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Potency To Recycle Hydrapulper Reject Waste Of Paper Mill Into Composite Particleboard Andri Taufick Rizaluddin; Yusup Setiawan
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21771/jrtppi.2019.v10.no1.p1-11

Solid waste of paper mill hydrapulper reject (HR) has a relatively high plastic content, with around 45-49% composition of the total HR. About 99% of the plastic has the catagory of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE is a type of Polyethylene (PE) plastic which has high recyclability and may be reformed at high temperature. This study tries to discribe the potential of producing particleboards derived from HR using a hot-press method. Molded HR was being hot-pressed at a presssure of 25 kgf/cm2for 5 – 15 minutes of residence time, with a variation of of the amount of HR from 150-500 gram, and variations in hot-press temperature of 150-180°C. The resulting product is then analyzed for parameters of moisture content, density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and internal bond compared to SNI 03-2105-2006 and JIS A 5908-2003. The results showed that most of the samples were relatively accepted to the SNI. The best results are obtained at HR weight of 250 gram with 165 and 180°C pressing temperature, and pressing time more than 10 minutes. The addition of HDPE pellets shows an increment of density and decrement of moisture content of particleboard, while the addition of MA shows some decrements of moisture content and water absoption of particleboard.

Studi Kasus Proyek Co-Benefit Peningkatan Efisiensi Boiler Batubara di Industri Kertas Syamsudin Syamsudin; Katsushige Takami; Shoji Kita; Yusup Setiawan; Reza Bastari Imran Wattimena; Andri Taufick Rizaluddin
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 10, No 01 (2020): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25269/jsel.v10i01.296

Pertumbuhan industri yang pesat menyebabkan masalah emisi gas rumah kaca. Kegiatan co-benefit peningkatan efisiensi boiler batubara telah dilakukan di industri kertas dalam proyek “Co-benefit Indonesia Tahun 2018” dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Jepang dengan tujuan melakukan identifikasi langkah-langkah yang terkait dengan konservasi energi dan penurunan polutan emisi boiler industri berbahan bakar batubara dan cara melakukannya. Identifikasi meliputi analisis efisiensi termal boiler, pengukuran kadar air batubara, pengukuran kualitas air umpan boiler, air blowdown, dan kondensat, pemeriksaan insulasi panas, pengaturan rasio udara pembakaran, dan pengendalian operasi multi boiler. Berbagai kehilangan panas dianalisis dan beberapa rekomendasi diberikan untuk implementasi di pabrik sehingga efisiensi boiler dapat ditingkatkan. Beberapa masalah yang perlu diperbaiki untuk konservasi energi meliputi penggunaan batubara dengan kadar air tinggi, rasio udara pembakaran tinggi, konduktivitas air umpan tinggi menyebabkan rasio blowdown tinggi, tidak dilakukan insulasi pada mesin produksi yang relatif tua, dan pengoperasian beberapa boiler dengan efisiensi rendah. Potensi perbaikan melalui penyesuaian kadar air batubara, perbaikan rasio udara pembakaran, optimalisasi rasio blowdown, pemulihan air kondensat, pemasangan insulasi, dan kontrol multi boiler secara teori menghasilkan reduksi konsumsi batubara 16.445 ton/tahun atau 48,63%, dan reduksi CO2 sebesar 19.589 tCO2/tahun dengan estimasi penghematan biaya Rp 12 milyar/tahun. Kata kunci: co-benefit, industri kertas, boiler, batubara, emisi.Case Study of Co-Benefit Project Improvement of Coal Boiler Efficiency in The Paper IndustryABSTRACT Industrial rapid growth has caused greenhouse gas emissions problems. Co-benefit activities to improve the efficiency of coal boilers have been carried out in paper industry in the project of “Co-benefit Indonesia FY 2018” from the Japan Ministry of Environment aimed at identifying required steps to save energy and reduction of pollutant emission from the coal-fired industrial boilers and how to achieve it. Identification include analysis of boiler thermal efficiency, coal moisture content measurement, boiler feed water, blowdown water and condensate quality measurement, heat insulation examination, combustion air ratio management, and control of multiple boiler operations. Various heat losses have been analyzed and some recommendations have been proposed to be implemented by factory management to improve boiler efficiency. There are several issues that need to be addressed for energy conservation, namely: high water content coal utilization, high combustion air ratio, high conductivity feed water which causes high blowdown ratios, no insulation on relatively old production machines, and operational of several low efficiency boilers. The results of the co-benefit identification indicated that the potential for corrective action by adjusting the coal water content, improving the combustion air ratio, optimizing the blowdown ratio, recovering condensate water, installing insulation, and controlling multiple boilers theoretically can result coal consumption reduction of 16,445 tons/year or 48.63%, and CO2 reduction of 19,589 tCO2/year with an estimated cost savings of Rp 12 billion/year.

