Riska Riska
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam Dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar, Indonesia

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نقل الحضانة من الأم في منظور الفقه الإسلامي عند المذهب الشافعي والقانون الأندونيسي Nashrun, Riska Binti; Basri, M. Muinudinillah
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol, 18. No, 2 Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v18i2.7436

Abstract

Mother is the person most entitled to the care of her children as stated in Islamic laws and shari'ah, and this is in line with the nature of a mother who is very fond of their children and mother is the most patient person with their children but there is quite a worrying problem happening in the midst of our society, where there are many cases of mistreatment of children coming from their mothers, not even a few that lead to death. Found in marriage law No. 1 of 1974 and Presidential Decree on Compilation of Islamic law number 1 of 1999 the articles regulating the causes of a mother not getting custody of her child, the author tries to analyze the articles and compare it with the view of mazhab syafi 'i. And the results of the author's analysis shows the similarities between the articles that regulate the transfer of custody of the child from the mother contained in the two laws above with the view of mazhab syafi'i if compared to the eyes of maqasid syari'ah where the articles aimed at maintaining the safety children of hifzu nafs and hifzul aql. But there is a fundamental difference between mazhab syafi'i school and the law that is: in syafi'i school set some conditions for the mother as child custody holder while in the law there is no article that regulates about it. And in syafi'i madhhab mentioned some things that cause the move custody of the child from mother whose purpose is to keep aqidah children to keep straight hifzu addin, keep safety of mother hifzu nafsil ummi and keep honor father hifzu 'irdil abi where purpose of cause - because the intended is not contained in the articles contained in the law.And the authors conclude that the Articles contained in the law that regulate the move of custody of the child from the mother need addition to be more effective in overcoming the problems that occur in the community, especially cases of mistreatment of mothers against their children.Ibu adalah orang yang paling berhak terhadap pangasuhan anak-anaknya sebagaimana tertuang dalam undang-undang dan syari’at islam, dan hal ini sejalan dengan fitrah seorang ibu yang sangat menyayangi anak-anak dan ibu adalah sosok yang paling sabar menghadapi anak-anak dibandingkan orang lain, akan tetapi ada permaslahan  yang cukup menghawatirkan terjadi ditengah-tengah masyarakat kita, dimana didapati banyaknya kasus penganiayaan terhadap anak-anak yang datang dari ibu mereka, bahkan tidak sedikit yang berujung pada kematian. Didapati dalam undang-undang  Perkawinan nomor 1 tahun 1974 dan Keputusan presiden tentang Kompilasi  hukum islam nomor 1 tahun 1999 pasal-pasal yang mengatur sebab-sebab seorang ibu tidak mendapatkan hak asuh anaknya, penulis mencoba menganalisa pasal-pasal tersebut dan membandingkanya dengan pandangan mazhab syafi’i. Dan hasil analisa penulis menunjukan adanya kesamaan antara pasal-pasal yang mengatur tentang pindahnya hak asuh anak dari ibu yang terdapat pada kedua undang-undang diatas dengan pandangan mazhab syafi’I, jika  keduanya dibandingkan menurut kacamata maqasid syari’ah dimana didapati pasal-pasal yang mengatur pindahnya hak asuh ibu terhadap seorang anak dan pendapat para ahli fiqhi dalam mazhab syafi’i sama-sama bertujuan untuk menjaga keselamatan anak atau hifzu nafs dan hifzul aql. Namun terdapat  Perbedaan antara  mazhab syafi’i dan undang-undang  yaitu: dalam mazhab syafi’i ditetapkan beberapa syarat bagi ibu sebagai pemegang hak asuh anak sedangkan dalam undang-undang tidak ada pasal yang mengatur tentang hal tersebut. Dan  dalam mazhab syafi’i disebutkan beberapa hal  yang menyebabkan pindahnya hak asuh anak dari ibu  yang tujuan nya untuk menjaga aqidah anak-anak agar tetap lurus hifzu addin, menjaga keselamatan ibu hifzu nafsil ummi dan menjaga kehormatan ayah hifzu ‘irdil abi dimana tujuan dari sebab-sebab yang dimaksudkan tidak terkandung dalam pasal-pasal yang terdapat  dalam undang-undang. Sekalipun terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara mazhab syafi’i dan  kedua undang-undang diatas, tetapi pasal-pasal yang mengatur tentang pindahnya hak asuh anak dari ibu tidak menyelisihi dalil-dalil yang sharih dalam Al-qur’an maupun hadits-hadits Rasulullah SAW, dan walaupun demikian menurut penulis Pasal-pasal yang dimaksud tetap memerlukan penambahan agar lebih  jelas dan efektif dijadikan sebagai landasan hukum dalam memutuskan perkara di pengadilan agama. إن أولى الناس في حضانة الولد المحضون أم لشفقتها وصبرها على أعباء الرعاية والتربية ولكن ومن الوقائع المؤسفة التي تناقض فطرة الأم قد حدثت بمجتمعنا اليوم, أن وجد واعتداء واعدام نحو الأولاد من الأم. ولحل المشكلة وضع في القانون مواد تنص على أسباب نقل الحضانة من الأم وذالك في القانون  الوضعي الأندونيسي  الرقم الأول سنة 1974 عن الزواج وفي قرار رئيس الجمهور  الرقم 1 عام 1991 عن  أحكام الأحوال الشخصية,  وقارن الباحث تلك الأسباب المنصوصة في القانونين بنظرة المذهب الشافعي. وينتج من البحث أن  مضمون الأسباب المنصوصة في القانون متفقة بالأسباب المنصوصة من المذهب الشافعي نظرا إلى تحقق مصلحة  حفظ نفس المحضون وحفظ عقله وراء هذه الأسباب. واتفق القانون بالمذهب بأن المحضون المميز يخير بين أمه وأبيه. وورد الخلاف بين القانون والمذهب أبرزها الخلاف في شروط الحاضن ومواد القانون عامة بينما نصوص المذهب مقيدة وأن فقهاء المذهب يراعي تحقق مصلحة حفظ دين المحضون وحفظ نفس الأم وحفظ عرض الأب بينما مادة القانون تغفل عنها, ولكن مع هذا لم يكن الخلاف بينهما خلافا حقيقيا لأن مادة القانون لم تكن تخالف الأدلة الصريحة من الكتاب ولا من السنة حيث أنها مستمدة من الشريعة الإسلامية كذالك, إلا أن المواد التي تبين أسباب نقل الحضانة من الأم ناقصة تحتاج إلى زيادة من البيان أو زيادة في بعض المواد لتكون أوضح كونها مصدرا في القضاء بالمحكمة الدينية.
Fermentasi Tape dan Minas dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Asri, Asri; Ihwan Wahid Minu; Riska, Riska; Raihanah Rahmat
BUSTANUL FUQAHA: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam Vol 2 No 2 (2021): BUSTANUL FUQAHA: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M), Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/bustanul.v2i2.378

