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Tri Joko
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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The Role of Nanochitosan on the Expression of Rice Resistance Genes against Bacterial Leaf Blight Siswanti Siswanti; Tri Joko; Siti Subandiyah
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.44418

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has been reported to cause ± 20–50% of rice yield loss around the world. Resistant varieties are used to control this disease, however due to rapid evolution of this pathogen, the resistances was broken down in a few years. This study is aimed to determine the role of nanochitosan in the expression of rice Xa21 and Xa1 resistant genes against Xoo. The BLB susceptible rice cultivar IR64, the Xoo isolate MAG2 and a 0.065% concentration of nanochitosan were used in this experiment. Application of nanochitosan was carried out within 1-week intervals starting at rice aged 2–10 weeks after transplanting. The expression of Xa21 and Xa1 genes against Xoo were analyzed using conventional PCR and qPCR methods at 0 and 4 days after Xoo inoculation followed by 4x scoring of disease symptoms in 1-week interval. The treatments used in this study included the mock one/inoculated with sterile distilled water, K (+)/ plants inoculated with Xoo, CNP (-)/ with nanochitosan and sterile distilled water inoculation, and CNP (+)/ with nanochitosan and Xoo inoculation. The results showed that the 0.0065% concentration nanochitosan application was able to increase the expression of Xa21 and Xa1 genes on CNP (-). Disease intensity and AUDPC values did not show any significant difference between K (+) and CNP (+). This study concluded that nanochitosan at 0.065% was able to increase the expression of rice Xa21 and Xa1 resistance genes. However, the gene expression was not able to significantly suppress the infection development of Xoo.
The Resistance of Local Pigmented Rice Varieties against Bacterial Leaf Blight Tri Joko; Kristamtini Kristamtini; Sumarno Sumarno; Rofiq Andriyanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.46902

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease in rice plants worldwide, including in Indonesia. The use of resistant variety against BLB is the best effort in disease control because it is considered as the most effective and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of local varieties, red rice (cv. Sembada Merah) and black rice (cv. Sembada Hitam), against Xoo compared to white rice variety (Ciherang), commonly cultivated by the farmers. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and arranged in Factorial of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications and 2 treatment factors: variety (Sembada Hitam, Sembada Merah, and Ciherang) and inoculation (with and without inoculated by Xoo bacterial suspension). Xoo inoculation was performed by clipping the leaves that close to the reproductive phase when the heading begins to be produced. The disease intensity and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) over two weeks were used to determine the level of resistance of the tested plant varieties. The results showed that black rice and red rice had better levels of resistance against BLB compared to white rice. At two weeks after inoculation, Sembada Hitam had the lowest AUDPC value followed by Sembada Merah, while the Ciherang had the highest AUDPC value and was categorized as a susceptible variety to Xoo.
Co-Authors Kristamtini Kristamtini Rofiq Andriyanto Siswanti Siswanti Siti Subandiyah Sumarno Sumarno