PEMBENTUKAN LUMPUR GRANUL DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH PEMUTIHAN PULP DENGAN REAKTOR UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Kristaufan Joko Pramono; Rina Susilowati Soetopo
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (460.854 KB)

UASB reactor is not used yet by pulp and paper industries in Indonesia in treating their wastewater caused by granular sludge must be imported and needs high skill in the operation. To anticipate the more stringent of effluent standard and implementation of Adsorbale Organic halide (AOX) as a key parameter, UASB reactor has a good prospect to be used in treating of pulp and paper wastewater.In the beginning of experiment, UASB reactor was operated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and OLR of 0.10 – 0.23 kgCOD/m3.day for 141 days. UASB reactor was then operated with the HRT of 19 hrs and OLR of 0.80 – 3.25 kgCOD/m3.day for 287 days. Since day 288th, UASB reactor was operated in the HRT of 12 hrs and OLR of 1.92 – 5.0 kgCOD/m3.day.In this condition, micronutrient solution in the amount of 1 mL/L was added into feed wastewater of UASB reactor to accelerate the growth of granular sludge. Concentration of parameters such as COD, BOD, TSS, pH, and Adsobable Organic Halides (AOX) were analyzed. Sludge characteristic was tested and observed by Light Optical Microscope Leica DMLM and S4E and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Philips FEI Quanta 200. Settling rate of granular sludge was also measured.The result showed that on the HRT of 12 hrs and the OLR of 1.92 – 5.0 kgCOD/m3.day with the up-flow velocity of 0,16 m/hr, treatment system by UASB reactor could reduce COD of 34.23 – 90.28% (average of 67.41%) and AOX of 59.65 – 70.12% (average of 67.93%). The addition of micronutrient solution in the amount of 1 mL/L had significant effect to the growth of microorganism and the granular sludge formation. The formed granular sludge had black-brownies color, VSS/SS ratio of 0.72, diameter up to 2 mm, specific gravity (sg) of 1.12, and high settling rate of 54.6 m/hr. Bacterial population content of the granular sludge consist of filament bacteria (Methanotric sp.) with the diameter of 1 – 2.94 µm and coccus bacteria (Methanosarcina) with the diameter of 2 - 29 µm. This is very useful and has a role in the sludge granulation and the reduction of organic compounds. INTISARI Sampai saat ini industri pulp dan kertas di Indonesia belum ada yang menggunakan reaktor UASB dalam pengolahan air limbahnya, karena lumpur granul masih harus diimpor dan diperlukan ketrampilan tinggi dalam mengoperasikannya. Untuk mengantisipasi baku mutu buangan air limbah yang semakin ketat dan penerapan Adsorbable Organic Halide (AOX) sebagai parameter kunci, reaktor UASB mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk digunakan dalam pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas.Pada permulaan percobaan reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 3 hari dengan beban organik sekitar 0,10 – 0,23 kgCOD/m3.hari selama 141 hari. Setelah itu reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 19 jam dan beban organik antara 0,80 – 3,25 kgCOD/m3.hari sampai hari 287. Sejak hari 288, reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 12 jam dan beban organik antara 1,92 – 5,0 kgCOD/m3.hari. Pada kondisi tersebut ke dalam umpan reaktor UASB ditambahkan larutan mikronutrisi untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan lumpur granul sebanyak 1 mL/L. Kadar parameter COD, BOD, TSS, pH, dan Adsobable Organic Halides (AOX) influen dan effluen dianalisa. Karakteristik lumpur diamati dan diuji menggunakan Light Optical Microscope Leica DMLM dan S4E dan Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) Philips FEI Quanta 200. Kecepatan pengendapan lumpur granul juga diukur.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada waktu tinggal 12 jam dan beban organik antara 1,92 – 5,0 kgCOD/m3.hari dengan up-flow velocity = 0,16 m/jam, sistem pengolahan dengan reaktor UASB dapat mereduksi COD = 34,23% – 90,28% (rata-rata = 67,41%) dan AOX = 59,65% – 70,12% (rata-rata = 67,93%). Penambahan larutan mikronutrisi sebanyak 1 mL/L mempunyai pengaruh signifikan dalam pertumbuhan mikrorganisme dan pembentukan lumpur granul. Lumpur granul yang terbentuk berwarna hitam kecoklatan, memiliki VSS/SS = 0,72, dengan diameter mencapai 2 mm, dengan nilai specific gravity (sg) 1,12 dan memiliki kecepatan pengendapan tinggi mencapai 54,6 m/jam. Populasi bakteri pada lumpur granul diantaranya terkomposisi dari bakteri filament (Methanotric sp.) berdiameter antara 1 – 2,94 µm dan coccus (Methanosarcina) berdiameter antara 2 - 29 µm yang sangat berperan pada granulasi lumpur dan reduksi senyawa organik.

PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL Rina S. Soetopo; Sri Purwati; Yusup Setiawan; Susi Sugesty
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 2, No 02 (2012): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Investigation on utilization of sludge waste from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of pulp and paper mill for bioethanol feedstock in a batch system at laboratory scale has been carried out. Experiments were conducted in three phases, namely the hydrolysis process; the fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the simultaneous saccharification-fermentation experiments. Ethanol concentration produced was tested by the HPLC method. Results show that t primary sludge from paper mills made from virgin pulp (sludge A) and primary sludge from pulp and paper made from raw wood (sludge B) at a 2% total solids having potential as raw material for bioethanol. The optimum conditions of the hydrolysis process of sludge A and sludge B is obtained from the sludge solids content of 6%, with the addition of cellulase of 9 FPU/g cellulose and beta-glucosidase of 6.7 IU/FPU for the incubation time of 48 hours producing the reducing sugar content of 31.3% and 36.2% with the hydrolysis efficiency of 64% and 71% respectively. On the SSF process conditions at pH of 4.5, temperature of 28oC for 96 hours, the sludge substrate A can produce ethanol with the concentration of 3.45% and the process efficiency of 72.5% and the sludge substrate B can produce ethanol with the concentration of 2.89% and the process efficiency of 60.8%.Keywords: bioethanol, cellulase, hydrolysis, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sludge ABSTRAK Penelitian pemanfaatan sludge Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) industri pulp dan kertas untuk bahan baku bioetanol dengan sistem batch pada skala laboratorium telah dilakukan. Percobaan dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan yaitu proses hidrolisis dengan enzim; proses fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan proses sakarifikasi-fermentasi serentak (SFS) pada satu reaktor. Kadar etanol yang dihasilkan diuji dengan metode HPLC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dari 4 jenis sludge yang diteliti, sludge primer dari pabrik kertas berbahan baku virgin pulp (sludge A) dan dari pabrik pulp dan kertas berbahan baku kayu (sludge B) berpotensi sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Kondisi optimum percobaan proses hidrolisis sludge A dan sludge B diperoleh dari perlakuan dengan kadar padatan 6%, dosis selulase 9 FPU/g selulosa; dosis beta glukosidase 6,7 IU/FPU dengan lama inkubasi 48 jam, masing-masing menghasilkan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 31,3% dan 36,2% dengan efisiensi hidrolisis 64% dan 71%. Pada percobaan SFS dengan kondisi proses pH 4,5 pada suhu 28oC selama 96 jam, substrat sludge A dapat menghasilkan etanol sebesar 3,45% dengan efisiensi proses 72,5% dan substrat sludge B dapat menghasilkan etanol sebesar 2,89% dengan efisiensi proses 60,8%.Kata kunci: bioetanol, selulase, hidrolisis, fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sludge

PELET PUPUK ORGANIK DARI RESIDU DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LIMBAH LUMPUR PABRIK KERTAS (Organic Fertilizer Pellet from Anaerobic Digestion Residue of Paper Mill Sludge Waste) Rina Susilowati Soetopo; Sri Purwati; Yusup Setiawan; Mukharomah Nur Aini; Aep Surahman; Prima Besty Asthary
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 6, No 01 (2016): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