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the position of tape and minas in the perspective of Islamic law, starting from the manufacturing process to its form into fermented food and drinks. This research was a qualitative research with a legal-formal approach to analyze the legal status of halal and haram fermentation of tape and minas. The results showed that the process of making tape and minas used a non-alcoholic fermentation system, namely fermentation that does not aim to form high levels of alcohol by using certain alcohol so that the element of haram is not found in the manufacturing process. In terms of legal status, the existence of tape and minas is seen from the aspect of the substance contained in the form of ethanol as part of high alcohol content. In terms of legal status, the existence of tape and minas is seen from the aspect of the substance contained in the form of ethanol as part of high alcohol content.
نقل الحضانة من الأم في منظور الفقه الإسلامي عند المذهب الشافعي والقانون الأندونيسي Riska Binti Nashrun; M. Muinudinillah Basri
Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol, 18. No, 2 Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v18i2.7436

Abstract

Mother is the person most entitled to the care of her children as stated in Islamic laws and shari'ah, and this is in line with the nature of a mother who is very fond of their children and mother is the most patient person with their children but there is quite a worrying problem happening in the midst of our society, where there are many cases of mistreatment of children coming from their mothers, not even a few that lead to death. Found in marriage law No. 1 of 1974 and Presidential Decree on Compilation of Islamic law number 1 of 1999 the articles regulating the causes of a mother not getting custody of her child, the author tries to analyze the articles and compare it with the view of mazhab syafi 'i. And the results of the author's analysis shows the similarities between the articles that regulate the transfer of custody of the child from the mother contained in the two laws above with the view of mazhab syafi'i if compared to the eyes of maqasid syari'ah where the articles aimed at maintaining the safety children of hifzu nafs and hifzul aql. But there is a fundamental difference between mazhab syafi'i school and the law that is: in syafi'i school set some conditions for the mother as child custody holder while in the law there is no article that regulates about it. And in syafi'i madhhab mentioned some things that cause the move custody of the child from mother whose purpose is to keep aqidah children to keep straight hifzu addin, keep safety of mother hifzu nafsil ummi and keep honor father hifzu 'irdil abi where purpose of cause - because the intended is not contained in the articles contained in the law.And the authors conclude that the Articles contained in the law that regulate the move of custody of the child from the mother need addition to be more effective in overcoming the problems that occur in the community, especially cases of mistreatment of mothers against their children.Ibu adalah orang yang paling berhak terhadap pangasuhan anak-anaknya sebagaimana tertuang dalam undang-undang dan syari’at islam, dan hal ini sejalan dengan fitrah seorang ibu yang sangat menyayangi anak-anak dan ibu adalah sosok yang paling sabar menghadapi anak-anak dibandingkan orang lain, akan tetapi ada permaslahan  yang cukup menghawatirkan terjadi ditengah-tengah masyarakat kita, dimana didapati