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RASISME DALAM NOVEL THE KITE RUNNER Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
PARADIGMA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN AGAMA, DAN BUDAYA Vol 18 No 2 (2021): PARADIGMA Journal of Science, Religion and Culture Studies
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Islam 45

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/paradigma.v18i2.2925

Racism is rooted from colonial era that the colonizer considers their race that is different and higher than others. It produces social inequality between colonizer and their colonized. The Kite Runner depicts the story of life in Afghanistan in the middle of the tribal conflicts and war; Hazaras, the minority ethnic group genocide done by the Pashtun, the majority, children and women rapes, and civilians slaughter by Taliban. In the middle of the war, live two main characters, Amir and Hassan, ten years old boys who come from different social class yet living in the same roof. They both have the same father without their knowing, but with different mix of race. Different race and social class results in discriminative acts not just between the two of them but also among society. This research aims to analyze and find out how The Kite Runner depicts the racism in Afghanistn during 1970s up to 2001. Pashtun Taliban represented by Assef as the villain vs Pashtun, Amir as the main character. Pashtun vs Hazara is also known by the characters; Assef with Hassan, Amir and Hassan, Assef and Sohrab, Baba and Ali, Baba and Sanaubar. This research uses descriptive analytical method. This analysis is focusing on five aspects of racism, namely (1) discrimination, (2) segregation, (3) slavery, (4) prejudice, and (5) stereotype. It can be found that the discrimination is done by Amir and his Father, Baba who treat Hassan and Ali, who are from minority ethnic, as their slaves. Next is segregation and discrimination depicted by Assef, a young Afghanistan who praises Hitler and assumes that his ethnic is more decorous than others in Afghanistan and he tries to chase Hazara from Afghanistan. The slavery can be seen when Baba and Amir treats Ali and Hassan as their maid in their house. The prejudice can be seen when there are some Pashtun thinks of the hazrasa existence living together with Baba and Amir. From Prejudice, it results the stereotyping from other people of imagining the Hazara. The authoritarian government, Taliban, also show the mistreatment of racism to the Afghans. Afghans often get sexual harassment, being raped, or even being killed if the break the law of Taliban.

GENDERING THE MEDIA : ANALISIS REPRESENTASI RUANG BERGENDER DI DALAM TIGA IKLAN GOJEK Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
LINGUA : JURNAL ILMIAH Vol 17 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Ilmiah: Lingua
Publisher : STBA LIA - Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35962/lingua.v17i2.93

Iklan sebagai salah satu produk dari media populer sering kali digunakan untuk mempromosikan dan merepresentasikan suatu produk. Tiga iklan Go-Jek mempresentasikan sebuah konsep ruang bergender. Tujuan penulisan ini menggambarkan keseharian masyakarat pada kalangan kelas menengah atas yang berkaitan dengan Go-jek. Analisis dalam kajian ini menggunakan teori representasi dan konstruksi kelas sosial dalam iklan yang berkaitan dengan simbol dalam pesan atau teks. Metode penulisan dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama, menonton dan mengamati iklan-iklan Go-Jek yang terdapat di dalam kanal Youtube Go-Jek. Sebanyak 25 iklan yang dirilis oleh PT Go-Jek Indonesia dihimpun dari kanal Youtube Go-Jek Indonesia dari 2019 hingga 2021. Dari 25 iklan tersebut iklan yang menggambarkan kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat urban hanya terdapat tiga iklan “Rahasia Siap Jadi Suami #RumahTanggap”, “Pesan Dari Rumah Buat Bang Jeki”, dan “Pesan Dari Rumah Buat Kita Yang Di Jalan.” Simpulan menunjukkan bahwa ketiga iklan Go-jek menampilkan konsep ruang bergender yang memisahkan ruang-ruang dan praktik kelas menengah dalam keseharian masyarakat Indonesia.

