft pulp mill to produce bio-oil and bio-char. Pyrolysis experiments of Acacia mangium knotwere carried out using laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactors at 400oC for 30 minutes. Acacia mangium knot contains volatile matterof 69.90% (dried basis) with a calorific value of 4279 kcal/kg (dried basis) has potency to produce bio-oil through the pyrolysis process. The TG-DTG analysis with heating rate of 10oC/min showed the pyrolysis reaction at temperature of 200oC-750oC resulting in a mass decreasing from 90% to 30% or around 85% of total conversion. The yield of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis was about 47%. Bio-oil contains high various organic compounds and dominated by acetic acid (21%) and 2-propanone (28%), and produced bio-char with a calorific value of 5763 kcal/kg (dried basis). Bio-char products could be used as a solid fuel in the combustion process or gasification process.

Non-Isothermal Pyrolysis Kinetic Studies of Kraft Pulp Mill Sludge and Its Blending with Coal Powder Syamsudin Syamsudin; Tobias Richards; Herri Susanto; Subagjo Subagjo
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 9, No 01 (2019): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Non-isothermal pyrolysis of kraft pulp mill sludge and coal has been investigated. Blending sludge with coal resulted time increase to complete the pyrolysis. This phenomenon indicated that volatile matter in coal was more difficult to be degraded. Sludge pyrolysis at 10, 15, and 20°C/min remained residual mass fraction of 64.6% w/w, 62.4% w/w, and 64.4% w/w, respectively. Coal addition into sludge had reduced char yield. Char yield decreasing was due to lower content of coal ash compared to sludge ash. Sludge lost most of its mass at 200C-500°C, reached its peak at 280°C, and became slower at >500°C. Wide range of coal degradation temperature indicated that coal may contain components having a wide range temperature degradation, such as lignin. Based on the curve of mass loss rate of reaction, there were three peaks which indicates three reaction mechanisms of sludge-coal pyrolysis. All peaks followed the mechanism of first order reaction. First peak was likely to occur due to decomposition of hemicellulose and other highly volatile components. Second and third were associate with cellulose and lignin, respectively. The high thermal stability properties lead to a slow degradation of lignin, and its mass loss occurred in the a very wide of temperature range (160-900°C). Studi Kinetika Pirolisis Non-Isotermal Lumpur Industri Pulp Kraft dan Campurannya dengan Serbuk BatubaraPirolisis non-isotermal lumpur industri pulp kraft dan campurannya dengan serbuk batubara telah diselidiki. Pencampuran lumpur dengan batubara menghasilkan peningkatan waktu untuk menyelesaikan pirolisis. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa zat volatil dalam batubara lebih sulit terdegradasi. Pirolisis lumpur pada 10, 15, dan 20°C/menit menghasilkan fraksi massa residu masing-masing 64,6% b/b, 62,4% b/b, dan 64,4% b/b. Penambahan batubara ke dalam lumpur mengurangi hasil arang. Penurunan hasil arang disebabkan oleh kandungan abu batubara yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan abu lumpur. Lumpur kehilangan sebagian besar massanya antara 200°C dan 500°C, dan mencapai puncaknya pada 280°C. Kehilangan massa melambat pada suhu >500°C. Rentang suhu yang lebar pada degradasi batubara menunjukkan bahwa batubara mengandung komponen yang memiliki suhu degradasi luas, seperti lignin. Berdasarkan kurva laju kehilangan massa, terdapat tiga puncak reaksi yang menunjukkan tiga mekanisme reaksi pirolisis lumpur-batubara. Semua puncak tersebut mengikuti mekanisme reaksi orde pertama. Puncak pertama kemungkinan terjadi karena dekomposisi hemiselulosa, dan komponen-komponen lain yang sangat mudah menguap. Puncak kedua dan ketiga masing-masing berhubungan dengan selulosa dan lignin. Sifat stabilitas termal yang tinggi menyebabkan degradasi lignin yang lambat, dan kehilangan massa terjadi dalam kisaran suhu yang sangat luas (160-900°C).