banyaknya kasus penganiayaan terhadap anak-anak yang datang dari ibu mereka, bahkan tidak sedikit yang berujung pada kematian. Didapati dalam undang-undang  Perkawinan nomor 1 tahun 1974 dan Keputusan presiden tentang Kompilasi  hukum islam nomor 1 tahun 1999 pasal-pasal yang mengatur sebab-sebab seorang ibu tidak mendapatkan hak asuh anaknya, penulis mencoba menganalisa pasal-pasal tersebut dan membandingkanya dengan pandangan mazhab syafi’i. Dan hasil analisa penulis menunjukan adanya kesamaan antara pasal-pasal yang mengatur tentang pindahnya hak asuh anak dari ibu yang terdapat pada kedua undang-undang diatas dengan pandangan mazhab syafi’I, jika  keduanya dibandingkan menurut kacamata maqasid syari’ah dimana didapati pasal-pasal yang mengatur pindahnya hak asuh ibu terhadap seorang anak dan pendapat para ahli fiqhi dalam mazhab syafi’i sama-sama bertujuan untuk menjaga keselamatan anak atau hifzu nafs dan hifzul aql. Namun terdapat  Perbedaan antara  mazhab syafi’i dan undang-undang  yaitu: dalam mazhab syafi’i ditetapkan beberapa syarat bagi ibu sebagai pemegang hak asuh anak sedangkan dalam undang-undang tidak ada pasal yang mengatur tentang hal tersebut. Dan  dalam mazhab syafi’i disebutkan beberapa hal  yang menyebabkan pindahnya hak asuh anak dari ibu  yang tujuan nya untuk menjaga aqidah anak-anak agar tetap lurus hifzu addin, menjaga keselamatan ibu hifzu nafsil ummi dan menjaga kehormatan ayah hifzu ‘irdil abi dimana tujuan dari sebab-sebab yang dimaksudkan tidak terkandung dalam pasal-pasal yang terdapat  dalam undang-undang. Sekalipun terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara mazhab syafi’i dan  kedua undang-undang diatas, tetapi pasal-pasal yang mengatur tentang pindahnya hak asuh anak dari ibu tidak menyelisihi dalil-dalil yang sharih dalam Al-qur’an maupun hadits-hadits Rasulullah SAW, dan walaupun demikian menurut penulis Pasal-pasal yang dimaksud tetap memerlukan penambahan agar lebih  jelas dan efektif dijadikan sebagai landasan hukum dalam memutuskan perkara di pengadilan agama. إن أولى الناس في حضانة الولد المحضون أم لشفقتها وصبرها على أعباء الرعاية والتربية ولكن ومن الوقائع المؤسفة التي تناقض فطرة الأم قد حدثت بمجتمعنا اليوم, أن وجد واعتداء واعدام نحو الأولاد من الأم. ولحل المشكلة وضع في القانون مواد تنص على أسباب نقل الحضانة من الأم وذالك في القانون  الوضعي الأندونيسي  الرقم الأول سنة 1974 عن الزواج وفي قرار رئيس الجمهور  الرقم 1 عام 1991 عن  أحكام الأحوال الشخصية,  وقارن الباحث تلك الأسباب المنصوصة في القانونين بنظرة المذهب الشافعي. وينتج من البحث أن  مضمون الأسباب المنصوصة في القانون متفقة بالأسباب المنصوصة من المذهب الشافعي نظرا إلى تحقق مصلحة  حفظ نفس المحضون وحفظ عقله وراء هذه الأسباب. واتفق القانون بالمذهب بأن المحضون المميز يخير بين أمه وأبيه. وورد الخلاف بين القانون والمذهب أبرزها الخلاف في شروط الحاضن ومواد القانون عامة بينما نصوص المذهب مقيدة وأن فقهاء المذهب يراعي تحقق مصلحة حفظ دين المحضون وحفظ نفس الأم وحفظ عرض الأب بينما مادة القانون تغفل عنها, ولكن مع هذا لم يكن الخلاف بينهما خلافا حقيقيا لأن مادة القانون لم تكن تخالف الأدلة الصريحة من الكتاب ولا من السنة حيث أنها مستمدة من الشريعة الإسلامية كذالك, إلا أن المواد التي تبين أسباب نقل الحضانة من الأم ناقصة تحتاج إلى زيادة من البيان أو زيادة في بعض المواد لتكون أوضح كونها مصدرا في القضاء بالمحكمة الدينية.
Hukum Pembuatan Pupuk dari Bangkai Binatang Rahmadani Rahmadani; Islahuddin Ramadhan Mubarak; Riska Riska; Nur Afni A.
AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab Vol 1 No 1 (2022): AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (465.736 KB) | DOI: 10.36701/qiblah.v1i1.631