The study of the organic fertilizer pellet from anaerobic digestion residue of paper mill sludge has been conducted. Study was divided into: characterization of biological sludge, anaerobic digestion process to obtain a precipitate residual sludge, organic fertilizer pellets production, and economic analysis. Pilot scale anaerobic digestion process is done in a paper industry at pH of 5.5 to 6.0, alkalinity of 2000-2500 mg/L and a residence time of 4 days with feed solids content of 0.6%. Stages of organic fertilizer pellets production were dewatering, drying and pellets formation. Pellets were made with a mixture of rice husk ash additive powder of 5-10%. The results showed that the residual sludge from anaerobic digestion process had a solid content (TS) from 2.0 to 4.5%. The process of dewatering of residue sludge and the drying process can increase the levels of solids each up to 26-29% and 80%. Pellets that was produced meets the requirements as organic fertilizer or soil conditioner according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 7847: 2012 that is intended for industrial timber estates (HTI). Based on material balance calculations for industrial scale, biological sludge digestion capacity of 200 tonnes a day with a TS content of 1%, resulting in digestion sludge residue as much as 24 tonnes/ day with a TS content of 3% .From the sludge residue can be made fertilizer pellets with TS of 80.5% as much as 710 kg/day. Economic analysis results indicate that the Pay Back Period was 3.9 years with the Break Even Point (BEP) of 48%.Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biological sludge, sludge residue, organic fertilizer pellet ABSTRAKPenelitian pembuatan pelet pupuk organik dari residu digestasi anaerobik lumpur biologi industri kertas telah dilakukan. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari karakterisasi lumpur biologi, digestasi anaerobik untuk memperoleh endapan residu lumpur, pembuatan pelet pupuk organik, dan analisis tekno ekonomi. Proses digestasi anaerobik skala pilot dilakukan di industri kertas pada pH 5,5 – 6,0, alkalinitas 2000 - 2500 mg/L, dan waktu tinggal 4 hari dengan kadar padatan total (TS) umpan 0,6%. Tahapan pembuatan pelet pupuk organik meliputi penghilangan air, pengeringan dan pembentukan pelet. Pembuatan pelet dilakukan dengan menambahkan aditif abu sekam 5-10 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa residu lumpur dari proses digestasi anaerobik mengandung kadar padatan total 2,0 - 4,5%. Proses penghilangan air pada residu lumpur dan pengeringannya dapat meningkatkan kadar padatan berturut-turut 26 – 29% dan 80%. Pelet yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan sebagai pupuk organik atau pembenah tanah menurut SNI 7847:2012 yang diperuntukkan untuk Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa skala industri, digestasi anaerobik dengan umpan lumpur biologi 200 ton/hari dan kadar padatan total (TS) 1% menghasilkan residu lumpur 24 ton/hari dengan TS 3%. Residu lumpur tersebut dapat dibuat menjadi 710 kg pelet pupuk organik/hari dengan TS 80,5%. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa lamanya investasi kembali adalah 3,9 tahun dengan titik pulang pokok 48%.Kata kunci: digestasi anaerobik, lumpur biologi, residu lumpur, pelet pupuk organik

POTENSI DAN ALTERNATIF PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS Sri Purwati; Rina Susilowati Soetopo; Setiadji Setiadji; Yusup Setiawan
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (246.55 KB)

Set of problems in solid waste management faced by pulp and paper industry has motivated to be carried out various investigations to find out solid waste management which is effective and efficient. Solid waste utilization is one of alternatives in environmental management which is required to be developed due to the economic values obtained and the created of healthy and clean environment.An assessment to know the characteristics of hazardous pollutant identified in the solid waste of pulp and paper industry was carried out. The assessment of potency and the utilization feasibility of sludge waste from wastewater treatment plant and ash waste from power boiler to be a product resulting added value was also studied both the technical aspect and the environmental risk. Results show that the characteristics of sludge waste from wastewater treatment plant and ash waste from power and incinerator were not identified as hazardous waste and based on TCLP and on-waste testing results, it can be piled in the light landfill category. Sludge waste from wastewater treatment plant has potency to be utilized as compost without causing the pollution indication into soil and soil water. Other utilization as boiler fuel, it has also prosperous potency, yet the design of equipment to handle the high water content is required to be considered. Ash waste from power boiler could also be utilized as clay mixture in brick making. The quality of brick product was fulfilling Indonesian national brick quality standard and it is safe for environment. INTISARI Permasalahan pengelolaan limbah padat yang dihadapi oleh industri pulp dan kertas telah mendorong dilakukannya berbagai penelitian untuk mencari solusi pengelolaan yang efektif dan efisien. Pemanfaatan limbah merupakan alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan yang perlu dikembangkan mengingat nilai ekonomi yang diperoleh dan terciptanya lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat.Suatu kajian untuk mengetahui karakteristik adanya identifikasi cemaran B3 terhadap limbah padat industri pulp dan kertas telah dilakukan. Pengkajian atas hasil beberapa penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi dan kelayakan pemanfaatan limbah padat dari Lumpur IPAL dan abu pembakaran power boiler menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi telah dirumuskan pula dengan meninjau aspek teknis dan lingkungannya.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik limbah padat Lumpur IPAL dan abu pembakaran dari power boiler dan insinerator tidak mengidentifikasikan sebagai limbah B3, sehingga didalam pengelolaannya berdasarkan hasil uji on-waste dan TCLP dapat ditimbun dalam landfill kategori ringan. Kajian terhadap potensi pemanfaatannya menunjukkan bahwa Lumpur IPAL potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai produk kompos tanpa menyebabkan indikasi pencemaran tanah dan air tanah. Sedangkan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan bakar boiler uap cukup potensial pula, namun perlu dipertimbangkan rancangan peralatan untuk menangani masalah tingginya kadar air. Kajian terhadap abu pembakaran menunjukkan potensinya untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan substitusi ( 60%) pada peambuatan produk bata merah dengan kualitas cukup memenuhi persyaratan SNI dan tanpa menimbulkan resiko terhadap lingkungan.