Produksi Bahan Bakar Minyak dari Pirolisis Pelet Hydropulper Reject Industri Kertas Syamsudin Syamsudin; Ibrahim Syaharuddin; Andri Taufick Rizaluddin; Reza Bastari Imran Wattimena
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 10, No 02 (2020): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25269/jsel.v10i02.306

Konsumsi kertas bekas di industri kertas Indonesia mencapai 6.598.464 ton/tahun dan menghasilkan hydropulper reject sebesar 5-10% dari kertas bekas yang digunakan. Penelitian pirolisis hydropulper reject dari industri kertas untuk produksi bio-oil telah dilakukan. Tipikal limbah hydropulper reject terdiri dari 20% serat dan 80% plastik (High Density Polyethylene, HDPE >90%). Bahan padat tersebut berpotensi dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar minyak melalui proses pirolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pirolisis pelet hydropulper reject untuk produksi bio-oil sebagai bahan bakar minyak. Setelah dipisahkan dari logam, hydropulper reject dikeringkan, dicacah, dan dibentuk menjadi pelet berdiameter 10 mm dan panjang 20-30 mm. Nilai kalor pelet hydropulper reject mencapai 29,30 MJ/kg (dried based, db) dengan kadar zat terbang 84,84% (db). Pelet hydropulper reject dipirolisis dengan reaktor kombinasi pembakaran-pirolisis. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa bio-oil mampu bakar sebanyak ±40% bahan baku dengan nilai kalor 77,79 MJ/kg. Perkiraan listrik yang dapat dihasilkan dari pemanfaatan syngas sebesar 1,08 kWh/kg hydropulper reject.Kata kunci: hydropulper reject, pirolisis, bio-oil, syngas, listrikProduction of Oil Fuel From Pyrolysis of Hydropulper Reject Pellet from Paper IndustryAbstract Waste paper consumption in Indonesian paper industries reached 6,598,464 tons/year and produced hydropulper reject about 5-10% of waste paper. Pyrolysis of hydropulper reject from the paper industry for bio-oil production has been investigated. Hydropulper reject consists of 20% fiber and 80% plastic (High Density Polyethylene, HDPE>90%). This solid material has potential to be converted into oil fuel through pyrolysis. This study aims to investigate the pyrolysis of hydropulper reject pellets for bio-oil as fuel oil production. After being separated from the metals, hydropulper reject was dried, shredded, and shaped into pellets with 10 mm diameter and 20-30 mm length. The pellets had calorific value of 29.30 MJ/kg (dried based, db) with volatile matter 84.84% (db). The pellets were pyrolized with a combustion-pyrolysis combination reactor. The product was combustible bio-oil as much as ±40% of feedstock and had calorific value of 77.79 MJ/kg. Estimated electricity generated from syngas utilization about 1.08 kWh/kg. Keywords: hydropulper reject, pyrolysis, bio-oil, syngas, electricity

Studi Kasus Proyek Co-Benefit Peningkatan Efisiensi Boiler Batubara di Industri Kertas Syamsudin Syamsudin; Katsushige Takami; Shoji Kita; Yusup Setiawan; Reza Bastari Imran Wattimena; Andri Taufick Rizaluddin
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 10, No 01 (2020): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25269/jsel.v10i01.296