RASISME DALAM NOVEL THE KITE RUNNER Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
PARADIGMA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN AGAMA, DAN BUDAYA Vol 18 No 2 (2021): PARADIGMA Journal of Science, Religion and Culture Studies
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Islam 45

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/paradigma.v18i2.2925

Racism is rooted from colonial era that the colonizer considers their race that is different and higher than others. It produces social inequality between colonizer and their colonized. The Kite Runner depicts the story of life in Afghanistan in the middle of the tribal conflicts and war; Hazaras, the minority ethnic group genocide done by the Pashtun, the majority, children and women rapes, and civilians slaughter by Taliban. In the middle of the war, live two main characters, Amir and Hassan, ten years old boys who come from different social class yet living in the same roof. They both have the same father without their knowing, but with different mix of race. Different race and social class results in discriminative acts not just between the two of them but also among society. This research aims to analyze and find out how The Kite Runner depicts the racism in Afghanistn during 1970s up to 2001. Pashtun Taliban represented by Assef as the villain vs Pashtun, Amir as the main character. Pashtun vs Hazara is also known by the characters; Assef with Hassan, Amir and Hassan, Assef and Sohrab, Baba and Ali, Baba and Sanaubar. This research uses descriptive analytical method. This analysis is focusing on five aspects of racism, namely (1) discrimination, (2) segregation, (3) slavery, (4) prejudice, and (5) stereotype. It can be found that the discrimination is done by Amir and his Father, Baba who treat Hassan and Ali, who are from minority ethnic, as their slaves. Next is segregation and discrimination depicted by Assef, a young Afghanistan who praises Hitler and assumes that his ethnic is more decorous than others in Afghanistan and he tries to chase Hazara from Afghanistan. The slavery can be seen when Baba and Amir treats Ali and Hassan as their maid in their house. The prejudice can be seen when there are some Pashtun thinks of the hazrasa existence living together with Baba and Amir. From Prejudice, it results the stereotyping from other people of imagining the Hazara. The authoritarian government, Taliban, also show the mistreatment of racism to the Afghans. Afghans often get sexual harassment, being raped, or even being killed if the break the law of Taliban.

SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS: MUSIC GENRES AND FASHION EXPRESSION AMONG ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Yulia Pradinda; Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
DIALEKTIKA: JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN BUDAYA Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Prodi Sastra Inggris UKI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33541/dia.v11i2.6383

This study used Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory to analyze the influence of music genre on the fashion expression of English Literature students at the University of North Sumatra. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. Data was obtained through structured interviews with three informants who have preferences in punk, alternative rock, and K-pop music genres. The results show that each music genre influences different fashion elements regarding colors, accessories, and clothing styles. The punk genre reflects the values of freedom and resistance through dark colors and distinctive accessories, alternative rock highlights self-expression through edgy fashion elements, while K-pop carries modernity and femininity with pastel colors and styles inspired by Korean popular culture. The environment of USU's Faculty of Humanities also plays a vital role in supporting the diversity of student fashion expressions to interact with music subcultures and social identities. Thus, fashion is not only a visual representation of musical preferences but also functions as a sign system that communicates the identity, values, and affiliations of the student community on campus.

The Changing Perceptions of Gender Equality in Media and Popular Culture Shakira Dwi Azura Arianto; Muhammad Fakhran Al Ramadhan
Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajaran Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran
Publisher : Bale Literasi: Lembaga Riset, Pelatihan & Edukasi, Sosial, Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/alinea.v4i3.1012

This journal explores the evolving perceptions of gender equality in media and popular culture, examining how various forms of representation have influenced societal attitudes toward gender roles over time. By analyzing of media from films, also from survey to various groups of ages. this study investigates how narratives surrounding gender equality have shifted in response to cultural, social, and political movements.Key themes include the portrayal of strong female characters, the deconstruction of traditional masculinity, and the intersectionality of race, class, and sexuality within gender discourse. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the exploration of the evolving perceptions of gender equality in media and popular culture.

