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All Journal Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Jurnal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society
Mimi Marina Lubis
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Relationship of Craniofacial Structure Changes in Mouth Breathing Patients to Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions: A Lateral Cephalometric Study Lubis, Mimi Marina; Bahirrah, Siti; Lubis, Hilda Fitria; Rumaisha, Khalila
Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society Vol 10, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Dentistry Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jds.v10i1.47923

Abstract

Background: Prolonged airway obstruction during facial growth can influence the development of craniofacial structures. Conversely, craniofacial deformities may contribute to reduced airway dimensions. Understanding the relationship between craniofacial morphology and pharyngeal airway space is essential, particularly in individuals with altered breathing patterns such as mouth breathing. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences and relationships between craniofacial structures and pharyngeal airway dimensions in patients with mouth breathing compared to those with normal nasal breathing. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-analytic research design. A total of 20 lateral cephalograms were analyzed10 from patients with normal breathing and 10 from mouth-breathing patients, all presenting with skeletal class II malocclusion. Landmarks were identified manually, and measurements were carried out using the CorelDRAW application. The Unpaired T-test was used to assess differences between groups. The Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between craniofacial structures and airway dimensions in the mouth-breathing group. Results: Significant differences were found in mandibular structure and the oropharyngeal U-MPW plane angle (p 0.05) between mouth breathers and nasal breathers. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between craniofacial measurements and pharyngeal airway dimensions within the mouth-breathing group. Conclusion: This study concludes that increased anteroposterior skeletal measurements and vertical facial height are not significantly associated with narrowing of pharyngeal airway dimensions in mouth-breathing patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to explore this relationship more comprehensively.
Correlation between of nasopharyngeal dimensions and craniofacial structure in 8–15-year-olds: a cross-sectional study Rosady, Chantyka; Lubis, Mimi Marina
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no3.63459

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal dimensions are closely associated with craniofacial structures. Changes in the nasopharynx during facial growth may influence craniofacial development. This study aimed to analyze the correlations between nasopharyngeal dimensions and craniofacial structures in children aged 8–15 years. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, based on lateral cephalometry in 66 children aged 8–15 years who attended the Orthodontic Clinic, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from June-December 2022. All participants had skeletal and dental Class I relationships, no harmful habits, and were not on long-term medication. The study measured nasopharyngeal dimensions, including the mean and standard deviation of bony and soft tissue components, and craniofacial structures such as maxillary length, mandibular length, and lower anterior facial height. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The posterior height of the nasal cavity had the highest mean value among nasopharyngeal measurements (53.99 ± 4.30 mm). Among soft tissue parameters, AD1–PNS showed the greatest mean (24.99 ± 4.70 mm) compared with PTV–AD and AD2–PNS. The mandibular length exceeded the maxillary length, and the lower anterior facial height averaged 117.74 ± 8.57 mm. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed significant correlations (p<0.05) between nasopharyngeal dimensions and craniofacial structures. The nasal floor length, posterior height of the nasal cavity, bony nasopharynx height and depth, and soft tissue measures (AD1–PNS, PTV–AD) were significantly correlated with maxillary and mandibular lengths and lower anterior facial height. Conclusion: The posterior height of the nasal cavity demonstrated the highest average value, and mandibular length was greater than maxillary length. In children aged 8–15 years, nasopharyngeal dimensions were correlated with craniofacial structures, with the exception of the nasopharyngeal depth angle and roof angle of the bony nasopharynx.   
Co-Authors Lubis, Hilda Fitria Rosady, Chantyka Rumaisha, Khalila Siti Bahirrah Siti Nurbayati