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Wasiat Wajibah, Nonmuslim dan Kemaslahatan Hukum: Studi Putusan MA Tahun 1995-2010 Rahmad Setyawan
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 53, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.2019.53.1.31-57

Abstract

Abstract: In terms of Islamic inheritance law, nonmuslims are the parties who are prevented from obtaining inheritance. This provision is clearly stipulated in the hadith of the Prophet and has also been agreed upon by the majority of scholars. However, the Supreme Court (MA) through a number of decisions has granted nonmuslims the right to inherit property through the compulsory will. This article examines the decisions of the Supreme Court from 1995 to 2010 regarding this issue. To analyze a number of Supreme Court decisions, this study seeks to trace the legal discovery process carried out by the Supreme Court using the maṣlaḥah theory. The research analysis concluded that the provision of compulsory wills serves as a legal effort taken by the Supreme Court to create benefit and apply the princple of justice. In this case, the Supreme Court has made legal findings (rechtvinding) using the istiṣlāhi method, which emphasizes the aspect of direct benefit. The provision of a mandatory will can be legally justified, although there is no stipulation in the Al-Qur’an, hadith, or positive law that explicitly explains wills to non-Muslim heirs. In addition, the provision of the mandatory will can also be seen as a process of realizing the general principles and objectives of Islamic law.Abstrak: Dalam hukum kewarisan Islam, nonmuslim adalah pihak yang terhalang untuk mendapatkan warisan. Hal ini dinyataan seecra tegas dalam hadis nabi dan juga telah disepakati oleh mayoritas ulama. Namun demikian, Mahkamah Agung (MA) melalui sejumlah putusannya telah memberikan hak kepada nonmuslim untuk mendapatkan harta warisan melalui mekanisme wasiat wajibah. Artikel ini mengkaji putusan Mahkamah Agung sejak tahun 1995 hingga 2010. Untuk menganalisis sejumlah putusan Mahkamah Agung tersebut, kajian ini berupaya melacak proses penemuan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dengan menggunakan teori maṣlaḥah. Dari kajian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan diperolehlah kesimpulan bahwa pemberian wasiat wajibah merupakan upaya hukum yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan dan mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai keadilan. Dalam hal ini, Mahkamah Agung telah melakukan penemuan hukum (rechtvinding) dengan menggunakan metode istiṣlaḥi yang menekankan aspek kemaslahatan secara langsung. Pemberian wasiat wajibah tersebut dapat dibenarkan secara hukum, meskipun tidak ada sumber dari Al-Qur’an, hadits maupun hukum positif yang menjelaskan secara eksplisit tentang wasiat kepada ahli waris non-muslim. Selain itu, pemberian wasiat wajibah tersebut juga dapat dilihat sebagai proses realisasi prinsip-prinsip umum dan tujuan-tujuan pensyariatan hukum Islam.
Nur Mohammad Taraki hingga Mohammad Najibullah: Konflik Uni Soviet dengan Mujahidin di Afghanistan 1978-1992 Yunus Sulthonul Khakim; Rahmad Setyawan; Muhammad Husna Rosyadi; Andi Arif Rifa’i
Dampeng: Journal of Art, Heritage and Culture Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Dampeng: Journal Art, Heritage and Culture
Publisher : Yayasan Abdurrauf Cendekia Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70742/dampeng.v1i3.390

Abstract

Afghanistan was originally an absolute monarchy, where the king held full power and controlled the government completely. However, in 1973, the long-ruling king was overthrown in a coup, giving birth to the Republic of Afghanistan. After that, the country experienced a dark period as the government was taken over by a communist regime controlled by the Soviet Union. This situation left Afghanistan vulnerable to conflict and instability. Then, a jihadist group emerged that dared to oppose communist domination and Soviet intervention from 1978 to 1992. This movement was known as the Mujahideen, which consisted of the Muslim community of Afghanistan. This paper aims to examine the role of this Islamic guerrilla group in the struggle against communism, both in terms of violence, invasion, and cultural change in Afghanistan. Methodologically, this research falls under the category of political history research, utilizing library data as the main reference in the preparation of the discussion. This research uses historical methods, starting from topic selection, source search and verification, interpretation, to writing. The results of the study show that the Mujahideen succeeded in developing and were able to expel communist forces, thus becoming the main force that dominated the new power in Afghanistan. Abstrak: Afghanistan pada awalnya merupakan Negara dengan sistem monarki absolut, di mana raja memegang kekuasaan penuh dan mengendalikan jalannya pemerintahan secara total. Namun, pada tahun 1973, kekuasaan raja yang telah lama berkuasa berhasil digulingkan melalui kudeta, sehingga lahirlah Republik Afghanistan. Setelah itu, Negara ini mengalami masa-masa kelam karena pemerintahan sempat dikuasai oleh rezim komunis yang dikendalikan oleh Uni Soviet. Kondisi tersebut menempatkan Afghanistan dalam situasi yang rentan terhadap konflik dan ketidakstabilan. Hingga kemudian muncul kelompok jihad yang berani menentang dominasi komunis dan intervensi Uni Soviet pada tahun 1978-1992. Gerakan tersebut dikenal dengan sebutan Mujahidin, yang terdiri dari masyarakat muslim Afghanistan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menelaah peran kelompok gerilya Islam tersebut dalam perjuangan melawan komunisme, baik terkait kekerasan, invasi, maupun perubahan budaya di Afghanistan. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian sejarah politik dengan memanfaatkan data kepustakaan sebagai rujukan utama dalam penyusunan pembahasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah, mulai dari pemilihan topik, penelusuran dan verifikasi sumber, interpretasi, hingga penulisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mujahidin berhasil berkembang dan mampu mengusir pasukan komunis, sehingga kemudian menjadi kekuatan utama yang mendominasi kekuasaan baru di Afghanistan.
Ecological Awareness in Buying and Selling: Fiqh al-Bi’ah Analysis on Plastic Bag Use at Tanjung Bajure Market, Indonesia Elvi Nilda; Rifqi Nurdiansyah; Doli Witro; Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; Rahmad Setyawan; Raid Alghani
Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan Vol 12, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia (Islamic Law) at Fatmawati Sukarno State Islamic University Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/mzn.v12i2.7822

Abstract

This article aims to analyse the level of ecological awareness of traders and buyers at Tanjung Bajure Market in Sungai Penuh in the use of plastic bags and review how the government’s role in setting regulations through the perspective of Islamic law. This article is a juridical-empirical legal research with a socio-legal approach that uses qualitative methods and purposive sampling techniques. Data were obtained through observation at Tanjung Bajure Market, interviews with market players, and documentation, then the data were analysed through qualitative data analysis techniques namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study found that the level of ecological awareness of the Tanjung Bajure Market in Sungai Penuh is still low, indicated by the dominance of the use of disposable plastic bags, although a small proportion of buyers have brought their own shopping bags. Government policies related to restrictions on the use of plastic bags have been regulated through various regulations, but their implementation has not been effective in traditional markets. In the perspective of Islamic law, consumptive behaviour towards plastic is considered contrary to the principles of maqashid sharia, especially in preserving the environment (hifz al-bi’ah). This research has contributed to the development of contemporary fiqh and Islamic economics, by recommending the formulation of fatwa provisions on the use of plastic bags based on Islamic ethics and ecological values. The implementation of the fatwa is certainly not immediately accepted by the actors, if it is not accompanied by ecological awareness of the actors. The findings of this study confirm that the importance of integration between the implementation of government regulations and religious ethics in order to form a sustainable and environmentally sound market ecosystem in accordance with Islamic values and ethics