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PENGARUH RASIO ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEKTIN DARI KULIT KAKAO Venitalitya A. S. Augustia; Dian Ika Nugraha; Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (494.807 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v7i2.21021

Abstract

Cocoa is a fruit crop which is able to be planted in tropical climate, e.g. Indonesia. Generally, people only take the flesh of cocoa fruit and the peel is removed so that it will increase the volume of waste. The cocoa peel contains useful compounds for food and pharmaceutical industries, such as pectin. Hence, a research to increase the pectin retrieval quality from cocoa peel is needed in order to utilize the useful cocoa waste. Methods used in this research is solid-liquid extraction with water as solvent in the presence of acid (HCl). The process of making pectin powder is done through several steps here: (1) Raw material preparation, (2) Pectin extraction, and (3) Analysis of pectin powder. The extraction process is done at temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the pH of the solvent is 1.5. The variation is done on the ratio of volume of isopropyl alcohol to the retrieved pectin. The result of the research shows that the recovery of pectin is at its peak at 6.50% with the percentage of water at 5,82%, equivalent weight of 6454,5242, metoxyl percentage of 5,76%, galacturonate percentage of 35,45%, and esterification level of 92,31%. The best quality of pectin, determined by the highest value of characterization, is obtained when the ratio of the filtrate to the volume of isopropyl alcohol is 1:1.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Minyak Atsiri Kamomil dan Lavender terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Stabilitas Produk Multipurpose Balm Annisa Yumna N. Firdaus; Firna Yuliani; Venitalitya A. S. Augustia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26224

Abstract

Growing interest in natural cosmetics has encouraged the development of multipurpose balms containing Lavender Essential Oil (LEO) and Chamomile Essential Oil (CEO). This study investigated the effects of varying LEO and CEO concentrations on the physicochemical characteristics and stability of multipurpose balm formulations. Researchers prepared nine samples with different essential oil concentrations and evaluated organoleptic properties, spread ability, pH, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and total plate count (TPC). The results showed stable semisolid textures, with colour and aroma varying with essential oil concentration. Sample 5 received the highest consumer preference. The pH values ranged from 4.96 to 5.21, within the physiological skin pH range of 4.5–6.5. Spread ability increased with applied load, reaching 2.175 cm in sample 9. FTIR analysis indicated no chemical structural changes, while TPC values of ≤ 10 CFU/g met cosmetic microbiological safety standards. Overall, the balm formulations remained stable and safe across the tested LEO and CEO variations.  
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Minyak Atsiri Kamomil dan Lavender terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Stabilitas Produk Multipurpose Balm Annisa Yumna N. Firdaus; Firna Yuliani; Venitalitya A. S. Augustia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.26224

Abstract

Growing interest in natural cosmetics has encouraged the development of multipurpose balms containing Lavender Essential Oil (LEO) and Chamomile Essential Oil (CEO). This study investigated the effects of varying LEO and CEO concentrations on the physicochemical characteristics and stability of multipurpose balm formulations. Researchers prepared nine samples with different essential oil concentrations and evaluated organoleptic properties, spread ability, pH, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and total plate count (TPC). The results showed stable semisolid textures, with colour and aroma varying with essential oil concentration. Sample 5 received the highest consumer preference. The pH values ranged from 4.96 to 5.21, within the physiological skin pH range of 4.5–6.5. Spread ability increased with applied load, reaching 2.175 cm in sample 9. FTIR analysis indicated no chemical structural changes, while TPC values of ≤ 10 CFU/g met cosmetic microbiological safety standards. Overall, the balm formulations remained stable and safe across the tested LEO and CEO variations.