TINGKAT TOKSISITAS AIR LIMBAH PROSES PEMUTIHAN PULP KERTAS TERHADAP IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio L.) Rina Susilowati Soetopo; Sri Purwati; Yusup Setiawan; Krisna Septiningrum
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 42, No 01 (2007): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Research on toxicity level of pulp bleaching effluent to carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) has been conducted using OECD 203-1992 standard methods experiment. The waste water from chlorination and extraction unit in pulp conventional bleaching with AOX content of 33.04 mg/L and 20.06 mg/L was used as testing material. The research was conducted in two steps, i’e.: first acute toxicity (4 days) and chronic toxicity (28 days). Measured parameter are the amount of death test organism, operculum movement frequency (OMF) and the AOX content in animal tissues.Result of the experiment showed that the acute toxicity of effluent from chlorination unit is more toxic than from the extraction unit, with LC50-96 hours value are of 87.01 ± 0.06% for bleaching chlorination effluent and above 100% for extraction effluent. Subchronic toxicity for chlorination unit showed the enhancement of 40% OMF for 28 days, while there is no AOX compounds accumulation found in the animal tissue. INTISARIPenelitian tingkat toksisitas air limbah proses pemutihan pulp terhadap ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) telah dilakukan. Metoda penelitian mengacu pada standar OECD 203-1992. Air limbah diambil dari proses pemutihan pulp konvensional pada unit tahap klorinasi dan tahap ekstraksi yang masing-masing mengandung AOX 33,04 mg/L dan 20,06 mg/L. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu penelitian toksisitas akut (selama 4 hari) dan toksisitas subkronis (selama 28 hari). Parameter yang diuji adalah jumlah kematian ikan, frekwensi gerakan operkulum dan kandungan AOX dalam jaringan tubuh ikan.Hasil percobaan toksisitas akut menunjukkan bahwa air limbah unit klorinasi lebih toksik daripada air limbah unit ekstraksi, dengan nilai LC50-96 jam 87,01 ± 0,06% untuk air limbah unit klorinasi dan LC50-96 jam > 100% untuk air limbah unit ekstraksi. Hasil uji toksisitas subkronis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan Frekwensi Gerakan Operkulum (FGO) ikan yang terdedah air limbah klorinasi 40% selama 28 hari, yang berdampak terhadap penurunan laju pertambahan berat ikan, namun demikian pendedahan selama 28 hari tersebut belum sampai terjadi akumulasi AOX dalam jaringan tubuh ikan.