Representasi krisis lingkungan dalam lirik lagu Speak Up: Sebuah kajian ekokritisisme punk Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v10i1.19421

Environmental art is used as a mechanism to engage awareness in building environmental understanding and music provides some affective components of environmental education – emotions, values, and motivations driving pro-environmental behavior. Punk rock creates a sense of community and awareness through the lyrics. It is no longer about resistance to rigid, feudal systems and criticism of authoritarians, but also moves in responding to environmental issues, which is an interesting study to explore. This study aimed to explore how the ecological perspective in punk music by looking at the Jakarta punk band called Speak Up in responding to environmental issues. The initial analysis of 3 Speak Up songs; Suara Bumi, Balada Tanah Merah, and Puisi Bumi are to be analyzed. Based on literature review, theoretical basis and data obtained from observation and documentation of Ecological Perspective, the writer found that the disharmonic relationship between human and nature that showed ecological matters. Ecological Perspective is a way to understand how history, justice, and power intersect with any form of knowledge, and in this context how the lyrics deal with environmental issues and urban environmental injustices. Key Words: Environmental issues, Music Education, Punk, Ecological Perspective

PENINGKATAN KINERJA UMKM MEULIJAJAN DI CIKARANG MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI DIGITAL MARKETING Amanda Morlian; Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (EKO-BISMA) Vol 5 No 1 (2026): JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (EKO-BISMA)
Publisher : PUBLISHER ABISATYA DINAMIKA ISWARA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58268/eb.v5i1.284

Abstract Abstract The advancement of digital technology has transformed business marketing practices, including among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that form the backbone of Indonesia’s economy. However, many MSMEs still rely on traditional marketing methods with limited reach. This study focuses on Meulijajan Jajan, a culinary MSME in Cikarang facing stagnant sales due to conventional promotion. The research gap lies in the lack of empirical action research assessing the direct impact of digital marketing implementation on local MSMEs. An action research method was applied, involving six participants—one business owner and five active customers. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation over three months covering pre-implementation, execution, and evaluation stages. Findings indicate significant improvement in (a) sales volume (nearly doubled), (b) social media followers (+45%), and (c) market expansion to the Greater Jakarta area. The study implies that consistent brand identity, quality visual content, and interactive social engagement are essential strategies for enhancing MSME competitiveness in the digital era.

The Intrinsic Analysis of Narrative and Visual Elements in Uketsu’s Strange Pictures Rosalyn Magdalena Br Sitorus; Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL LAKON
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/lakon.v15i1.84642

The growing popularity of translated Japanese literature among Indonesian readers reflects a broader movement of multimodal storytelling and digital reader interaction. This research examines at the way narrative structures and visual aspects create suspense and thematic coherence in Uketsu's Strange Pictures. This research utilizes an intrinsic qualitative method based on Barthes' structuralism and Genette's narratology to investigate how textual and visual cues work together to form meaning. This study examines how the novel's use of time, focalization, and symbolic imagery generates tension while transforming readers into active interpreters. The findings demonstrate that Uketsu's hybrid narrative design combines verbal and visual systems into a continuous semiotic framework, with images contributing not as illustrations but as crucial narrative components.

Autonomy vs. Societal Pressures: The Dilemma of Independent Women in Modern Society Muhammad Fakhran al Ramadhan
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 10, No 3 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v10i3.28631

This study examines the experiences and challenges faced by independent women in Indonesia within the context of education, societal roles, and gender expectations. The research addresses issues of autonomy, societal pressures, and the impact of education on women’s empowerment. Using a descriptive qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three women from diverse backgrounds—a university lecturer, a single mother, and a university student. Findings reveal that while these women define independence as control over personal and professional decisions, they encounter significant societal pressures tied to traditional expectations, such as marriage, motherhood, and conformity to conventional gender roles. Each participant negotiates her autonomy by balancing personal ambitions with societal expectations, often at considerable psychological cost, including experiences of frustration, isolation, and self-doubt. Interpreted through Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminist framework—particularly her concepts of immanence, transcendence, and the Other—the study highlights the resilience of Indonesian women in asserting independence despite cultural constraints, while underscoring the continuing need for policy interventions that promote educational access, economic opportunity, and cultural transformation. This research contributes to understanding the complexities of gender equality and the evolving roles of women in contemporary Indonesian society, with particular attention to the gap between formal rights and lived experience.

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