Abstract

This study aims to find out and understand what the law of making fertilizer from animal carcasses is. The problems in this research are; First, how about the law of carrion in general? Second, how is the review of Islamic law on the manufacture of fertilizer from animal carcasses? Qualitative descriptive research (non-statistical) using historical approaches and normative juridical approaches. The data used in this study are sourced from primary data and secondary data in the form of the Koran, hadith, classic and contemporary books, journals, theses, papers, and scientific literature related to the title of this research. The results of the research found are first, the law on the use of animal carcasses is okay because it is also a treasure that can be used, what is forbidden from the carcass is consuming or eating it. Second, the review of Islamic law on the manufacture of fertilizer from animal carcasses is lawful because there has been suitability of each analytical review used, such as in terms of manufacture or production, qiyās, istitālah, and maslahah.
حكم زكاة مال الصبي عند المذاهب الأربعة Rosmita Rosmita; Mukran H. Usman; Riska Riska; Karmila Karmila
البصيرة: مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية Vol 4 No 1 (2023): البصيرة: مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M), Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/bashirah.v4i1.879

Abstract

This study aims to determine the law of zakat on the assets of young children according to the four schools of thought and to analyze the opinions of scholars of the four schools regarding the law of zakat on the assets of young children. The research method used is inductive and comparative methods. The results of this study are: first, according to Hanafi, the law of zakat on the assets of young children is not obligatory, while according to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hambali schools, it is obligatory. Hanafi is of the opinion that zakat is worship that is mahḍah which requires the age of maturity and intelligence, while the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools do not require adulthood and have reason in it, because of the generality of the zakat verses and the existing hadiths, so they view that it is obligatory; second, based on the results of the analysis, the researcher believes that zakat on the assets of young children must be paid zakat for several reasons other than the arguments of the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah, including zakat is a property worship, and small children may own these assets, so that the right of the indigent The poor should not be prohibited from receiving zakat assets.
Program Belajar Islam Intensif bagi Muslimah di Desa Kenari, Kabupaten Pohuwato, Gorontalo Asnawati Patuti; Riska; Eka Syahriani
WAHATUL MUJTAMA': Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 2 No 1 (2021): WAHATUL MUJTAMA': Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/wahatul.v2i1.346