Pertumbuhan industri yang pesat menyebabkan masalah emisi gas rumah kaca. Kegiatan co-benefit peningkatan efisiensi boiler batubara telah dilakukan di industri kertas dalam proyek “Co-benefit Indonesia Tahun 2018” dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Jepang dengan tujuan melakukan identifikasi langkah-langkah yang terkait dengan konservasi energi dan penurunan polutan emisi boiler industri berbahan bakar batubara dan cara melakukannya. Identifikasi meliputi analisis efisiensi termal boiler, pengukuran kadar air batubara, pengukuran kualitas air umpan boiler, air blowdown, dan kondensat, pemeriksaan insulasi panas, pengaturan rasio udara pembakaran, dan pengendalian operasi multi boiler. Berbagai kehilangan panas dianalisis dan beberapa rekomendasi diberikan untuk implementasi di pabrik sehingga efisiensi boiler dapat ditingkatkan. Beberapa masalah yang perlu diperbaiki untuk konservasi energi meliputi penggunaan batubara dengan kadar air tinggi, rasio udara pembakaran tinggi, konduktivitas air umpan tinggi menyebabkan rasio blowdown tinggi, tidak dilakukan insulasi pada mesin produksi yang relatif tua, dan pengoperasian beberapa boiler dengan efisiensi rendah. Potensi perbaikan melalui penyesuaian kadar air batubara, perbaikan rasio udara pembakaran, optimalisasi rasio blowdown, pemulihan air kondensat, pemasangan insulasi, dan kontrol multi boiler secara teori menghasilkan reduksi konsumsi batubara 16.445 ton/tahun atau 48,63%, dan reduksi CO2 sebesar 19.589 tCO2/tahun dengan estimasi penghematan biaya Rp 12 milyar/tahun. Kata kunci: co-benefit, industri kertas, boiler, batubara, emisi.Case Study of Co-Benefit Project Improvement of Coal Boiler Efficiency in The Paper IndustryABSTRACT Industrial rapid growth has caused greenhouse gas emissions problems. Co-benefit activities to improve the efficiency of coal boilers have been carried out in paper industry in the project of “Co-benefit Indonesia FY 2018” from the Japan Ministry of Environment aimed at identifying required steps to save energy and reduction of pollutant emission from the coal-fired industrial boilers and how to achieve it. Identification include analysis of boiler thermal efficiency, coal moisture content measurement, boiler feed water, blowdown water and condensate quality measurement, heat insulation examination, combustion air ratio management, and control of multiple boiler operations. Various heat losses have been analyzed and some recommendations have been proposed to be implemented by factory management to improve boiler efficiency. There are several issues that need to be addressed for energy conservation, namely: high water content coal utilization, high combustion air ratio, high conductivity feed water which causes high blowdown ratios, no insulation on relatively old production machines, and operational of several low efficiency boilers. The results of the co-benefit identification indicated that the potential for corrective action by adjusting the coal water content, improving the combustion air ratio, optimizing the blowdown ratio, recovering condensate water, installing insulation, and controlling multiple boilers theoretically can result coal consumption reduction of 16,445 tons/year or 48.63%, and CO2 reduction of 19,589 tCO2/year with an estimated cost savings of Rp 12 billion/year.

TINJAUAN PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE CAKE PABRIK PULP KRAFT SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF MELALUI PROSES GASIFIKASI Syamsudin Syamsudin
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 5, No 01 (2015): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Kraft pulp mills generate large amounts of sludge cake with typical calorific value of 24 MJ/kg (dry and ash-free basis). Sludge cake could be utilized as an alternative energy through gasification to produce medium gaseous fuel. Sludge cake has a high moisture content and low dewaterability, probably due to biomass from the microbial growth in the wastewater treatment by activated sludge. These problems could be overcome by the addition of filtration aid utilizing biomass waste from pulp mill and dewatering processes by TAMD method. Drying was continued by utilizing hot flue gas from the boiler or lime kiln. Steam gasification of sludge cake by allothermal model could produce a gaseous fuel with a calorific value of 11 MJ/Nm3. Allothermal gasification model of two reactors was able for handling sludge cake with a moisture content of <55%, but produce gas with a high tar content.Gasification or combustion of sludge cake on this model should be performed at temperatures >1200°C to prevent slagging and fouling problem. In contrast, allothermal gasification model of three reactors could produce gas with a low tar content. Heat of gasification reaction might be supplied from thecombustion of volatile gas. Pyrolysis could be performed at temperatures <500oC to permit adequateheat supply for gasification and high char yield. Substitution of natural gas with producer gas need topay attention to the redesign of the combustion process associated with the lower heat of combustion.Keywords: sludge cake, dewatering, gasification, steam, CO2, medium gaseous fuelABSTRAK Pabrik pulp kraft menghasilkan sludge cake dalam jumlah besar dengan nilai kalor tipikal 20 MJ/kg (dasar kering dan bebas abu). Sludge cake dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui gasifikasi untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar gas medium. Sludge cake memiliki kadar air tinggi dan dewaterability rendah, disebabkan adanya biomassa hasil pertumbuhan mikroba pengolahan air limbahsecara lumpur aktif. Kendala ini diatasi dengan penambahan media bantu filtrasi memanfaatkan limbah biomassa pabrik pulp dan proses dewatering dengan metode TAMD. Pengeringan dilanjutkan dengan memanfaatkan gas panas dari boiler atau lime kiln. Proses gasifikasi-kukus allothermal terhadap sludge cake dapat menghasilkan gas bakar dengan nilai kalor 11 MJ/Nm3. Gasifikasi allothermal model dua reaktor mampu menangani sludge cake dengan kadar air <55%, namun menghasilkan gas dengan kadar tar yang tinggi. Gasifikasi atau pembakaran sludge cake pada model ini sebaiknya dilakukan pada suhu di bawah 1200oC untuk menghindari terjadinya slagging dan fouling. Sebaliknya, gasifikasi allothermal model tiga reaktor dapat menghasilkan gas dengan kadar tar rendah. Panas reaksi gasifikasi mungkin dapat dipenuhi dari pembakaran gas volatil hasil pirolisis. Pirolisis dapat dilakukan pada suhu <500ºC dengan mempertimbangkan kecukupan suplai panas gasifikasi dan yield arang tinggi. Penggantian gas bumi dengan gas produser perlu memperhatikan redesign proses pembakaran terkait dengan panas pembakaran yang lebih rendah.Kata kunci: sludge cake, dewatering, gasifikasi, kukus, CO2, bahan bakar gas kalor medium