PEMANFAATAN REJEK HIDROPULPER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI KERTAS BEKAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI KERTAS Taufan Hidayat; Yusup Setiawan
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 5, No 02 (2015): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Limited case study of biorefinery implementation in paper industry has been done through the investigation of fibers component separation from hydropulper reject for papermaking. Pulper rejects was cleaned from metal contaminant, crushing, screening sequentially through the screen 6, 2, and 1 size, and drying. Reject fibers (R) then mixed with Old Corrugated Container or OCC (O) in the ratio of R:O as 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100. The handsheets then made at the basis weight of 70, 125, and 150 g/m2 or GSM, followed by testing and evaluating. The results showed that the furnish of reject and OCC mixing is feasible for papermaking, and still have some opportunities to develope further mechanically, chemically, and or fiber reinforcement. Based on the evaluation of handsheets quality, it is recommended that improved 70 GSM paper suitable for wrapping paper, while improved 125 and 150 GSM papers supposed to be a lainer board and fluting medium.Keywords: biorefinery, hydrapulper reject, wrapping paper, lainer board, fluting mediumABSTRAKStudi kasus terbatas tentang penerapan biorefinery di industri kertas telah dilakukan melalui penelitian pemisahan komponen serat dari rejek hidropulper untuk dimanfaatkan kembali menjadi kertas. Rejek hidropulper dibersihkan dari pengotor logam, dicacah, disaring secara berurutan melalui saringan berukuran 6, 2, dan 1 mm, dan dikeringkan. Serat rejek (R) dicampur dengan Old Corrugated Container atau OCC (O) dan komposisi R:O adalah 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100, kemudian selanjutnya dibuat lembaran kertas dengan gramatur 70, 125, dan 150 g/m2 atau GSM. Kertas dikondisikan dalam ruang standar sebelum diuji mutu lembarannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa furnish campuran serat rejek dan OCC layak untuk dibuat lembaran kertas, tetapi masih memerlukan perlakuan lanjutan untuk meningkatkan mutunya. Berdasarkan peluang peningkatan mutu tersebut disarankan kertas gramatur 70 GSM digunakan untuk kertas bungkus, sedangkan kertas gramatur 125 dan 150 GSM untuk kertas lainer dan medium.Kata Kunci : biorefinery, rejek hidropulper, OCC, kertas bungkus, kertas lainer, kertas medium

PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH PROSES PEMUTIHAN PULP DENGAN REAKTOR UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) DAN LUMPUR AKTIF TERMOBILISASI (INCREASING THE EFFECTIVITY PULP BLEACHING PROCESS EFFLUENT TREATMENT BY UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) AND MOBILIZED ACTIVATED SLUDGE REACTORS) Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Rina S Soetopo; Kristaufan Joko Pramono
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 43, No 02 (2008): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Treatment of pulp bleaching effluent using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and suspended carrier Biofilm (SCB) system have been carried out. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and suspended carrier Biofilm (SCB) reactors were run on the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours, respectively. Micronutrient solution containing some traces elements was added into feed wastewater of UASB reactor to accelerate the growth of granular sludge. Sludge characteristics of UASB and activated sludge reactors were observed and analyzed. Settling rate of granular sludge in UASB reactors was also mesured. Effluent of UASB reactor was treated further in Suspended Carrier Biofilm (SCB) reactor.Concentration of COD, TSS and AOX parameters both influent and effluent of UASB reactor as well as suspended carrier biofilm (SCB) reactor were analyzed. Result revealed that UASB reactor run on the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours could remove COD up to 90%, TSS up to 91% and AOX up to 84%. Addition of micronutrient solution has accelerated the growth of granular sludge. Dark-brownesh color of granular sludge with the diameter of 1-4 mm having settling rate of 70-120 m/hr has been formed. SCB reactor as post treatment could remove COD of 85%, TSS of 73% and AOX of 76%. Sequential UASB and SCB reactor could increase the effectivity of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment with the removal of dissolved and suspended organic pollutant more than 94%.Key words: AOX, COD, activated sludge, granular sludge, UASB.INTISARI Pengolahan air limbah proses pemutihan pulp dengan system Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) dan lumpur aktif termobilisasi telah dilakukan. Reaktor (UASB) dan lumpur aktif termobilisasi masin-masing dioperasikan pada waktu tinggal 12 jam. Larutan micronnutrisi yang mengandung ion-ion logam dalam jumlah sedikit ditambahkan ke dalam umpan reactor UASB untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan lumpur granul. Karakteristik lumpur reaktor UASB diamati dan dianalisa. Kecepatan pengendapan lumpur granul juga diukur. Efluen reactor UASB diolah lebih lanjut dalam reactor lumpur aktif termobilisasi. Parameter COD, TSS dan Adsorbable Organic Halies (AOX) menunjukan bahwa pada waktu tinggal 12 jam, reaktor UASB dapat mereduksi COD 90%, TSS 91% dan AOX 84%. Penambahan larutan mikronutrisi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan mikroganisme dalam membentukan lumpur granul. Lumpur granul yang terbentuk berdiameter 1-4 mm berwarna hitam kecoklatan memiliki kesepatan 70-120 m/jam. Pengolahan lanjutan dengan sistem lumpur aktif termobilisasi masing-masing dapat mereproduksi COD 85%, TSS 73% dan AOX 76%. Sistem pengolahan air limbah gabungan rector UASB dan lumpur aktif termobilisasi dapat meningkatkan efektifitas pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas dengan reduksi pencemar organik terlarut dan tersuspesi lebih besar dari 94%.Kata kunci : AOX, COD, lumpur aktif, lumpur granul, UASB

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