Abstract

Kenari Village is a village located in Lemito Subdistrict, Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province. The people of Kenari Village have a religious character so that there are good enough da'wah opportunities for students of KKN STIBA Makassar in Gorontalo to develop the competence of da'wah in the field. The method of implementation of KKN is started by conducting field surveys using self-made instruments and then conducted SOAR analysis. After conducting observations and consultations with the Muslimah Wahdah Pahuwuto, then determined the kkn team work program as follows: Friday Study, Tahfiz Qur'an Daily, Adult Qur'an Education (Dirosa), Memorizing Hadith Kitabul Jami', Teaching Arabic, TPA / TPQ, Tahsin (improving reading). As a result, the KKN program can be carried out well and smoothly despite some changes and additions and time that are not as planned. As for the success achieved, it appears to improve the quality of reading the Qur'an muslimah and students in the location KKN.
Penanaman Nilai-nilai Islam pada Anak-anak Usia Dini Melalui Kegiatan Pengajaran Al-Qur'an di Desa Wakorambu Riska Riska; Dewi Indriani
WAHATUL MUJTAMA': Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 3 No 1 (2022): WAHATUL MUJTAMA': Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/wahatul.v3i1.553

Abstract

The purpose of the STIBA Makassar Real Work Lecture (KKN) Batch V is as a form of community service which is a pillar of the Tri Darma of higher education, especially the development of the Al-Qur'an Learning group in Wakorambu village as the main program. The PkM implementation method begins with a field survey and then formulates community needs using the SOAR analysis method, after the analysis was carried out, it was found that a very urgent need was found, namely the development of the TPA group in Wakorambu village. The development of the Wakorambu Village Al-Qur'an Learning was carried out well in accordance with the expected goals.
إدارة الخراج في كتاب الخراج لأبي يوسف وكتاب الأحكام السلطانية لأبي يعلى الفراء Rosmita Rosmita; Riska Riska; Andi Indra Puteri; Linka Anastasya Monoarfa
البصيرة: مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية Vol 4 No 2 (2023): البصيرة: مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M), Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/bashirah.v4i2.1066

Abstract

This research discusses the management of Kharāj in the book al-Kharāj by Abū Yūsuf and the kitāb al-Ahkām al-Sulṭāniyya by Abū Ya'lā. The aim of the research is to find out the management of Kharāj in the book al-Kharāj by Abū Yūsuf, to know the management of Kharāj in the book al-Ahkām al-Sulṭāniyya by Abū Ya'lā, and to find out the similarities and differences in views between Abū Yūsuf and Abū Ya'lā in management Kharaj. The research methods used to achieve the objectives are deductive, inductive, and comparative methods. The research results show several things. First, kharaj according to Abū Yūsuf is what is properly taken from the property of those who fight the Muslims without resorting to violence. The Kharaj collection system that he implemented was a profit-sharing system. Second, according to Abū Ya'lā, kharaj is what is imposed on the land owner in the form of rights that must be fulfilled on the land, and the collection system applied has three methods: based on the size of the land, the size of the land planted, and the percentage of production. Third, the similarity in views between Abū Yūsuf and Abū Ya'lā is that both of them agree with Jumhur regarding the meaning of Kharāj, the property taken from Kharāj, the land where Kharāj is located, its distribution system, and its managers. The difference is in the collection system and kharaj percentage.
Aktualisasi Kaidah al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah al-Ḍarūrah pada Akad Istiṣnā’ Paralel Nurhikmah Huswat; Muhammad Shiddiq Abdillah; Riska Riska
AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab Vol 3 No 4 (2024): AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/qiblah.v3i4.1651

Abstract

The study aims to determine the Actualization of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah’s rules (Necessity is treated as emergency) in parallel istishna’sale and purchase. This research is employs a qualitative descriptive research approach focused on the analysis of manuscripts and texts,utilizing normative and analytical methods. From the research findings it was discovered that the application of the principle of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah in parallel istiṣnā’contracts has been actualized by observing that initially, the legality of parallel istiṣnā’contracts was prohibited due to certain transaction modes not conforming to the provisions of Islamic commercial law. For instance, a party acting as Ṣāni’ to sell goods without prosessing them. Or when acting as the manufacturer, not meeting the criteria as a genuine producer because they require someone else to fulfill the order. The principle in Islamic jurisprudence of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah explains that urgent needs criteria can occupy an emergency position, specially primary or fundamental needs. For example, humans require housing to ensure safety and security in their lives but lack funds to purchase a home and have no other means available. In such conditions, parallel istiṣnā’ contracts are permissible. This akigns with the principle of al-Ḥājah Tunazzalu Manzilah Al-Ḍarūrah, which elucidates the position where needs can occupy an emergency situation. The implications of this research are to strengthen Islamic legal theory, provide practical guidance in the Islamic financial sector, address contract limitations, and offer boundaries and understanding of the provisions set by Islamic law.