PEMANFAATAN CAMPURAN LIMBAH PADAT DENGAN LINDI HITAM DARI INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BIOBRIKET Syamsudin Syamsudin; Sri Purwati; Ike Rostika
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 42, No 02 (2007): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Utilization of solid waste and black liquor mixture from pulp and paper mills has been investigated. Sludge A comes from pulp and paper mill with non wood raw materials has heat value 2712 cal/g and ash content 29.8%; Sludge B from paper mill with wastepaper raw material and deinking process has heat value 2331 cal/g and ash content 25.9%; black liquors from pulp mill with soda process has 5579 cal/g and ash content 12.1%. The sludges which has already ground and homogeneous was mixed with strong black liquors and densified to form biobriquette. At the composition 0 – 40 % of black liquor, heat value increase to 3711 and 3513 cal/g for sludge A and B respectively.Black liquor can increase burning efficiency due to the decreasing of ash content, but increasing heavy metal contents such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and Na. At the composition 30 – 40 % of black liquor, the pressing force biobriquette increase from 19 - 26 kg to 50 - 54 kg. This means that the pressing force of biobriquette greater than coal (37 kg).INTISARIPemanfaatan campuran limbah padat indusri pulp dan kertas dengan lindi hitam sebagai bahan biobriket telah diteliti. Lumpur A berasal dari pabrik pulp dan kertas terpadu dengan bahan baku non kayu mempunyai nilai panas 2712 kal/g dan kadar abu 29,8%; lumpur B dari pabrik kertas dengan bahan baku kertas bekas dan proses deinking mempunyai nilai panas 2331 kal/g dan kadar abu 25,9%; dan lindi hitam dari larutan pekat sisa pemasakan pulp proses soda mempunyai nilai panas 5579 kal/g dan kadar abu 12,1%. Lumpur yang sudah halus dan homogen dicampur dengan lindi hitam pekat dan dicetak menjadi biobriket. Pada variasi lindi hitam 0 – 40% nilai panas meningkat menjadi 3711 dan 3513 kal/g, masing-masing untuk lumpur A dan lumpur B. Penambahan lindi hitam menurunkan kadar abu sehingga memberi pengaruh positif terhadap efisiensi pembakaran tetapi menaikkan kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cr, dan Na. Pada penambahan lindi hitam 30 – 40% kuat tekan biobriket meningkat dari 19 – 26 kg menjadi 50 – 54 kg. Hal ini berarti kuat tekan biobriket lebih besar dibandingkan dengan batu bara yang memiliki kuat tekan 37 kg.

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